scholarly journals A striking new genus and species of cave-dwelling frog (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae: Asterophryinae) from Thailand

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatmongkon Suwannapoom ◽  
Montri Sumontha ◽  
Jitthep Tunprasert ◽  
Thiti Ruangsuwan ◽  
Parinya Pawangkhanant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Limestone Cave ◽  
Mtdna Sequence

We report on a discovery ofSiamophryne troglodytesGen. et sp. nov.,a new troglophilous genus and species of microhylid frog from a limestone cave in the tropical forests of western Thailand. To assess its phylogenetic relationships we studied the 12S rRNA–16S rRNA mtDNA fragment with final alignment comprising up to 2,591 bp for 56 microhylid species. Morphological characterization of the new genus is based on examination of external morphology and analysis of osteological characteristics using microCT-scanning. Phylogenetic analyses place the new genus into the mainly Australasian subfamily Asterophryinae as a sister taxon to the genusGastrophrynoides, the only member of the subfamily known from Sundaland. The new genus markedly differs from all other Asterophryinae members by a number of diagnostic morphological characters and demonstrates significant mtDNA sequence divergence. We provide a preliminary description of a tadpole of the new genus. Thus, it represents the only asterophryine taxon with documented free-living larval stage and troglophilous life style. Our work demonstrates thatS. troglodytesGen. et sp. nov.represents an old lineage of the initial radiation of Asterophryinae which took place in the mainland Southeast Asia. Our results strongly support the “out of Indo-Eurasia” biogeographic scenario for this group of frogs. To date, the new frog is only known from a single limestone cave system in Sai Yok District of Kanchanaburi Province of Thailand; its habitat is affected by illegal bat guano mining and other human activities. As such,S. troglodytesGen. et sp. nov.is likely to be at high risk of habitat loss. Considering high ecological specialization and a small known range of the new taxon, we propose a IUCN Red List status of endangered for it.

scholarly journals Morpho-molecular diversity of Linocarpaceae (Chaetosphaeriales): Claviformispora gen. nov. from decaying branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Xiu-Lan Xu ◽  
Chun-Lin Yang ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon ◽  
Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe ◽  
Ying-Gao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Genus

In this paper, Claviformisporagen. nov. in Linocarpaceae is introduced from Phyllostachys heteroclada in Sichuan Province, China. The new genus is characterised by its distinct morphological characters, such as ostiole with periphyses, asci with a thick doughnut-shaped, J- apical ring and clavate ascospore without septum-like band and appendage. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequence data from ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF-1α regions, provide further evidence that the fungus is a distinct genus within this family. The new genus is compared with similar genera, such as Linocarpon and Neolinocarpon. Descriptions, illustrations and notes are provided for the new taxon.

scholarly journals Integrative taxonomy of the new millipede genus Coxobolellus, gen. nov. (Diplopoda : Spirobolida : Pseudospirobolellidae), with descriptions of ten new species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyatida Pimvichai ◽  
Henrik Enghoff ◽  
Somsak Panha ◽  
Thierry Backeljau
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Morphological Differences

Pseudospirobolellidae is a poorly known family of spirobolidan millipedes with only two genera and five described species. Yet, the descriptive taxonomy and molecular systematics of this group have been largely neglected. Therefore, the present work presents an integrative taxonomic study of new pseudospirobolellid taxa in Thailand. To this end, two mitochondrial gene fragments (COI and 16S rRNA) combined with morphological characters were used to define the genus Coxobolellus, gen. nov. with 10 new species, viz. C. albiceps, sp. nov., C. compactogonus, sp. nov., C. fuscus, sp. nov., C. nodosus, sp. nov., C. serratus, sp. nov., C. simplex, sp. nov., C. tenebris, sp. nov., C. tigris, sp. nov., C. transversalis, sp. nov. and C. valvatus, sp. nov. The interspecific COI sequence divergences among the new species ranged from 6 to 15%. The intergeneric COI sequence divergence between species of Coxobolellus, gen. nov., Benoitolus birgitae and Pseudospirobolellus sp. ranged from 20 to 23%. Three major morphological differences separate Coxobolellus, gen. nov. from Benoitolus and Pseudospirobolellus, namely (1) the protruding process on the 3rd (and 4th) coxae on male legs, (2) the posterior gonopod telopodite divided into two parts, and (3) a conspicuous opening pore at the mesal margin at the end of the coxal part of the posterior gonopod. Thus, the new genus is well supported by both mtDNA and morphological evidence, while the delimitation of the 10 new species is supported by the congruence between mtDNA and morphological data. Yet, with respect to the relationships of Benoitolus birgitae, morphological data suggest a similarity with Coxobolellus, gen. nov. and Pseudospirobolellus, whereas mtDNA data place this species in the Pachybolidae. Further phylogenetic analyses are needed to explore this apparent incongruence and test the monophyly of Pseudospirobolellidae.

scholarly journals Ligninsphaeria jonesii gen. et. sp. nov., a remarkable bamboo inhabiting ascomycete

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIN-FENG ZHANG ◽  
JIAN-KUI LIU ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
YONG-XIANG LIU ◽  
ALI H. BAHKALI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Distinct Lineage

A new ascomycete species, inhabiting decaying bamboo culms, is introduced in this paper based on morphology and molecular evidence. Analyses of partial LSU sequence data place the taxon in a monophyletic clade within the order Pleosporales. Morphological characters of the taxon are also distinct from other members of Pleosporales. Ligninsphaeria jonesii gen. et sp. nov. is therefore introduced to accommodate the new taxon, which is characterized by its clypeate, scattered, deeply immersed ascomata, with a slit-like opening, long ostioles, cellular pseudoparaphyses, clavate asci containing broad-fusiform and 1-septate ascospores surrounded by a gelatinous cap at both ends. The phylogenetic analyses show that the new taxon is phylogenetically close but distinct from the families Amniculicolaceae and Testudinaceae, and forms a distinct clade from other taxa in Pleosporales. The new taxon is described and compared with similar taxa. A new genus Ligninsphaeria (Pleosporales, incertae sedis) is introduced to accommodate this distinct lineage.

scholarly journals Morpho-molecular diversity of Linocarpaceae (Chaetosphaeriales): Claviformispora gen. nov. from decaying branches of Phyllostachys heteroclada

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Xiu-Lan Xu ◽  
Chun-Lin Yang ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon ◽  
Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe ◽  
Ying-Gao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Genus

In this paper, Claviformisporagen. nov. in Linocarpaceae is introduced from Phyllostachys heteroclada in Sichuan Province, China. The new genus is characterised by its distinct morphological characters, such as ostiole with periphyses, asci with a thick doughnut-shaped, J- apical ring and clavate ascospore without septum-like band and appendage. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequence data from ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF-1α regions, provide further evidence that the fungus is a distinct genus within this family. The new genus is compared with similar genera, such as Linocarpon and Neolinocarpon. Descriptions, illustrations and notes are provided for the new taxon.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a taxonomically unstable ranid from Sumatra, Indonesia, reveals a new genus with gastromyzophorous tadpoles and two new species

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umilaela Arifin ◽  
Utpal Smart ◽  
Stefan T. Hertwig ◽  
Eric N. Smith ◽  
Djoko T. Iskandar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Molecular Barcoding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two New Species

The presence of an adhesive abdominal sucker (gastromyzophory) allows tadpoles of certain species of anurans to live in fast-flowing streams. Gastromyzophorous tadpoles are rare among anurans, known only in certain American bufonids and Asian ranids. To date,Huia sumatrana, which inhabits cascading streams, has been the only Sumatran ranid known to possess gastromyzophorous tadpoles. In the absence of thorough sampling and molecular barcoding of adults and larvae, it has remained to be confirmed whether other Sumatran ranid species living in similar habitats, i.e.,Chalcorana crassiovis, possesses this larval type. Moreover, the taxonomic status of this species has long been uncertain and its taxonomic position within the Ranidae, previously based exclusively on morphological characters, has remained unresolved. To study the diversity and relationships of these frogs and to establish the identity of newly collected gastromyzophorous tadpoles from Sumatra, we compared genetic sequences ofC. crassiovis-like taxa from a wide range of sites on Sumatra. We conducted bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses on a concatenated dataset of mitochondrial (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and tRNAval) and nuclear (RAG1 and TYR) gene fragments. Our analyses recoveredC. crassiovisto be related toClinotarsus,Huia, andMeristogenys. The DNA barcodes of the gastromyzophorous tadpoles matched adults from the same sites. Herein, we provide a re-description of adultC. crassiovisand propose “C. kampeni” as a synonym of this species. The molecular evidence, morphological features, and distribution suggest the presence of two related new species. The two new species andC. crassiovistogether represent a distinct phylogenetic clade possessing unique molecular and morphological synapomorphies, thus warranting a new genus.

Mimaporia, a new genus of Epicopeiidae (Lepidoptera), with description of a new species from Vietnam

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4254 (5) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIA-HSUAN WEI ◽  
SHEN-HORN YEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

The Epicopeiidae is a small geometroid family distributed in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions. It exhibits high morphological diversity in body size and wing shape, while their wing patterns involve in various complex mimicry rings. In the present study, we attempted to describe a new genus, and a new species from Vietnam, with comments on two assumed congeneric novel species from China and India. To address its phylogenetic affinity, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the family by using sequence data of COI, EF-1α, and 28S gene regions obtained from seven genera of Epicopeiidae with Pseudobiston pinratanai as the outgroup. We also compared the morphology of the new taxon to other epicopeiid genera to affirm its taxonomic status. The results suggest that the undescribed taxon deserve a new genus, namely Mimaporia gen. n. The species from Vietnam, Mimaporia hmong sp. n., is described as new to science. Under different tree building strategies, the new genus is the sister group of either Chatamla Moore, 1881 or Parabraxas Leech, 1897. The morphological evidence, which was not included in phylogenetic analyses, however, suggests its potential affinity with Burmeia Minet, 2003. This study also provides the first, although preliminary, molecular phylogeny of the family on which the revised systematics and interpretation of character evolution can be based. 

scholarly journals Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Labriocimbex sinicus, a new genus and new species of Cimbicidae (Hymenoptera) from China

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Yan ◽  
Gengyun Niu ◽  
Yaoyao Zhang ◽  
Qianying Ren ◽  
Shiyu Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
New Genus ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Link Type

Labriocimbex sinicus Yan & Wei gen. et sp. nov. of Cimbicidae is described. The new genus is similar to Praia Andre and Trichiosoma Leach. A key to extant Holarctic genera of Cimbicinae is provided. To identify the phylogenetic placement of Cimbicidae, the mitochondrial genome of L. sinicus was annotated and characterized using high-throughput sequencing data. The complete mitochondrial genome of L. sinicus was obtained with a length of 15,405 bp (GenBank: MH136623; SRA: SRR8270383) and a typical set of 37 genes (22 tRNAs, 13 PCGs, and two rRNAs). The results demonstrated that all PCGs were initiated by ATN codon, and ended with TAA or T stop codons. The study reveals that all tRNA genes have a typical clover-leaf secondary structure, except for trnS1. Remarkably, the secondary structures of the rrnS and rrnL of L. sinicus were much different from those of Corynis lateralis. Phylogenetic analyses verified the monophyly and positions of the three Cimbicidae species within the superfamily Tenthredinoidea and demonstrated a relationship as (Tenthredinidae + Cimbicidae) + (Argidae + Pergidae) with strong nodal supports. Furthermore, we found that the generic relationships of Cimbicidae revealed by the phylogenetic analyses based on COI genes agree quite closely with the systematic arrangement of the genera based on the morphological characters. Phylogenetic tree based on two methods shows that L. sinicus is the sister group of Praia with high support values. We suggest that Labriocimbex belongs to the tribe Trichiosomini of Cimbicinae based on adult morphology and molecular data. Besides, we suggest to promote the subgenus Asitrichiosoma to be a valid genus.

A new species of Cycloramphus Tschudi (Anura: Cycloramphidae) from the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Southeastern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2737 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIZ NORBERTO WEBER ◽  
VANESSA KRUTH VERDADE ◽  
RODRIGO DE DE OLIVEIRA LULA SALLES ◽  
ANTOINE FOUQUET ◽  
SERGIO POTSCH DE CARVALHO-E-SILVA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Skin Texture ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
A New Species

We report here the discovery of a new species of frog associated to the open areas of the highlands of the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos. The new species, Cycloramphus organensis is characterized by a unique skin texture, medium size (maximum male and female SVL 26.4 mm and 33.3 mm respectively), dorsal surfaces uniformly brick red colored, uniformly areolate skin on dorsum, pupil horizontal, iris with a menisc on upper margin; no fleshy tubercles on eyelid, tympanic annulus concealed beneath skin, macroglands not visible externally, fingers and toes without fringes and webs; supernumerary palmar and plantar tubercles absent, nuptial spines absent. Despite the presence of an iris menisc, a character shared by frogs of both genera Cycloramphus and Zachaenus Cope, the combination of morphological characters is so unique that the allocation of the species to any of these genera remains ambiguous. Consequently, we used additional molecular-based phylogenetic analyses to ascertain the position of the new taxon. The new species proved to be embedded within the genus Cycloramphus.

scholarly journals Burmese amber reveals a new stem lineage of whirligig beetle (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) based on the larval stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 1232-1248
Author(s):  
Grey T Gustafson ◽  
Mariano C Michat ◽  
Michael Balke
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Extinction Event ◽  
Stem Lineage ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Mass Extinction Event

Abstract Burmese amber is well known for preserving unique extinct lineages of insects. Here, we describe a new fossil beetle in its larval stage from Burmese amber. Bayesian and parsimony phylogenetic analysis of 50 morphological characters support this fossil as being sister to both the tribes Dineutini and Orectochilini, representing an extinct stem lineage in Gyrininae. It is described here as a new genus and species of whirligig beetle, Chimerogyrus gigagalea gen. & sp. nov., a taxon that preserves remarkable intermediate features between the whirligig beetle tribe Gyrinini and the crown Orectochilini and Dineutini. This new taxon preserves key features for studying the evolution of characters within the larval stage of the Gyrinidae and highlights the importance of Burmese amber for preserving both stem and crown lineages present during the mid-Cretaceous, before the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event.

scholarly journals Annulatascus saprophyticus sp. nov. and Pseudoannulatascus gen. nov. to accommodate Annulatascus biatriisporus (Annulatascales, Sordariomycetes) from Thailand

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 239 (2) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonglong Luo ◽  
S.S.N MAHARACHCHIKUMBUR ◽  
Xiaoying Liu ◽  
Shuhong Li ◽  
Lijiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Gelatinous Matrix ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
Gene Data

A new Annulatascus species, A. saprophyticus, found on decaying wood in freshwater in northern Thailand is introduced in this paper. The new taxon is illustrated, described and compared with other species in the genus, as well as a key to genus is provided. It differs from other species in the genus in having straight up right necks at one end, paraphyses embedded in a gelatinous matrix, and 0–3-septate, fusoid to lunate ascospores, which are larger than other species in the genus. Phylogenetic analyses based on LSU gene data showed that A. saprophyticus belongs in Annulatascus sensu strict (Annulatascaceae, Annulatascales, Sordariomycetidae). Based on the molecular data and a reevaluation of morphology, a new genus Pseudoannulatascus in Annulatascaceae is introduced to accommodate Annulatascus biatriisporus.

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