scholarly journals Hydrology controls recruitment of two invasive cyprinids: bigheaded carp reproduction in a navigable large river

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Gibson-Reinemer ◽  
Levi E. Solomon ◽  
Richard M. Pendleton ◽  
John H. Chick ◽  
Andrew F. Casper
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Large River ◽  
Asian Carp ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Illinois River ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
The Past ◽  
Causative Factors

In the Mississippi River Basin of North America, invasive bigheaded carp (silver carpHypophthalmichthys molitrixand bighead carpH. nobilis, also referred to as Asian carp) have spread rapidly over the past several decades. In the Illinois River, an important tributary of the Upper Mississippi River, reproduction appears to be sporadic and frequently unsuccessful, yet bigheaded carp densities in this river are among the highest recorded on the continent. Understanding the causative factors behind erratic recruitment in this commercially-harvested invasive species is important for both limiting their spread and managing their harvest. We analyzed weekly catch records from 15 years of a standardized monitoring program to document the emergence of age-0 bigheaded carp in relation to environmental conditions. The appearance of age-0 fish was generally linked to hydrographic attributes, which probably serve as a cue for spawning. However, we found profound differences in the number of age-0 fish among years, which varied by as much as five orders of magnitude in successive years. The strong link between summer flooding and age-0 fish production we observed emphasizes the importance of understanding the hydrologic context in which sustained invasions occur. Despite evidence of sporadic recruitment, bigheaded carp populations in the Illinois River appear to be consistent or increasing because of particularly strong, episodic year classes.

scholarly journals Fish distribution, abundance, and behavioral interactions within a large electric dispersal barrier designed to prevent Asian carp movement

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1060-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron D. Parker ◽  
David C. Glover ◽  
Samuel T. Finney ◽  
P. Bradley Rogers ◽  
Jeffrey G. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Asian Carp ◽  
Fish Distribution ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Illinois River ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Peak Voltage ◽  
Electric Barrier

We evaluated the abundance and behavior of wild fish within the electric barrier system in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. This electric barrier system serves to prevent the upstream migration of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) to Lake Michigan from the Illinois River. We found that fish were most abundant below the electric barrier during the summer and fall, were observed near areas of peak voltage, and sometimes persistently challenged the barrier. Fish were relatively scarce within the barrier system during the winter and spring. Fish that were able to penetrate the farthest into the barrier system were smaller and tended to aggregate at the water surface, near the canal walls. The accumulation of fish that we observed below the barrier, and the persistent challenging behavior, raises concerns about breaches any time the barrier is de-energized for maintenance or during intermittent power outages. Entrainment and breach caused by barges traversing the barrier are concerns as well because of the water movements they create and how they alter the electrical field.

Invasive Asian Carps in North America

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Illinois River ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Resource Monitoring ◽  
Asian Carps

Abstract.—Bigheaded carps, including the nonnative bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and the silver carp H. molitrix, have been present in the Illinois River since the mid-1990s. The Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) is part of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Management Program on the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) and has monitored fish communities in La Grange Reach, Illinois River since 1990. Standard LTRMP protocols have collected abundance, age and growth, and maturation and recruitment information for these carps as they have invaded the UMRS. Bigheaded carps have been collected in La Grange Reach by the LTRMP since 1995 and 1998, respectively. Since 2000, LTRMP catches of bigheaded carps have increased, and substantial spawning and recruitment has been evident. Length–frequency distribution analyses for both species have provided insight into growth rates, mean sizes at age, and cohort strength. Maturation schedules of bigheaded carps have been variable during the invasion, yet recruitment was positively correlated with Illinois River flow. The LTRMP provides a unique perspective into the invasion of these species and gives initial insights into possible ecological impacts within a large river basin. Biological and life history data collected by the LTRMP may also be useful in understanding and predicting future effects of bigheaded carps within other water bodies.

scholarly journals Responses of invasive silver and bighead carp to a carbon dioxide barrier in outdoor ponds

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron R. Cupp ◽  
Richard A. Erickson ◽  
Kim T. Fredricks ◽  
Nicholas M. Swyers ◽  
Tyson W. Hatton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Before And After

Resource managers need effective methods to prevent the movement of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) from the Mississippi River basin into the Laurentian Great Lakes. In this study, we evaluated dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) as a barrier and deterrent to silver (278 ± 30.5 mm) and bighead (212 ± 7.7 mm) carp movement in continuous-flow outdoor ponds. As a barrier, CO2 significantly reduced upstream movement but was not 100% effective at blocking fish passage. As a deterrent, we observed a significant shift away from areas of high CO2 relative to normal movement before and after injection. Carbon dioxide concentrations varied across the pond during injection and reached maximum concentrations of 74.5 ± 1.9 mg·L–1 CO2; 29 532 – 41 393 μatm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) at the site of injection during three independent trials. We conclude that CO2 altered silver and bighead carp movement in outdoor ponds and recommend further research to determine barrier effectiveness during field applications.

Modern features of aquaculture of cyprinids in the republic of Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Farhan Yasin Hamed ◽  
Adelia Zakirovna Anokhina ◽  
Natalia Viktorovna Sudakova ◽  
Damelya Kazhigalievna Magzanova
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Fish Farms

It is shown that the leading role in the aquaculture of Iraq belongs to Cyprinids, which account for over 80 % of all fish farming production. The most widespread in the country are four main world species of carp aquaculture: common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). Basically, the traditional technology of growing Cyprinids in ponds is used, which includes the main fish farming processes: care of broodstock to prepare them for spawning, collecting eggs and milt, eggs fertilization and incubation of embryos, raising juveniles and marketable fish. Currently, there are about 2 thousand private fish farms, which have ponds of various sizes from 4 to 100 hectares. Cultivation of Cyprinids in Iraq is carried out mainly by extensive methods: the use of the natural food base of reservoirs with low fish stocking density in polyculture. The fish productivity of ponds varies greatly in different fish farms from 1,5 to 6 t/ha, which is due to economic reasons. The data on changes in the temperature of pond water during the year and hydrochemical indicators are given, which shows favorable conditions for Cyprinids rearing. Information on the use of compound feeds for growing carp in ponds is provided, and data on the composition and nutritional value of the feed used. The fish culture indicators for the main biotechnical processes of the rearing of four Cyprinid species in Iraq are described in detail. In the conclusion, it is indicated that for the effective development of aquaculture in Iraq, government support is needed in the form of a developed long-term program and legislative acts.

Invasive Asian Carps in North America

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Black Carp ◽  
Federal Department ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Asian Carps

<em>Abstract</em>.—There are four species collectively known as the Asian carps: grass carp <em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>, bighead carp <em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</em>, silver carp <em>H. molitrix</em>, and black carp <em>Mylopharyngodon piceus</em>. These species have been introduced worldwide for aquaculture purposes. Subsequent to introduction into the southern United States, three species have become well-established in the wild (grass, bighead, and silver carps). Two of these species, bighead and silver carps, have been dispersing rapidly up the Mississippi River basin, wreaking ecological havoc along the way. As there are numerous connections between the Mississippi basin and Canadian watersheds, including the Great Lakes, there is considerable concern about their potential ecological impacts if introduced and established in Canada. In addition to natural dispersal, these species may also be introduced into the Canadian wild through the live food fish trade. In 2004, the Canadian federal department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada conducted a risk assessment to determine the ecological risk of Asian carps to Canada. This assessment included evaluating the risk of survival, reproduction and spread of these species, as well as their pathogens, parasites, or fellow travelers (e.g. other invasive species), should they be introduced into Canada. These components were assessed in an expert workshop using best available information on their biology, potential vectors of introduction, and impacts in both native and introduced ranges. The assessment concluded that the risk of impact was high in, at least, some parts of Canada, including the southern Great Lakes basin by all four Asian carp species.

Fishery Resources, Environment, and Conservation in the Mississippi and Yangtze (Changjiang) River Basins

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Changjiang River ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Nobilis ◽  
Anthropogenic Modifications

<em>Abstract</em>.—Bighead Carp <em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis </em>and Silver Carp <em>H. molitrix </em>are native in the Yangtze River and extremely important economically and culturally as food fishes; however, the two species have declined due to overfishing and anthropogenic modifications to hydrology and water quality. Bighead Carp and Silver Carp were imported to North America in the early 1970s, escaped confinement, and have now become undesirable and problematic invasive species. The two carps have become the most abundant fish species in many portions of their invaded range, which continues to expand. We compare the biology, status, and management of these species between their natal range in the Yangtze River and their invaded habitats of the Mississippi River basin.

Identification of Bighead Carp and Silver Carp early-life environments and inferring Lock and Dam 19 passage in the Upper Mississippi River: insights from otolith chemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory W. Whitledge ◽  
Brent Knights ◽  
Jon Vallazza ◽  
James Larson ◽  
Michael J. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Upper Mississippi River

scholarly journals Gonad development and reproductive hormones of invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the Illinois River

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-659
Author(s):  
Emily K Tucker ◽  
Megan E Zurliene ◽  
Cory D Suski ◽  
Romana A Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Illinois River ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Spawning Period

Abstract Reproduction is a major component of an animal’s life history strategy. Species with plasticity in their reproductive biology are likely to be successful as an invasive species, as they can adapt their reproductive effort during various phases of a biological invasion. Silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix), an invasive cyprinid in North America, display wide variation in reproductive strategies across both their native and introduced ranges, though the specifics of silver carp reproduction in the Illinois River have not been established. We assessed reproductive status using histological and endocrinological methods in silver carp between April and October 2018, with additional histological data from August to October 2017. Here, we show that female silver carp are batch spawners with asynchronous, indeterminate oocyte recruitment, while male silver carp utilize a determinate pattern of spermatogenesis which ceases in the early summer. High plasma testosterone levels in females could be responsible for regulating oocyte development. Our results suggest that silver carp have high spawning activity in the early summer (May–June), but outside of the peak spawning period, female silver carp can maintain spawning-capable status by adjusting rates of gametogenesis and atresia in response to environmental conditions, while males regress their gonads as early as July. The results of this study are compared to reports of silver carp reproduction in other North American rivers as well as in Asia.

scholarly journals Status of Chinese Carp Fisheries in Tunisian Freshwater Reservoirs: Threats and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 945-953
Author(s):  
Sami Mili ◽  
Rim Ennouri ◽  
Manel Fatnassi ◽  
Tahani Chargui ◽  
Hajer Zarrouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
Canal Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technical Centre

The current paper aims to diagnose the state of fisheries of three Chinese carp species whish have been introduced in Tunisian reservoirs since 1981: (silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, herbivorous carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis) and seeks to study the benefits and risks associated with their introduction. Chinese carps cannot reproduce naturally in freshwater reservoirs. Eventually, artificial breeding operations and seeding of the dams with farm-produced fry are carried out by the Technical Centre of Aquaculture every year. Statistical analyses have shown a strong correlation between the landed quantity and the number of fries stocked each year. The impact assessment showed that the risks and benefits associated with the introduction of the three species are variable. Regarding their benefits, it was clear that the herbivorous carp has provided effective and sustainable control of the extensive development of aquatic vegetation in the eutrophic reservoirs and canal systems. The value of the other two species, though, remains less obvious, particularly for the bighead carp. The consequences of their introduction on ecosystems and native species seem to be negligible, especially when the densities are low. Eventually, it seems judicious to increase the stocking of the herbivorous carp, silver carp and bighead carp in Tunisian reservoirs.

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