scholarly journals Pheromones of three ambrosia beetles in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex: ratios and preferences

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam F. Cooperband ◽  
Allard A. Cossé ◽  
Tappey H. Jones ◽  
Daniel Carrillo ◽  
Kaitlin Cleary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Ecological Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
Species Specific

Three cryptic species in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex were reared in laboratory colonies and investigated for the presence of pheromones. Collections of volatiles from combinations of diet, fungus, beetles, and galleries from polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #1) revealed the presence of 2-heneicosanone and 2-tricosanone only in the presence of beetles, regardless of sex. Subsequent examination of volatiles from the other two species, tea shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #2) and Kuroshio shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #5), revealed these two ketones were present in all three species but in different ratios. In dual choice olfactometer behavioral bioassays, mature mated females were strongly attracted to a synthetic binary blend of ketones matching their own natural ratios. However, females in each species were repelled by ketone blends in ratios corresponding to the other two species. Males of each species responded similarly to females when presented with ratios matching their own or the other two species. The presence of these compounds in the three beetle species, in ratios unique to each species, and their strong species-specific attraction and repellency, suggests they are pheromones. The ecological function of these pheromones is discussed. In addition to the pheromones, the previously known attractant (1S,4R)-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (also known as quercivorol) was discovered in the presence of the fungal symbionts, but not in association with the beetles. Quercivorol was tested in a dual-choice olfactometer and was strongly attractive to all three species. This evidence suggests quercivorol functions as a kairomone for members of the E. fornicatus species complex, likely produced by the symbiotic fungi.

scholarly journals Pheromones of three ambrosia beetles in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex: ratios and preferences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam F Cooperband ◽  
Allard A Cossé ◽  
Tappey H Jones ◽  
Daniel Carrillo ◽  
Kaitlin Cleary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Ecological Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
Species Specific

Three cryptic species in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex were reared in laboratory colonies and investigated for the presence of pheromones. Collections of volatiles from combinations of diet, fungus, beetles, and galleries from polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #1) revealed the presence of 2-heneicosanone and 2-tricosanone only in the presence of beetles, regardless of sex. Subsequent examination of volatiles from the other two species, tea shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #2) and Kuroshio shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #5), revealed these two ketones were present in all three species but in different ratios. In dual choice olfactometer behavioral bioassays, mature mated females were strongly attracted to a synthetic binary blend of ketones matching their own natural ratios. However, females in each species were repelled by ketone blends in ratios corresponding to the other two species. Males of each species responded similarly to females when presented with ratios matching their own or the other two species. The presence of these compounds in the three beetle species, in ratios unique to each species, and their strong species-specific attraction and repellency, suggests they are pheromones. The ecological function of these pheromones is discussed. In addition to the pheromones, the previously known attractant (1S,4R)-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (also known as quercivorol) was discovered in the presence of the fungal symbionts, but not in association with the beetles. Quercivorol was tested in a dual-choice olfactometer and was strongly attractive to all three species. This evidence suggests quercivorol functions as a kairomone for members of the E. fornicatus species complex, likely produced by the symbiotic fungi.

scholarly journals Pheromones of three ambrosia beetles in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex: ratios and preferences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam F Cooperband ◽  
Allard A Cossé ◽  
Tappey H Jones ◽  
Daniel Carrillo ◽  
Kaitlin Cleary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Ecological Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
Species Specific

Three cryptic species in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex were reared in laboratory colonies and investigated for the presence of pheromones. Collections of volatiles from combinations of diet, fungus, beetles, and galleries from polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #1) revealed the presence of 2-heneicosanone and 2-tricosanone only in the presence of beetles, regardless of sex. Subsequent examination of volatiles from the other two species, tea shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #2) and Kuroshio shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #5), revealed these two ketones were present in all three species but in different ratios. In dual choice olfactometer behavioral bioassays, mature mated females were strongly attracted to a synthetic binary blend of ketones matching their own natural ratios. However, females in each species were repelled by ketone blends in ratios corresponding to the other two species. Males of each species responded similarly to females when presented with ratios matching their own or the other two species. The presence of these compounds in the three beetle species, in ratios unique to each species, and their strong species-specific attraction and repellency, suggests they are pheromones. The ecological function of these pheromones is discussed. In addition to the pheromones, the previously known attractant (1S,4R)-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (also known as quercivorol) was discovered in the presence of the fungal symbionts, but not in association with the beetles. Quercivorol was tested in a dual-choice olfactometer and was strongly attractive to all three species. This evidence suggests quercivorol functions as a kairomone for members of the E. fornicatus species complex, likely produced by the symbiotic fungi.

Parmelia sulcata (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae), a sympatric monophyletic species complex

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del Carmen MOLINA ◽  
Pradeep K. DIVAKAR ◽  
Ana M. MILLANES ◽  
Edinson SÁNCHEZ ◽  
Ruth DEL-PRADO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parmelia Sulcata ◽  
High Genetic Variability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Temperate Europe ◽  
Β Tubulin

AbstractRecently, the number of cryptic species known has increased considerably, showing that species diversity has in many cases been underestimated in the past. Parmelia sulcata is a widely distributed species and one of the most common taxa in temperate Europe. The first intra-specific molecular studies on P. sulcata showed an unexpectedly high genetic variability. In the present work, we study the biodiversity of this taxon including specimens from four continents and using three molecular markers (nuITS, nuIGS rDNA, and partial β-tubulin gene). Two monophyletic groups of P. sulcata were encountered; one of these is epitypified as P. sulcata s. str and the other one is segregated as the new cryptic species P. encryptata sp. nov. Issues surrounding the lectotypification of Parmelia sulcata have also been elucidated.

Systematics of the Adiantum philippense complex (Pteridaceae, Polypodiales) in Taiwan

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI-YAUNG KUO ◽  
TIAN-CHUAN HSU ◽  
YI-HAN CHANG ◽  
YAO-MOAN HUANG ◽  
WEN-LIANG CHIOU
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Reproductive Modes ◽  
Taxonomical Revision

Adiantum philippense s.l. is a member of once-pinnate Adiantum but comprise several cytotaxa with different ploidies and reproductive modes. According to the differences of cytotypes, the up-to-date revision had identified three subspecies under the A. philippense complex. In Taiwan, different ploidies and reproductive modes had also been found in this species complex, and existence of (a) cryptic species among these cytotypes had been suggested. The current study focuses on taxonomical revision of Taiwanese A. philippense complex. We sampled not only different Taiwanese cytotypes/populations but also all subspecies under A. philippense and the closely related species of them. By re-examining their phylogeny, ploidies, and reproductive modes, we confirmed that the sexual diploids in Taiwan belong to Adiantum menglianense, and this species is phylogenetically separated from A. philippense. We further approved that A. menglianense can be morphologically distinguished from A. philippense by their frond features and spore numbers in sporangia. Another taxon of Taiwanese A. philippense complex is A. philippense subsp. philippense, which is an apomictic and triploidy subspecies. Additionally, we assigned lectotypes of A. menglianense, and revised the hybrid combination of A. × meishanianum. We also provided a key in order to identify two taxa under Taiwanese A. philippense complex and the other once-pinnate Adiantum species in Taiwan.

A simple molecular identification method of the Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) cryptic species complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Farkas ◽  
Zsuzsanna György ◽  
Annamária Tóth ◽  
Annamária Sojnóczki ◽  
József Fail
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
Laboratory Colonies

AbstractThe onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1889) is a key pest of a wide range of crops because of its ecological attributes such as polyphagy, high reproduction rate, ability to transmit tospoviruses and resistance to insecticides. Recent studies revealed that T. tabaci is a cryptic species complex and it has three lineages (leek-associated arrhenotokous L1-biotype, leek-associated thelytokous L2-biotype and tobacco-associated arrhenotokous T-biotype), however, the adults remain indistinguishable. T. tabaci individuals were collected from different locations of Hungary to create laboratory colonies from each biotypes. Mitochondrial COI (mtCOI) region was sequenced from morphologically identified individuals. After sequence analysis SNPs were identified and used for CAPS marker development, which were suitable for distinguishing the three T. tabaci lineages. Genetic analysis of the T. tabaci species complex based on mtCOI gene confirmed the three well-known biotypes (L1, L2, T) and a new biotype because the new molecular evidence presented in this study suggests T-biotype of T. tabaci forming two distinct (sub)clades (T1 and T2). This genetic finding indicates that the genetic variability of T. tabaci populations is still not fully mapped. We validated our developed marker on thrips individuals from our thrips colonies. The results demonstrated that the new marker effectively identifies the different T. tabaci biotypes. We believe that our reliable genotyping method will be useful in further studies focusing on T. tabaci biotypes and in pest management by scanning the composition of sympatric T. tabaci populations.

Field Studies on Flight Patterns and Olfactory Responses of Ambrosia Beetles in Douglas-fir Forests of Western Oregon

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 1339-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rudinsky ◽  
G. E. Daterman
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Sexually Mature

AbstractThe flight of the ambrosia beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.), Gnathotrichus sulcatus Lec. and G. retusus Lec., revealed distinct diurnal and seasonal patterns that were influenced by environmental factors, particularly temperature, wind, and daylight. While Trypodendron flies during the entire day when the temperature is favorable, the Gnathotrichus species exhibit a peak of flight at dusk. The temperature thresholds of emergence and initiation of flight for Trypodendron and the threshold for flight of Gnathotrichus were established.The substance responsible for mass attraction of Trypodendron, after the initial invasion of a few pioneer beetles, was found to be a species-specific sex pheromone produced by sexually mature females after entering the host. The pheromone has been concentrated from the female borings in the laboratory, and when released in the field it caused the beetles to respond. Both species of Gnathotrichus, on the other hand, responded to the borings produced by female beetles of Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins and to the extract prepared in alcohol. This fact suggests possible use of these substances in control of these ambrosia beetles.

Active and species-specific dispersal behaviour in a marine nematode cryptic species complex

2018 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
N De Meester ◽  
T Van Daele ◽  
J Van Malderen ◽  
L Monteiro ◽  
C Van Colen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Marine Nematode ◽  
Dispersal Behaviour ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Chromosomal and DNA barcode analysis of the Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) damone (Eversmann, 1841) species complex (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Lukhtanov ◽  
Alexander V. Dantchenko
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Haploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Species Specific

The Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) damone (Eversmann, 1841) species complex comprises from 5 to 8 species distributed in southeastern Europe and southern Siberia. Here we used chromosomal and DNA-barcode markers in order to test the taxonomic hypotheses previously suggested for this complex. We revealed that all taxa within this group demonstrate chromosomal stasis and share the same or very similar haploid chromosome number (n = 66 or n = 67). This finding is unexpected since the karyotypes are known to be very diverse and species-specific within the other taxa of the subgenus Agrodiaetus Hübner, 1822. Analysis of the mitochondrial gene COI revealed six diverged clusters of individuals within the complex. Each cluster has a specific geographic distribution and is characterized by distinct morphological features in the wing pattern. The clusters mostly (but not always) correlate with traditionally recognized species. As a result of our study, we describe a new subspecies P. (A.) iphigenides zarmitanussubsp. nov. from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan and show that the taxon originally described as Lycaena kindermanni var. melania Staudinger, 1886 represents a subspecies P. (A.) iphigenides melanius (Staudinger, 1886). Polyommatus (A.) samusi Korb, 2017 (syn. nov.) and P. (A.) melanius komarovi Korb, 2017 (syn. nov.) are considered here as junior subjective synonyms of P. (A.) iphigenides iphigenides (Staudinger, 1886).

scholarly journals Pheromonal and enzyme genetic characteristics of the Bombus lucorum species complex in northern Europe

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Pamilo ◽  
Jan Tengö ◽  
Pierre Rasmont ◽  
Kari Pirhonen ◽  
Antti Pekkarinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Distinction ◽  
Bombus Lucorum ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Labial Glands ◽  
Marking Pheromones

Spatial and temporal distribution of the species in the Bombus lucorum species complex, B. lucorum (L.), B. cryptarum (Fabricius) and B. magnus Vogt, were studied in Finland. Morphological distinction between the species is not as clear as in Central Europe, but B. lucorum can be distinguished from the other two with the help of enzyme genetic markers. B. lucorum is the most common of the three species in most of Finland, and B. cryptarum is abundant in the southwestern coastal area and in northern Lapland. B. magnus was only rarely found among the spring queens in southwestern Finland, and its range possibly restricts to southern and central parts of Finland. A comparison of the chemical composition of the male labial glands and enzyme genotypes shows that males produce species-specific marking pheromones.

scholarly journals Astyanax aff. fasciatus Cuvier, 1819 (Teleostei; Characidae): evidences of a species complex in the upper rio Tibagi basin (Paraná, Brazil)

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Ferreira Artoni ◽  
Oscar Akio Shibatta ◽  
Maria Claudia Gross ◽  
Carlos Henrique Schneider ◽  
Mara Cristina de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Municipal District ◽  
Hybridization Event ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Canonical Variates

Four populations of Astyanax aff. fasciatus of the upper rio Tibagi (municipal district of Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil), had their karyotypes and morphometry analyzed. The cytogenetic data show the occurrence of distinct karyotypes (cytotypes), here named cytotype A, with 2n=48 chromosomes (6m+18sm+14st+10a), cytotype B, with 2n=50 chromosomes (8m+18sm+14st+10a) and cytotype C, with 2n=50 chromosomes (8m+18sm+14st+10a). The distribution pattern of the constitutive heterochromatin was very similar between cytotypes A and B, but diverged in relation to cytotype C. Distinct cytotypes may occur in sympatry in the upper rio Tibagi region, with the exception of the Furna 2 sample, which presents cytotype A exclusively. In addition, a specimen with 2n=49 chromosomes (7m+18sm+14st+10a) was also found and, by the characteristics presented, may be a consequence of a rare hybridization event between cytotypes A and B. The morphometric analyses of canonical variates indicate a consistent isolation of the Furna 2 sample, while the other samples seem to be superimposed, indicating a possible gene flow or even a recent isolation event. This model points to a probable complex of cryptic species in the studied region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document