scholarly journals Characterization of sympatric Platanthera bifolia and Platanthera chlorantha (Orchidaceae) populations with intermediate plants

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Esposito ◽  
Nicolas J. Vereecken ◽  
Maddalena Gammella ◽  
Rosita Rinaldi ◽  
Pascal Laurent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Detailed Picture ◽  
Sympatric Zone ◽  
Ecological Differences

Platanthera bifolia and P. chlorantha are terrestrial and rewarding orchids with a wide Eurasian distribution. Although genetically closely related, they exhibit significant morphological, phenological and ecological differences that maintain reproductive isolation between the species. However, where both species co-occur, individuals with intermediate phenotypic traits, often considered as hybrids, are frequently observed. Here, we combined neutral genetic markers (AFLPs), morphometrics and floral scent analysis (GC-MS) to investigate two mixed Platanthera populations where morphologically intermediate plants were found. Self-pollination experiments revealed a low level of autogamy and artificial crossings combined with assessments of fruit set and seed viability, showed compatibility between the two species. The results of the genetic analyses showed that morphologically intermediate plants had similar genetic patterns as the P. bifolia group. These results are corroborated also by floral scent analyses, which confirmed a strong similarity in floral scent composition between intermediate morphotypes and P. bifolia. Therefore, this study provided a much more detailed picture of the genetic structure of a sympatric zone between two closely allied species and supports the hypothesis that intermediate morphotypes in sympatry could reflect an adaptive evolution in response to local pollinator-mediated selection.

scholarly journals Characterization of sympatric Platanthera bifolia and Platanthera chlorantha (Orchidaceae) populations with intermediate plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Esposito ◽  
Nicolas J. Vereecken ◽  
Maddalena Gammella ◽  
Rosita Rinaldi ◽  
Pascal Laurent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Detailed Picture ◽  
Sympatric Zone ◽  
Ecological Differences

Platanthera bifolia and P. chlorantha are terrestrial and rewarding orchids with a wide Eurasian distribution. Although genetically closely related, they exhibit significant morphological, phenological and ecological differences that maintain reproductive isolation between the species. However, where both species co-occur, individuals with intermediate phenotypic traits, often considered as hybrids, are frequently observed. Here, we combined neutral genetic markers (AFLPs), morphometrics and floral scent analysis (GC-MS) to investigate two mixed Platanthera populations where morphologically intermediate plants were found. Self-pollination experiments revealed a low level of autogamy and artificial crossings combined with assessments of fruit set and seed viability, showed compatibility between the two species. The results of the genetic analyses showed the same genetic patterns of morphologically intermediate individuals with the P. bifolia group. These results are corroborated also by floral scent analyses, which confirmed a strong similarity in floral scent composition between intermediate morphotypes and P. bifolia. Therefore, this study provided a much more detailed picture of the genetic structure of a sympatric zone between two closely allied species and supports the hypothesis that intermediate morphotypes in sympatry could reflect an adaptive evolution in response to local pollinator-mediated selection.

scholarly journals Characterization of sympatric Platanthera bifolia and Platanthera chlorantha (Orchidaceae) populations with intermediate plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Esposito ◽  
Nicolas J. Vereecken ◽  
Maddalena Gammella ◽  
Rosita Rinaldi ◽  
Pascal Laurent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Detailed Picture ◽  
Sympatric Zone ◽  
Ecological Differences

Platanthera bifolia and P. chlorantha are terrestrial and rewarding orchids with a wide Eurasian distribution. Although genetically closely related, they exhibit significant morphological, phenological and ecological differences that maintain reproductive isolation between the species. However, where both species co-occur, individuals with intermediate phenotypic traits, often considered as hybrids, are frequently observed. Here, we combined neutral genetic markers (AFLPs), morphometrics and floral scent analysis (GC-MS) to investigate two mixed Platanthera populations where morphologically intermediate plants were found. Self-pollination experiments revealed a low level of autogamy and artificial crossings combined with assessments of fruit set and seed viability, showed compatibility between the two species. The results of the genetic analyses showed the same genetic patterns of morphologically intermediate individuals with the P. bifolia group. These results are corroborated also by floral scent analyses, which confirmed a strong similarity in floral scent composition between intermediate morphotypes and P. bifolia. Therefore, this study provided a much more detailed picture of the genetic structure of a sympatric zone between two closely allied species and supports the hypothesis that intermediate morphotypes in sympatry could reflect an adaptive evolution in response to local pollinator-mediated selection.

Characterization of population genetic structure of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis in Bulgaria

Amyloid ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zornitsa Pavlova ◽  
Stayko Sarafov ◽  
Tihomir Todorov ◽  
Andrey Kirov ◽  
Teodora Chamova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Transthyretin Amyloidosis ◽  
Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis

scholarly journals Morphophysiological and molecular characterization of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) varieties for crop improvement in Western Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Vischi ◽  
Nicola Zorzin ◽  
Maria Bernhart ◽  
Johanna Winkler ◽  
Dipak Santra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Ne Italy ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Background Global warming and issues in favour of a more sustainable agriculture suggest a reconsideration of minor cereals in European agrosystems. Compared to other summer crops, proso millet has a remarkable drought resistance and could be used to improve crop rotation and biodiversity. Proso millet is also increasingly sought by industry to produce novel foods such as those designed for coeliac patients. In this study, a thorough characterization of 11, commercially available, proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) varieties was carried out as a preliminary step for crop reintroduction and breeding in Western Europe. Methods The cultivars under evaluation were introduced from Austria, Poland, Russia, and the USA (University of Nebraska–Lincoln). Plants were grown at Udine (NE Italy) and Gleisdorf (Styria, Austria), under greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. Yield components and a range of morphophysiological characters were recorded in both locations. In parallel, 85 SSR markers were tested on DNA samples extracted from randomly chosen plants of each variety and the 12 responsive markers used to genotype the whole variety set. Results Morphometric analyses showed that varieties have several diverging phenotypic traits and architectures. In all instances, yields recorded at field level were much lower than potential yields. In this respect, US selections were comparable to earlier developed European varieties, suggesting that breeding for an increased adaptation is the keystone for a stable reintroduction of millet in Western Europe. Molecular analyses uncovered remarkably low genetic differences and heterozygosity levels within cultivars, confirming millet as an essentially autogamous species; in contrast, large genetic distances were noted among cultivars selected in different environments. Results of SSR genotyping combined with those originating from phenotypic analyses indicated possible crosses to source the genetic variability necessary for selection. Conclusions This study enabled the identification of cultivars that could be used to revitalize the crop in Western Europe and to produce genetically variable hybrid progenies exploitable by breeding.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterization of Recent Clonal Lineages of Phytophthora infestans in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 873-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Danies ◽  
I. M. Small ◽  
K. Myers ◽  
R. Childers ◽  
W. E. Fry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease

Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease, has been reported in the United States and Canada since the mid-nineteenth century. Due to the lack of or very limited sexual reproduction, the populations of P. infestans in the United States are primarily reproducing asexually and, thus, show a simple genetic structure. The emergence of new clonal lineages of P. infestans (US-22, US-23, and US-24) responsible for the late blight epidemics in the northeastern region of the United States in the summers of 2009 and 2010 stimulated an investigation into phenotypic traits associated with these genotypes. Mating type, differences in sensitivity to mefenoxam, differences in pathogenicity on potato and tomato, and differences in rate of germination were studied for clonal lineages US-8, US-22, US-23, and US-24. Both A1 and A2 mating types were detected. Lineages US-22, US-23, and US-24 were generally sensitive to mefenoxam while US-8 was resistant. US-8 and US-24 were primarily pathogenic on potato while US-22 and US-23 were pathogenic on both potato and tomato. Indirect germination was favored at lower temperatures (5 and 10°C) whereas direct germination, though uncommon, was favored at higher temperatures (20 and 25°C). Sporangia of US-24 released zoospores more rapidly than did sporangia of US-22 and US-23. The association of characteristic phenotypic traits with genotype enables the prediction of phenotypic traits from rapid genotypic analyses for improved disease management.

scholarly journals Characterization of genetic structure of alfalfa (Medicago sp.) from trans-Himalaya using RAPD and ISSR markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 8176-8187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Xavier Janifer ◽  
Kumar Jitendra ◽  
Bihari Srivastava Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Rapd And Issr

scholarly journals Characterization of the biological processes shaping the genetic structure of the Italian population

BMC Genetics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Parolo ◽  
Antonella Lisa ◽  
Davide Gentilini ◽  
Anna Maria Di Blasio ◽  
Simona Barlera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Biological Processes
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