scholarly journals Gene expression of benthic amphipods (genus: Diporeia) in relation to a circular ssDNA virus across two Laurentian Great Lakes

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalia S.I. Bistolas ◽  
Lars G. Rudstam ◽  
Ian Hewson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Transcriptional Profile ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Dna Viruses

Circular rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS-DNA) viruses are common constituents of invertebrate viral consortia. Despite their ubiquity and sequence diversity, the effects of CRESS-DNA viruses on invertebrate biology and ecology remain largely unknown. This study assessed the relationship between the transcriptional profile of benthic amphipods of genus Diporeia and the presence of the CRESS-DNA virus, LM29173, in the Laurentian Great Lakes to provide potential insight into the influence of these viruses on invertebrate gene expression. Twelve transcriptomes derived from Diporeia were compared, representing organisms from two amphipod haplotype clades (Great Lakes Michigan and Superior, defined by COI barcode sequencing) with varying viral loads (up to 3 × 106 genome copies organism−1). Read recruitment to de novo assembled transcripts revealed 2,208 significantly over or underexpressed contigs in transcriptomes with above average LM29173 load. Of these contigs, 31.5% were assigned a putative function. The greatest proportion of annotated, differentially expressed transcripts were associated with functions including: (1) replication, recombination, and repair, (2) cell structure/biogenesis, and (3) post-translational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones. Contigs putatively associated with innate immunity displayed no consistent pattern of expression, though several transcripts were significantly overexpressed in amphipods with high viral load. Quantitation (RT-qPCR) of target transcripts, non-muscular myosin heavy chain, β-actin, and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, corroborated transcriptome analysis and indicated that Lake Michigan and Lake Superior amphipods with high LM29173 load exhibit lake-specific trends in gene expression. While this investigation provides the first comparative survey of the transcriptional profile of invertebrates of variable CRESS-DNA viral load, additional inquiry is required to define the scope of host-specific responses to potential infection.

scholarly journals Are the Laurentian Great Lakes great enough for Hjort?

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 2242-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Janssen ◽  
J. Ellen Marsden ◽  
Thomas R. Hrabik ◽  
Jason D. Stockwell
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Freshwater Lakes ◽  
Fish Predator

Abstract Hjort's insights on marine fish recruitment and larval fish advection are presumed not applicable to freshwater lakes because most freshwater lakes are small. The Laurentian Great Lakes (LGL), however, are large enough for certain oceanic-type hydrodynamics, such as strong currents and upwelling, to affect the distribution and survival of larval fish and thus fall under Hjort's purview. However, there are evolutionary constraints because LGL species underwent an evolutionary bottleneck during glaciation, ∼10 000 years BP. We consider three narratives pertinent to both the spatial scale and the evolutionary time-scale of the LGL. The first reviews recent evidence of offshore advection and subsequent cross-lake dispersal of larval and juvenile yellow perch, a coastal demersal species in Lake Michigan. The second narrative suggests that biotic interactions, rather than spatial scale itself, could account for the transition in the critical period of Lake Michigan yellow perch period from a juvenile to a larval critical period. In the third narrative, we consider whether the deep LGL lack a significant native pelagic larval fish predator. We propose that the LGL, in combination with the older World's Great Lakes, present an opportunity to explore evolution and adaptation of fish to oceanic type physical conditions.

scholarly journals Distribution of circular single-stranded DNA viruses associated with benthic amphipods of genusDiporeiain the Laurentian Great Lakes

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1220-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalia S. I. Bistolas ◽  
Elliot W. Jackson ◽  
James M. Watkins ◽  
Lars G. Rudstam ◽  
Ian Hewson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Single Stranded Dna ◽  
Dna Viruses

scholarly journals Regulatory Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 for Transcriptional Activity of ADD1/SREBP1c

2004 ◽  
Vol 279 (50) ◽  
pp. 51999-52006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Ho Kim ◽  
Min Jeong Song ◽  
Eung Jae Yoo ◽  
Sung Sik Choe ◽  
Sang Dai Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Adipocyte determination- and differentiation-dependent factor 1 (ADD1) plays important roles in lipid metabolism and insulin-dependent gene expression. Because insulin stimulates carbohydrate and lipid synthesis, it would be important to decipher how the transcriptional activity of ADD1/SREBP1c is regulated in the insulin signaling pathway. In this study, we demonstrated that glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of ADD1/SREBP1c. GSK3 inhibitors enhanced a transcriptional activity of ADD1/SREBP1c and expression of ADD1/SREBP1c target genes including fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and steroyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in adipocytes and hepatocytes. In contrast, overexpression of GSK3β down-regulated the transcriptional activity of ADD1/SREBP1c. GSK3 inhibitor-mediated ADD1/SREBP1c target gene activation did not requirede novoprotein synthesis, implying that GSK3 might affect transcriptional activity of ADD1/SREBP1c at the level of post-translational modification. Additionally, we demonstrated that GSK3 efficiently phosphorylated ADD1/SREBP1cin vitroandin vivo. Therefore, these data suggest that GSK3 inactivation is crucial to confer stimulated transcriptional activity of ADD1/SREBP1c for insulin-dependent gene expression, which would coordinate lipid and glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals How Many Ciscoes are Needed for Stocking in the Laurentian Great Lakes?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Rook ◽  
Michael J. Hansen ◽  
Charles R. Bronte
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Saginaw Bay ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Coregonus Artedi

Historically, Cisco Coregonus artedi and deepwater ciscoes Coregonus spp. were the most abundant and ecologically important fish species in the Laurentian Great Lakes, but anthropogenic influences caused nearly all populations to collapse by the 1970s. Fishery managers have begun exploring the feasibility of restoring populations throughout the basin, but questions regarding hatchery propagation and stocking remain. We used historical and contemporary stock-recruit parameters previously estimated for Ciscoes in Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior, with estimates of age-1 Cisco rearing habitat (broadly defined as total ha ≤ 80 m depth) and natural mortality, to estimate how many fry (5.5 months post-hatch), fall fingerling (7.5 months post-hatch), and age-1 (at least 12 months post-hatch) hatchery-reared Ciscoes are needed for stocking in the Great Lakes to mimic recruitment rates in Lake Superior, a lake that has undergone some recovery. Estimated stocking densities suggested that basin-wide stocking would require at least 0.641-billion fry, 0.469-billion fall fingerlings, or 0.343-billion age-1 fish for a simultaneous restoration effort targeting historically important Cisco spawning and rearing areas in Lakes Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario, and Saint Clair. Numbers required for basin-wide stocking were considerably greater than current or planned coregonine production capacity, thus simultaneous stocking in the Great Lakes is likely not feasible. Provided current habitat conditions do not preclude Cisco restoration, managers could maximize the effectiveness of available production capacity by concentrating stocking efforts in historically important spawning and rearing areas, similar to the current stocking effort in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. Other historically important Cisco spawning and rearing areas within each lake (listed in no particular order) include: (1) Thunder Bay in Lake Huron, (2) Green Bay in Lake Michigan, (3) the islands near Sandusky, Ohio, in western Lake Erie, and (4) the area near Hamilton, Ontario, and Bay of Quinte in Lake Ontario. Our study focused entirely on Ciscoes but may provide a framework for describing future stocking needs for deepwater ciscoes.

scholarly journals Temperature and Nutrient Levels Correspond with Lineage-Specific Microdiversification in the Ubiquitous and Abundant Freshwater Genus Limnohabitans

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Props ◽  
Vincent J. Denef
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Nutrient Levels

ABSTRACT Most freshwater bacterial communities are characterized by a few dominant taxa that are often ubiquitous across freshwater biomes worldwide. Our understanding of the genomic diversity within these taxonomic groups is limited to a subset of taxa. Here, we investigated the genomic diversity that enables Limnohabitans, a freshwater genus key in funneling carbon from primary producers to higher trophic levels, to achieve abundance and ubiquity. We reconstructed eight putative Limnohabitans metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from stations located along broad environmental gradients existing in Lake Michigan, part of Earth’s largest surface freshwater system. De novo strain inference analysis resolved a total of 23 strains from these MAGs, which strongly partitioned into two habitat-specific clusters with cooccurring strains from different lineages. The largest number of strains belonged to the abundant LimB lineage, for which robust in situ strain delineation had not previously been achieved. Our data show that temperature and nutrient levels may be important environmental parameters associated with microdiversification within the Limnohabitans genus. In addition, strains predominant in low- and high-phosphorus conditions had larger genomic divergence than strains abundant under different temperatures. Comparative genomics and gene expression analysis yielded evidence for the ability of LimB populations to exhibit cellular motility and chemotaxis, a phenotype not yet associated with available Limnohabitans isolates. Our findings broaden historical marker gene-based surveys of Limnohabitans microdiversification and provide in situ evidence of genome diversity and its functional implications across freshwater gradients. IMPORTANCE Limnohabitans is an important bacterial taxonomic group for cycling carbon in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Here, we examined the genomic diversity of different Limnohabitans lineages. We focused on the LimB lineage of this genus, which is globally distributed and often abundant, and its abundance has shown to be largely invariant to environmental change. Our data show that the LimB lineage is actually comprised of multiple cooccurring populations for which the composition and genomic characteristics are associated with variations in temperature and nutrient levels. The gene expression profiles of this lineage suggest the importance of chemotaxis and motility, traits that had not yet been associated with the Limnohabitans genus, in adapting to environmental conditions.

Vertical and Seasonal Distribution of Chlorophyll a in Lake Michigan

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2280-2287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur S. Brooks ◽  
Byron G. Torke
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Deep Chlorophyll Maximum ◽  
Phytoplankton Dynamics ◽  
Chain Dynamics ◽  
Offshore Station

Vertical and seasonal distribution of chlorophyll a was observed for 2 yr at an offshore station in Lake Michigan. Chlorophyll a concentrations increased uniformly at all depths during spring reaching 3–4 mg/m3 by late May. Thermal stratification was followed by development of a subthermocline chlorophyll peak between 10 and 30 m that reached 8.5 mg/m3 by late July. The major subthermocline peak collapsed in mid-August but was followed by two lesser peaks at depths of 10 and 30 m. Autumn mixing dispersed these peaks in the mixed layer, increasing the chlorophyll content of the epilimnion at a time when integral chlorophyll levels were declining. At fall overturn chlorophyll concentrations were uniformly distributed at approximately 1 mg/m3, where they remained throughout the winter. The presence of a deep chlorophyll maximum in Lake Michigan adds a new dimension to limnological studies of the Great Lakes. The influence of this peak must be considered in future investigations of food chain dynamics and eutrophication processes in the Great Lakes system. Key words: Laurentian Great Lakes, limnology, chlorophyll a, spatial distribution, phytoplankton dynamics

scholarly journals Present and future Laurentian Great Lakes hydroclimatic conditions as simulated by regional climate models with an emphasis on Lake Michigan-Huron

2015 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Music ◽  
Anne Frigon ◽  
Brent Lofgren ◽  
Richard Turcotte ◽  
Jean-François Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes

scholarly journals Pantothenate biosynthesis is critical for chronic infection by the neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Lunghi ◽  
Joachim Kloehn ◽  
Aarti Krishnan ◽  
Emmanuel Varesio ◽  
Oscar Vadas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Pantothenate Biosynthesis

Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential molecule acting in metabolism, post-translational modification, and regulation of gene expression. While all organisms synthesize CoA, many, including humans, are unable to produce its precursor, pantothenate. Intriguingly, like most plants, fungi and bacteria, parasites of the coccidian subgroup of Apicomplexa, including the human and animal pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, possess all the enzymes required for de novo synthesis of pantothenate. Here, the importance of CoA and pantothenate biosynthesis for the acute and chronic stages of T. gondii infection was dissected through genetic, biochemical and metabolomic approaches, revealing that CoA synthesis is essential for T. gondii tachyzoites, due to the parasite's inability to salvage CoA or intermediates of the pathway. In contrast, de novo pantothenate synthesis was only partially active in T. gondii tachyzoites, making the parasite reliant on Pan uptake. However, Pan synthesis proved to be crucial for the establishment of chronic infection, offering a promising target for intervention against the persistent stage of T. gondii.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document