scholarly journals Measuring language lateralisation with different language tasks: a systematic review

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R. Bradshaw ◽  
Paul A. Thompson ◽  
Alexander C. Wilson ◽  
Dorothy V.M. Bishop ◽  
Zoe V.J. Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Task Design ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Reliability And Robustness ◽  
High Level

Language lateralisation refers to the phenomenon in which one hemisphere (typically the left) shows greater involvement in language functions than the other. Measurement of laterality is of interest both to researchers investigating the neural organisation of the language system and to clinicians needing to establish an individual’s hemispheric dominance for language prior to surgery, as in patients with intractable epilepsy. Recently, there has been increasing awareness of the possibility that different language processes may develop hemispheric lateralisation independently, and to varying degrees. However, it is not always clear whether differences in laterality across language tasks with fMRI are reflective of meaningful variation in hemispheric lateralisation, or simply of trivial methodological differences between paradigms. This systematic review aims to assess different language tasks in terms of the strength, reliability and robustness of the laterality measurements they yield with fMRI, to look at variability that is both dependent and independent of aspects of study design, such as the baseline task, region of interest, and modality of the stimuli. Recommendations are made that can be used to guide task design; however, this review predominantly highlights that the current high level of methodological variability in language paradigms prevents conclusions as to how different language functions may lateralise independently. We conclude with suggestions for future research using tasks that engage distinct aspects of language functioning, whilst being closely matched on non-linguistic aspects of task design (e.g., stimuli, task timings etc); such research could produce more reliable and conclusive insights into language lateralisation. This systematic review was registered as a protocol on Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/5vmpt/.

scholarly journals Methodological considerations in assessment of language lateralisation with fMRI: a systematic review

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R. Bradshaw ◽  
Dorothy V.M. Bishop ◽  
Zoe V.J. Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Laterality

The involvement of the right and left hemispheres in mediating language functions has been measured in a variety of ways over the centuries since the relative dominance of the left hemisphere was first known. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) presents a useful non-invasive method of assessing lateralisation that is being increasingly used in clinical practice and research. However, the methods used in the fMRI laterality literature currently are highly variable, making systematic comparisons across studies difficult. Here we consider the different methods of quantifying and classifying laterality that have been used in fMRI studies since 2000, with the aim of determining which give the most robust and reliable measurement. Recommendations are made with a view to informing future research to increase standardisation in fMRI laterality protocols. In particular, the findings reinforce the importance of threshold-independent methods for calculating laterality indices, and the benefits of assessing heterogeneity of language laterality across multiple regions of interest and tasks. This systematic review was registered as a protocol on Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/hyvc4/.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Normative Studies Using Images of Common Objects

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Souza ◽  
Margarida V. Garrido ◽  
Joana C. Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Culturally Based

Common objects comprise living and non-living things people interact with in their daily-lives. Images depicting common objects are extensively used in different fields of research and intervention, such as linguistics, psychology, and education. Nevertheless, their adequate use requires the consideration of several factors (e.g., item-differences, cultural-context and confounding correlated variables), and careful validation procedures. The current study presents a systematic review of the available published norms for images of common objects. A systematic search using PRISMA guidelines indicated that despite their extensive use, the production of norms for such stimuli with adult populations is quite limited (N = 55), particularly for more ecological images, such as photos (N = 14). Among the several dimensions in which the items were assessed, the most commonly referred in our sample were familiarity, visual complexity and name agreement, illustrating some consistency across the reported dimensions while also indicating the limited examination of other potentially relevant dimensions for image processing. The lack of normative studies simultaneously examining affective, perceptive and semantic dimensions was also documented. The number of such normative studies has been increasing in the last years and published in relevant peer-reviewed journals. Moreover, their datasets and norms have been complying with current open science practices. Nevertheless, they are still scarcely cited and replicated in different linguistic and cultural contexts. The current study brings important theoretical contributions by characterizing images of common objects stimuli and their culturally-based norms while highlighting several important features that are likely to be relevant for future stimuli selection and evaluative procedures. The systematic scrutiny of these normative studies is likely to stimulate the production of new, robust and contextually-relevant normative datasets and to provide tools for enhancing the quality of future research and intervention.

Toward a Two-Dimensional Model of Social Cognition in Clinical Neuropsychology: A Systematic Review of Factor Structure Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurore Etchepare ◽  
Antoinette Prouteau
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
High Level

AbstractObjective: Social cognition has received growing interest in many conditions in recent years. However, this construct still suffers from a considerable lack of consensus, especially regarding the dimensions to be studied and the resulting methodology of clinical assessment. Our review aims to clarify the distinctiveness of the dimensions of social cognition.Method: Based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements, a systematic review was conducted to explore the factor structure of social cognition in the adult general and clinical populations.Results: The initial search provided 441 articles published between January 1982 and March 2017. Eleven studies were included, all conducted in psychiatric populations and/or healthy participants. Most studies were in favor of a two-factor solution. Four studies drew a distinction between low-level (e.g., facial emotion/prosody recognition) and high-level (e.g., theory of mind) information processing. Four others reported a distinction between affective (e.g., facial emotion/prosody recognition) and cognitive (e.g., false beliefs) information processing. Interestingly, attributional style was frequently reported as an additional separate factor of social cognition.Conclusions: Results of factor analyses add further support for the relevance of models differentiating level of information processing (low-vs. high-level) from nature of processed information (affectivevs. cognitive). These results add to a significant body of empirical evidence from developmental, clinical research and neuroimaging studies. We argue the relevance of integrating low-versushigh-level processing with affective and cognitive processing in a two-dimensional model of social cognition that would be useful for future research and clinical practice. (JINS, 2018,24, 391–404)

scholarly journals Peer-Based Social Media Features in Behavior Change Interventions: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheik Mohammad Roushdat Ally Elaheebocus ◽  
Mark Weal ◽  
Leanne Morrison ◽  
Lucy Yardley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND Incorporating social media features into digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs) has the potential to contribute positively to their success. However, the lack of clear design principles to describe and guide the use of these features in behavioral interventions limits cross-study comparisons of their uses and effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to provide a systematic review of DBCIs targeting modifiable behavioral risk factors that have included social media features as part of their intervention infrastructure. A taxonomy of social media features is presented to inform the development, description, and evaluation of behavioral interventions. METHODS Search terms were used in 8 databases to identify DBCIs that incorporated social media features and targeted tobacco smoking, diet and nutrition, physical activities, or alcohol consumption. The screening and review process was performed by 2 independent researchers. RESULTS A total of 5264 articles were screened, and 143 articles describing a total of 134 studies were retained for full review. The majority of studies (70%) reported positive outcomes, followed by 28% finding no effects with regard to their respective objectives and hypothesis, and 2% of the studies found that their interventions had negative outcomes. Few studies reported on the association between the inclusion of social media features and intervention effect. A taxonomy of social media features used in behavioral interventions has been presented with 36 social media features organized under 7 high-level categories. The taxonomy has been used to guide the analysis of this review. CONCLUSIONS Although social media features are commonly included in DBCIs, there is an acute lack of information with respect to their effect on outcomes and a lack of clear guidance to inform the selection process based on the features’ suitability for the different behaviors. The proposed taxonomy along with the set of recommendations included in this review will support future research aimed at isolating and reporting the effects of social media features on DBCIs, cross-study comparisons, and evaluations.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Role of Sugar-Free Chewing Gum in Dental Caries

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
J.T. Newton ◽  
O. Awojobi ◽  
M. Nasseripour ◽  
F. Warburton ◽  
S. Di Giorgio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Caries Prevention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level

Objective: To determine the difference in level of dental caries in adults and children who chew sugar-free gum (SFG), compared with those who do not chew SFG or use alternatives such as lozenges, candies, rinses, tablets, and other nonchewing controls. Methods: Systematic review of published literature. Results: Twelve studies of interventions of SFG for dental caries outcomes were included. SFGs were found to significantly reduce caries increment, giving a preventative fraction (PF) of 28% (95% CI, 7% to 48%). Including the 8 trials that used xylitol gum only as the basis of the intervention, the PF was 33% (95% CI, 4% to 61%). No adverse effects were recorded. There was a high level of heterogeneity among the trials included. Conclusion: The findings of this review provide tentative evidence that chewing SFG reduces caries increment in comparison to nonchewing controls. However, there is a considerable degree of variability in the effect and the trials included were generally of moderate quality. There is a need for future research to explore the acceptability and feasibility of the use of SFG as a public health intervention (PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018094676). Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians when deciding how best to implement dental caries prevention regimes for their patients. With consideration of cost and patient preference, this information could help to develop national policy directives on caries prevention and dictate the direction of future clinical research.

Presurgical Language Mapping

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen B. McDermott ◽  
Jason M. Watson ◽  
Jeffrey G. Ojemann
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Language Mapping ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

Neurosurgical procedures for tumors or intractable epilepsy are often accompanied by risk to postoperative cognitive function; surgery in the left temporal or frontal lobes, for example, can place language functions at risk. Hence, prior to tissue extraction, one common surgical goal is to attempt to identify frontal and temporal regions that should be spared in order to preserve language function. We describe how basic research on false memory for word lists has led to a novel approach for identifying such language-related regions in healthy controls. That is, rapid presentation of semantically related words (e.g., bed, rest, awake) and phonologically related words (e.g., peep, weep, heap) with instructions to attend to relations among the words elicits activity in underlying language networks. Furthermore, it is often possible to identify the neural underpinnings of these networks in an individual person in about an hour of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. We conclude by suggesting directions for future research with this lexical-processing protocol, the overarching goal being to link basic cognitive science and clinical practice.

scholarly journals Improving Reading Through Videogames and Digital Apps: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Ostiz-Blanco ◽  
Javier Bernacer ◽  
Irati Garcia-Arbizu ◽  
Patricia Diaz-Sanchez ◽  
Luz Rello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
First Language ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
And Control

Background: The use of electronic interventions to improve reading is becoming a common resource. This systematic review aims to describe the main characteristics of randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies that have used these tools to improve first-language reading, in order to highlight the features of the most reliable studies and guide future research.Methods: The whole procedure followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered before starting the process (doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/CKM4N). Searches in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and an institutional reference aggregator (Unika) yielded 6,230 candidate articles. After duplicate removal, screening, and compliance of eligibility criteria, 55 studies were finally included.Results: They were research studies on improving first-language reading, both in children and adults, and including a control group. Thirty-three different electronic tools were employed, most of them in English, and studies were very diverse in sample size, length of intervention, and control tasks. Risk of bias was analyzed with the PEDro scale, and all studies had a medium or low risk. However, risk of bias due to conflicts of interest could not be evaluated in most studies, since they did not include a statement on this issue.Conclusion: Future research on this topic should include randomized intervention and control groups, with sample sizes over 65 per group, interventions longer than 15 h, and a proper disclosure of possible conflicts of interest.Systematic Review Registration: The whole procedure followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered before starting the process in the Open Science Framework (doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/CKM4N).

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews on the Epidemiology, Evaluation, and Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
Hye Chang Rhim ◽  
Jangwon Kwon ◽  
Jewel Park ◽  
Joanne Borg-Stein ◽  
Adam S. Tenforde
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Shockwave Therapy ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
High Level ◽  
Meta Analyses

The number of systematic review and meta-analyses on plantar fasciitis is expanding. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive summary of reviews on the topic pertaining to plantar fasciitis, identify any conflicting and inconsistent results, and propose future research direction. A qualitative review of all systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to plantar fasciitis up to February 2021 was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database. A total of 1052 articles were initially identified and 96 met the inclusion criteria. Included articles were summarized and divided into the following topics: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. While the majority of reviews had high level of heterogeneity and included a small number of studies, there was general consensus on certain topics, such as BMI as a risk factor for plantar fasciitis and extracorporeal shockwave therapy as an effective mode of therapy. A qualitative summary of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published on plantar fasciitis provides a single source of updated information for clinicians. Evidence on topics such as the epidemiology, exercise therapy, or cost-effectiveness of treatment options for plantar fasciitis are lacking and warrant future research.

Telepractice for Adult Speech-Language Pathology Services: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Weidner ◽  
Joneen Lowman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Delivery Model ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Screening Assessment

Purpose We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding adult telepractice services (screening, assessment, and treatment) from approximately 2014 to 2019. Method Thirty-one relevant studies were identified from a literature search, assessed for quality, and reported. Results Included studies illustrated feasibility, efficacy, diagnostic accuracy, and noninferiority of various speech-language pathology services across adult populations, including chronic aphasia, Parkinson's disease, dysphagia, and primary progressive aphasia. Technical aspects of the equipment and software used to deliver services were discussed. Some general themes were noted as areas for future research. Conclusion Overall, results of the review continue to support the use of telepractice as an appropriate service delivery model in speech-language pathology for adults. Strong research designs, including experimental control, across multiple well-described settings are still needed to definitively determine effectiveness of telepractice services.

Power of Modified Brown-Forsythe and Mixed-Model Approaches in Split-Plot Designs

Methodology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Livacic-Rojas ◽  
Guillermo Vallejo ◽  
Paula Fernández ◽  
Ellián Tuero-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Low precision of the inferences of data analyzed with univariate or multivariate models of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in repeated-measures design is associated to the absence of normality distribution of data, nonspherical covariance structures and free variation of the variance and covariance, the lack of knowledge of the error structure underlying the data, and the wrong choice of covariance structure from different selectors. In this study, levels of statistical power presented the Modified Brown Forsythe (MBF) and two procedures with the Mixed-Model Approaches (the Akaike’s Criterion, the Correctly Identified Model [CIM]) are compared. The data were analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation method with the statistical package SAS 9.2, a split-plot design, and considering six manipulated variables. The results show that the procedures exhibit high statistical power levels for within and interactional effects, and moderate and low levels for the between-groups effects under the different conditions analyzed. For the latter, only the Modified Brown Forsythe shows high level of power mainly for groups with 30 cases and Unstructured (UN) and Autoregressive Heterogeneity (ARH) matrices. For this reason, we recommend using this procedure since it exhibits higher levels of power for all effects and does not require a matrix type that underlies the structure of the data. Future research needs to be done in order to compare the power with corrected selectors using single-level and multilevel designs for fixed and random effects.

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