scholarly journals Cryptic biodiversity and phylogeographic patterns of Seychellois Ligia isopods

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Santamaria ◽  
Joanna K. Bluemel ◽  
Nancy Bunbury ◽  
Melinda Curran
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
Cryptic Biodiversity ◽  
Intertidal Habitats

Ligia isopods are conspicuous inhabitants of rocky intertidal habitats exhibiting several biological traits that severely limit their dispersal potential. Their presence in patchy habitats and low vagility may lead to long term isolation, allopatric isolation and possible cryptic speciation. Indeed, various species of Ligia have been suggested to represent instead cryptic species complexes. Past studies; however, have largely focused in Eastern Pacific and Atlantic species of Ligia, leaving in doubt whether cryptic diversity occurs in other highly biodiverse areas. The Seychelles consists of 115 islands of different ages and geological origins spread across the western Indian Ocean. They are well known for their rich biodiversity with recent reports of cryptic species in terrestrial Seychellois organisms. Despite these studies, it is unclear whether coastal invertebrates from the Seychelles harbor any cryptic diversity. In this study, we examined patterns of genetic diversity and isolation within Ligia isopods across the Seychelles archipelago by characterizing individuals from locations across both inner and outer islands of the Seychelles using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We report the presence of highly divergent lineages of independent origin. At Aldabra Atoll, we uncovered a lineage closely related to the Ligia vitiensis cryptic species complex. Within the inner islands of Cousine, Silhouette, and Mahé we detected the presence of two moderately divergent and geographically disjunct lineages most closely related to Ligia dentipes. Our findings suggest that the Seychelles may harbor at least three novel species of Ligia in need of description and that these species may have originated independently.

scholarly journals Cryptic biodiversity and phylogeographic patterns of Seychellois Ligia isopods

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A Santamaria ◽  
Joanna K Bluemel ◽  
Nancy Bunbury ◽  
Melinda Curran
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
Cryptic Biodiversity ◽  
Intertidal Habitats

Ligia isopods are conspicuous inhabitants of rocky intertidal habitats exhibiting several biological traits that severely limit their dispersal potential. Their presence in patchy habitats and low vagility may lead to long term isolation, allopatric isolation and possible cryptic speciation. Indeed, various species of Ligia have been suggested to represent instead cryptic species complexes. Past studies; however, have largely focused in Eastern Pacific and Atlantic species of Ligia, leaving in doubt whether cryptic diversity occurs in other highly biodiverse areas. The Seychelles consists of 115 islands of different ages and geological origins spread across the western Indian Ocean. They are well known for their rich biodiversity with recent reports of cryptic species in terrestrial Seychellois organisms. Despite these studies, it is unclear whether coastal invertebrates from the Seychelles harbor any cryptic diversity. In this study, we examined patterns of genetic diversity and isolation within Ligia isopods across the Seychelles archipelago by characterizing individuals from locations across both inner and outer islands of the Seychelles using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We report the presence of highly divergent lineages of independent origin. At Aldabra Atoll, we uncovered a lineage closely related to the Ligia vitiensis cryptic species complex. Within the inner islands of Cousine, Silhouette, and Mahé we detected the presence of two moderately divergent and geographically disjunct lineages most closely related to Ligia dentipes. Our findings suggest that the Seychelles may harbor at least three novel species of Ligia in need of description and that these species may have originated independently.

scholarly journals Cryptic biodiversity and phylogeographic patterns of Seychellois Ligia isopods

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A Santamaria ◽  
Joanna K Bluemel ◽  
Nancy Bunbury ◽  
Melinda Curran
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
Cryptic Biodiversity ◽  
Intertidal Habitats

Ligia isopods are conspicuous inhabitants of rocky intertidal habitats exhibiting several biological traits that severely limit their dispersal potential. Their presence in patchy habitats and low vagility may lead to long term isolation, allopatric isolation and possible cryptic speciation. Indeed, various species of Ligia have been suggested to represent instead cryptic species complexes. Past studies; however, have largely focused in Eastern Pacific and Atlantic species of Ligia, leaving in doubt whether cryptic diversity occurs in other highly biodiverse areas. The Seychelles consists of 115 islands of different ages and geological origins spread across the western Indian Ocean. They are well known for their rich biodiversity with recent reports of cryptic species in terrestrial Seychellois organisms. Despite these studies, it is unclear whether coastal invertebrates from the Seychelles harbor any cryptic diversity. In this study, we examined patterns of genetic diversity and isolation within Ligia isopods across the Seychelles archipelago by characterizing individuals from locations across both inner and outer islands of the Seychelles using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We report the presence of highly divergent lineages of independent origin. At Aldabra Atoll, we uncovered a lineage closely related to the Ligia vitiensis cryptic species complex. Within the inner islands of Cousine, Silhouette, and Mahé we detected the presence of two moderately divergent and geographically disjunct lineages most closely related to Ligia dentipes. Our findings suggest that the Seychelles may harbor at least three novel species of Ligia in need of description and that these species may have originated independently.

scholarly journals Molecular approaches uncover cryptic diversity in intertidalLigiaisopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Ligiidae) across the southern Africa coastline

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor M. Greenan ◽  
Charles L. Griffiths ◽  
Carlos A. Santamaria
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
The World ◽  
Mitochondrial And Nuclear Markers

Recent phylogeographic studies along the coastline of southern Africa have uncovered cryptic diversity in several coastal invertebrates, including direct developing crustaceans in the superorder Peracarida. These findings indicating the possible existence of additional cryptic diversity in other yet to be studied peracarids, particularly those known to harbor said cryptic diversity in other regions of the world. Isopods in the genusLigiaare one such taxon. They inhabit patchy rocky beaches, are direct developers, avoid the open water, and exhibit other biological traits that severely constrain their dispersal potential (e.g., poor desiccation resistance). These traits are thought to have led to long-term isolation of populations, and allopatric diversification inLigiaspecies around the world; however,Ligiaspecies in southern Africa, where three endemicLigiaspecies of uncertain validity are known to exist, remain unstudied to date. In this study, we used mitochondrial and nuclear markers to characterizeLigiacollected in 18 localities from Namibia to the KwaZulu-Natal region of South Africa. We report the presence of cryptic lineages withinLigiaspecies in the region that suggest the need for taxonomic reevaluation of these isopod species.

scholarly journals Flatfoot in Africa, the cirripede Chthamalus in the west Indian Ocean

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11710
Author(s):  
Noa Simon-Blecher ◽  
Avi Jacob ◽  
Oren Levy ◽  
Lior Appelbaum ◽  
Shiran Elbaz-Ifrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The West ◽  
African Species ◽  
West Indian Ocean

Barnacles of the genus Chthamalus are commonly encountered rocky intertidal shores. The phylogeography of the different species in the Western Indian Ocean is unclear. Using morphological characteristics as well as the molecular markers mitochondrial cytochrome oxygenase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear sodium-potassium ATPase (NaKA), we identified four clades representing four species in the Western Indian Ocean and its adjacent seas. Among these species, a newly identified species, Chthamalus barilani, which was found in Madagascar, Zanzibar and Tanzania. Chthamalus from the coasts of Tanzania and Zanzibar is identified morphologically as C. malayensis, and clusters with C. malayensis from the Western Pacific and the Indo Malayan regions. C. malayensis is regarded as a group of four genetically differentiated clades representing four cryptic species. The newly identified African clade is genetically different from these clades and the pairwise distances between them justify the conclusion that it is an additional cryptic species of C. malayensis. This type of genetic analyses offers an advantage over morphological characterization and allowed us to reveal that another species, C. barnesi, which is known from the Red Sea, is also distributed in the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. We could also confirm the presence of the South African species C. dentatus in the Mozambique channel. This represents the Northeastern limit of C. dentatus, which is usually distributed along the coast of southern Africa up to the Islands of Cape Verde in West Africa. Altogether, based on a combination of morphology and genetics, we distinct between four clusters of Chthamalus, and designate their distribution in the West Indian Ocean. These distinctions do not agree with the traditional four groups reported previously based merely on morphological data. Furthermore, these findings underline the importance of a combining morphological and genetics tools for constructing barnacle taxonomy.

scholarly journals First records of the fanged frogs Limnonectes bannaensis Ye, Fei & Jiang, 2007 and L. utara Matsui, Belabut & Ahmad, 2014 (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatmongkon Suwannapoom ◽  
Ke Jiang ◽  
Yun-He Wu ◽  
Parinya Pawangkhanant ◽  
Sengvilay Lorphengsy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex

The taxonomic status of the Thai populations belonging to the Limnonectes kuhlii species complex is controversial, due to phenotypic similarity in the cryptic species complex. Recently, some studies on this group in Thailand have discovered four new species: L. taylori, L. megastomias, L. jarujini and L. isanensis. Even so, the diversity of this group is still incomplete. Based on an integrative approach encompassing genetic and morphological analyses, we conclude that the Limnonectes populations from Nan Province (northern) and Yala Province (southern) of Thailand are conspecific with L. bannaensis Ye, Fei & Jiang, 2007 and L. utara Matsui, Belabut & Ahmad, 2014, respectively. These are the first records of these species in Thailand. Our study highlights the importance of using DNA sequence data in combination with morphological data to accurately document species identity and diversity. This is especially important for morphologically cryptic species complexes and sympatrically occurring congeners.

Resolution of three cryptic agricultural pests (Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa, Diptera: Tephritidae) using cuticular hydrocarbon profiling

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vaníčková ◽  
M. Virgilio ◽  
A. Tomčala ◽  
R. Břízová ◽  
S. Ekesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ceratitis Fasciventris ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

AbstractDiscrimination of particular species within the species complexes of tephritid fruit flies is a very challenging task. In this fruit-fly family, several complexes of cryptic species have been reported, including the African cryptic species complex (FAR complex). Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) appear to be an excellent tool for chemotaxonomical discrimination of these cryptic species. In the present study, CHC profiles have been used to discriminate among three important agricultural pests from the FAR complex, Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis anonae and Ceratitis rosa. Hexane body surface extracts of mature males and females were analyzed by two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and differences in CHC profiles between species and sexes tested through multivariate statistics and compared with species identification by means of microsatellite markers. Quantitative as well as qualitative CHC profile differences between sexes and species are reported. The CHC profiles consisted of a mixture of linear, internally methyl-branched and mono-, di- and tri-unsaturated alkanes. Twelve compounds were pinpointed as potential chemotaxonomical markers. The present study shows that presence or absence of particular CHCs might be used in the chemical diagnosis of the FAR complex. Moreover, our results represent an important first step in the development of a useful chemotaxonomic tool for cryptic species identification of these important agricultural pests.

scholarly journals Phylogeography and cryptic diversity of intertidal Ligia isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Ligiidae) across the southern Africa coastline

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor M Greenan ◽  
Charles L Griffiths ◽  
Carlos A Santamaria
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Biogeographic Provinces ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Biogeographic Regions

The extensive coastlines of South Africa and Namibia extends from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean and encompass several major biogeographic provinces, each characterized by unique faunal and floral assemblages. Recent biogeographic studies have led to competing biogeographic models of the southern African coastline. This has stimulated phylogeographic work to determine whether the distribution of genetic diversity within coastal invertebrate species match the proposed biogeographic regions. The lack of congruence between studies and the discovery of cryptic diversity indicating the possible existence of cryptic species in coastal isopods in the region underscore the need for additional phylogeographic research in southern Africa, particularly for organisms that have been shown to both harbor cryptic diversity and to retain signatures of past geological and oceanographic processes in their phylogeographic patterns. Isopods in the genus Ligia exhibit several biological traits that suggest they may be informative on phylogeographic patterns. They inhabit patchy rocky beaches, are direct developers, avoid the open water, and exhibit several biological traits that severely constrain their dispersal potential (e.g. poor desiccation resistance). These traits are thought to lead to long term isolation of populations, the retention of geological and oceanographic signatures in phylogeographic patterns of Ligia, and the presence of cryptic lineages. In this study, we used mitochondrial and nuclear markers to characterize Ligia collected in 18 localities across Namibia to the KwaZulu-Natal region of South Africa. We report the presence of cryptic lineages within Ligia species in the region, as well as distributional patterns that differ from those reported from other coastal taxa, but that broadly matches a widely used biogeographic model for the region.

scholarly journals Description of three new species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) using species delimitation in an integrative taxonomy approach for a cryptic species complex

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11304
Author(s):  
Simeão S. Moraes ◽  
Ygor Montebello ◽  
Mariana A. Stanton ◽  
Lydia Fumiko Yamaguchi ◽  
Massuo J. Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Host Plant Use

The genus Eois Hübner (Geometridae: Larentiinae) comprises 254 valid species, 217 of which were described from the Neotropics and 31 of those having their type locality in Brazil. Since this species rich genus has never been revised, and may potentially include many cryptic undescribed species, Eois embodies a problematic taxonomic scenario. The actual diversity of Eois is greatly underestimated and the Brazilian fauna is poorly known, both because of inadequate sampling and because of the potential existence of cryptic species "hidden" within some nominal taxa. In this study we investigated the diversity within a cryptic species complexes associated to the E. pallidicosta and E. odatis clades. We describe three new species Eois oya Moraes & Montebello sp. nov., Eois ewa Moraes & Stanton sp. nov., and Eois oxum Moraes & Freitas sp. nov., in an integrative taxonomy approach, using morphology, host plant use and species delimitation tools.

scholarly journals Phylogeography and cryptic diversity of intertidal Ligia isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Ligiidae) across the southern Africa coastline

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor M Greenan ◽  
Charles L Griffiths ◽  
Carlos A Santamaria
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Biogeographic Provinces ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Biogeographic Regions

The extensive coastlines of South Africa and Namibia extends from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean and encompass several major biogeographic provinces, each characterized by unique faunal and floral assemblages. Recent biogeographic studies have led to competing biogeographic models of the southern African coastline. This has stimulated phylogeographic work to determine whether the distribution of genetic diversity within coastal invertebrate species match the proposed biogeographic regions. The lack of congruence between studies and the discovery of cryptic diversity indicating the possible existence of cryptic species in coastal isopods in the region underscore the need for additional phylogeographic research in southern Africa, particularly for organisms that have been shown to both harbor cryptic diversity and to retain signatures of past geological and oceanographic processes in their phylogeographic patterns. Isopods in the genus Ligia exhibit several biological traits that suggest they may be informative on phylogeographic patterns. They inhabit patchy rocky beaches, are direct developers, avoid the open water, and exhibit several biological traits that severely constrain their dispersal potential (e.g. poor desiccation resistance). These traits are thought to lead to long term isolation of populations, the retention of geological and oceanographic signatures in phylogeographic patterns of Ligia, and the presence of cryptic lineages. In this study, we used mitochondrial and nuclear markers to characterize Ligia collected in 18 localities across Namibia to the KwaZulu-Natal region of South Africa. We report the presence of cryptic lineages within Ligia species in the region, as well as distributional patterns that differ from those reported from other coastal taxa, but that broadly matches a widely used biogeographic model for the region.

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