scholarly journals Littorally adaptive? Testing the link between habitat, morphology, and reproduction in the intertidal sculpin subfamily Oligocottinae (Pisces: Cottoidea)

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaddaeus J. Buser ◽  
Michael D. Burns ◽  
J. Andrés López
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Primitive State ◽  
Intertidal Habitats ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Depth Ranges ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intertidal Fishes

While intertidal habitats are often productive, species-rich environments, they are also harsh and highly dynamic. Organisms that live in these habitats must possess morphological and physiological adaptations that enable them to do so. Intertidal fishes are generally small, often lack scales, and the diverse families represented in intertidal habitats often show convergence into a few general body shapes. However, few studies have quantified the relationship between phenotypes and intertidal living. Likewise, the diversity of reproductive traits and parental care in intertidal fishes has yet to be compared quantitatively with habitat. We examine the relationship of these characters in the sculpin subfamily Oligocottinae using a phylogenetic hypothesis, geometric morphometrics, and phylogenetic comparative methods to provide the first formal test of associations between fish phenotypes and reproductive characters with intertidal habitats. We show that the ability to live in intertidal habitats, particularly in tide pools, is likely a primitive state for Oligocottinae, with a single species that has secondarily come to occupy only subtidal habitats. Contrary to previous hypotheses, maximum size and presence of scales do not show a statistically significant correlation with depth. However, the maximum size for all species is generally small (250 mm or less) and all show a reduction in scales, as would be expected for an intertidal group. Also contrary to previous hypotheses, we show that copulation and associated characters are the ancestral condition in Oligocottinae, with copulation most likely being lost in a single lineage within the genus Artedius. Lastly, we show that body shape appears to be constrained among species with broader depth ranges, but lineages that occupy only a narrow range of intertidal habitats display novel body shapes, and this may be associated with habitat partitioning, particularly as it relates to the degree of wave exposure.

scholarly journals Littorally adaptive? Testing the link between habitat, morphology, and reproduction in the intertidal sculpin subfamily Oligocottinae (Pisces: Cottoidea)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaddaeus J Buser ◽  
Michael D Burns ◽  
J. Andrés López
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Primitive State ◽  
Intertidal Habitats ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Depth Ranges ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intertidal Fishes

While intertidal habitats are often productive, species-rich environments, they are also harsh and highly dynamic. Organisms that live in these habitats must possess morphological and physiological adaptations that enable them to do so. Intertidal fishes are generally small, often lack scales, and the diverse families represented in intertidal habitats often show convergence into a few general body shapes. However, few studies have quantified the relationship between phenotypes and intertidal living. Likewise, the diversity of reproductive traits and parental care in intertidal fishes has yet to be compared quantitatively with habitat. We examine the relationship of these characters in the sculpin subfamily Oligocottinae using a phylogenetic hypothesis, geometric morphometrics, and phylogenetic comparative methods to provide the first formal test of associations between fish phenotypes and reproductive characters with intertidal habitats. We show that the ability to live in intertidal habitats, particularly in tide pools, is likely a primitive state for Oligocottinae, with a single species that has secondarily come to occupy only subtidal habitats. Contrary to previous hypotheses, maximum size and presence of scales do not show a statistically significant correlation with depth. However, the maximum size for all species is generally small (250mm or less) and all show a reduction in scales, as would be expected for an intertidal group. Also contrary to previous hypotheses, we show that copulation and associated characters are the ancestral condition in Oligocottinae, with copulation most likely being lost in a single lineage within the genus Artedius. Lastly, we show that body shape appears to be constrained among species with broader depth ranges, but lineages that occupy only a narrow range of intertidal habitats display novel body shapes, and this may be associated with habitat partitioning, particularly as it relates to the degree of wave exposure.

scholarly journals Littorally adaptive? Testing the link between habitat, morphology, and reproduction in the intertidal sculpin subfamily Oligocottinae (Pisces: Cottoidea)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaddaeus J Buser ◽  
Michael D Burns ◽  
J. Andrés López
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Primitive State ◽  
Intertidal Habitats ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Depth Ranges ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intertidal Fishes

While intertidal habitats are often productive, species-rich environments, they are also harsh and highly dynamic. Organisms that live in these habitats must possess morphological and physiological adaptations that enable them to do so. Intertidal fishes are generally small, often lack scales, and the diverse families represented in intertidal habitats often show convergence into a few general body shapes. However, few studies have quantified the relationship between phenotypes and intertidal living. Likewise, the diversity of reproductive traits and parental care in intertidal fishes has yet to be compared quantitatively with habitat. We examine the relationship of these characters in the sculpin subfamily Oligocottinae using a phylogenetic hypothesis, geometric morphometrics, and phylogenetic comparative methods to provide the first formal test of associations between fish phenotypes and reproductive characters with intertidal habitats. We show that the ability to live in intertidal habitats, particularly in tide pools, is likely a primitive state for Oligocottinae, with a single species that has secondarily come to occupy only subtidal habitats. Contrary to previous hypotheses, maximum size and presence of scales do not show a statistically significant correlation with depth. However, the maximum size for all species is generally small (250mm or less) and all show a reduction in scales, as would be expected for an intertidal group. Also contrary to previous hypotheses, we show that copulation and associated characters are the ancestral condition in Oligocottinae, with copulation most likely being lost in a single lineage within the genus Artedius. Lastly, we show that body shape appears to be constrained among species with broader depth ranges, but lineages that occupy only a narrow range of intertidal habitats display novel body shapes, and this may be associated with habitat partitioning, particularly as it relates to the degree of wave exposure.

scholarly journals Dynamics of One-Species Populations of Fishes in Ponds Subjected to Cropping and Additional Stocking

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-8) ◽  
pp. 69-165
Author(s):  
Homer Buck ◽  
Charles F. Thoits
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Pomoxis Annularis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Related Population

This report is based on several years of intensive studies of the production and related population dynamics of six kinds of warmwater fishes maintained as single species in 1-acre ponds. Species involved included the largemouth bass, Micropteriis salmoides (Lacepede); smallmouth bass, M. dolomieiii Lacepede; bluegill, Lepomis macrochiriis Rafinesque; yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill); brown bullhead, Ictahiriis uebulosus (LeSueur); and the white crappie, Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque. Most production data published for these species have originated primarily from studies involving complex, multispecies populations. The principal aims of this investigation were to 1 ) increase our knowledge of the carrying capacities of ponds for warmwater fishes, 2) consider the relationship of carrying capacity to standing crop and to rate of production, and 3) measure the influence of controlled population increases and decreases on fish production.

SOME NEW NORTH AMERICAN GENERA AND SPECIES IN THE GROUP FORMERLY CALLED PLATYMETOPIUS (RHYNCHOTA, HOMOPTERA)

1931 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
E. D. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
History Information ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Working Out

The writer has been working on the food plants of the leaf-hoppers for many years and has found in the main the different species of the genus Platymetopius, as commonly recognized, are very closely confined to a single species of plant or to a closely related group. Before it was possible to prepare a list of the food plants in the group it was found necessary to describe a number of new species of which food plant and life history information was available. In working out the relationship of these species, two startling discoveries were made.

scholarly journals Genetic relationship of lactation persistency with milk yield, somatic cell score, reproductive traits, and longevity in Slovak Holstein cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Strapáková ◽  
Juraj Candrák ◽  
Peter Strapák
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Somatic Cell Score ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The objective of this study was to estimate the breeding values (BVs) of lactation persistency, the test day of milk yield, the somatic cell score, reproductive traits (calving interval, days open), longevity in Slovak Holstein dairy cattle. BVs were used for the detection of relationships among the persistency of lactation and other selected traits. Data for the estimation of BVs of milk production and somatic cell score were collected from 855 240 cows. BVs for reproductive traits were estimated for 352 712 cows and for longevity for 528 362 cows. The highest correlations were confirmed between the BV of persistency and the BV of test day milk yield at 100, 200, and 305 days (−0.88, −0.65, and −0.61). Correlations between the BV of lactation persistency and the BV of somatic cell score at day 305 or the BV of somatic cell score persistency were favorable: −0.05 and −0.12, respectively. The relationship between the BV of persistency and the BV of the calving interval or the BV of days open was 0.11 and 0.10 respectively. The selection for the persistency of lactation may not improve longevity because there is no relation between the BV of persistency and the BV of longevity (rg = 0.06).

scholarly journals Correlations between microsatellite DNA heterozygosity and reproductive traits in Large White sows

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (95) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
A. S. Kramarenko ◽  
S. S. Kramarenko ◽  
S. I. Lugovoy ◽  
I. P. Atamanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The main aim of this paper was to determine whether heterozygosity (assessed using microsatellite genotypes) was correlated with the reproductive traits in sows. The study was conducted on two herds of sows of the Large White sows breed at the Limited Liability Company “Tavriys’ki svyni” (Kherson region, Ukraine) and the Agricultural Private Enterprise “Techmet-Yug” (Mykolayiv region, Ukraine). During the study, we used eleven microsatellite loci recommended by International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) – S0101, S0155, S0228, S0355, S0386, Sw24, Sw72, Sw240, Sw857, Sw936 and Sw951. The litter records included information on the total number of piglets born (TNB), number of piglets born alive (NBA), number of stillborn piglets (NSB), frequency of stillborn piglets (FSB), litter size at weaning (NW) in the first five parities. Individual heterozygosity estimates (for each microsatellite loci separately) and microsatellite multilocus heterozygosity (for all used loci) estimates (MLH) were used in our analysis. ANOVA was used to determine the relationship of the dependent effects (reproductive traits) to single locus heterozygosity using two classes: 0 (for homozygous individuals) and 1 (for heterozygous individuals). In addition, the following indicators were calculated for each genotype: the squared distances (d2) between alleles within an individual for each microsatellite loci and mean squared distances (mean d2) between alleles within an individual for 11 microsatellite loci. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to measure the association between d2 (for each microsatellite loci) and reproductive traits in sows. ANOVA on reproductive traits of sows belonging to different MLH and mean d2 classes was also undertaken. For sows from the Agricultural Private Enterprise “‘Techmet-Yug” were observed negative associations between heterozygosity and reproductive traits. We conclude that care should be taken when crossing between different breeders (English and Hungarian selection) to avoid outbreeding depression.

scholarly journals First molecular approach to the octopus fauna from the southern Caribbean

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Ritschard ◽  
Jürgen Guerrero-Kommritz ◽  
Juan A. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Type I ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Southern Caribbean ◽  
The Family ◽  
San Andres ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The octopus fauna from the southern Caribbean is an understudied field. However, recent taxonomic work in the Colombian Caribbean has led to the discovery of several new species in the family Octopodidae. To provide molecular evidence for recent descriptions in the area (i.e., Octopus taganga, O. tayrona and Macrotritopus beatrixi) and contribute to the systematics of the family, we reconstructed the first molecular phylogenies of the family including Colombian Caribbean octopus species. Using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and rhodopsin sequences from specimens collected in three sites (Santa Marta, Old Providence and San Andrés Islands) we inferred maximum-likelihood trees and delimited species with PTP. Our mitochondrial analysis supported the monophyly of species found in the area (i.e., O. taganga, O. hummelincki and O. briareus). The genetic distinction of the species O. tayrona and O. insularis was not resolved, as these were found in one clade together with Caribbean O. vulgaris and O. aff. tayrona species (O. spB) and delimited as a single species. Additionally, our results suggest a distant relationship of the Type I O. vulgaris group (Caribbean region) from the other forms of the species complex (Old World and Brazil). Lastly, the third newly described species M. beatrixi emerged as an independent lineage and was delimited as a single species. However, its relationship to other species of its genus remains unknown due to the lack of sequences in databases. Altogether, our molecular approach to the octopus fauna from the southern Caribbean adds on information to the relationship of Octopodidae species world-wide by providing sequences from recently described species from an understudied region. Further studies employing higher taxon sampling and more molecular information are needed to fill taxonomic gaps in the area and account for single-locus resolution on the systematics of this group.

Taxonomic revison of the Australian genus Caridinides Calman (Crustacea : Decapoda : Atyidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Smith ◽  
WD Williams
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
The Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

All available material of the genus Caridinides has been examined. It is found to belong to a single species, C. wilkinsi, which is redescribed and its known range in Australia extended. Morphological variation is low throughout the range. The relationship of Caridinides to other genera is discussed. The status of Caridinides as a distinct, but monotypic, genus is upheld.

GENETIC CONDITIONS OF COWS REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS DISEASES IN SUBPOPULATIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
V. M. Kuznetsov ◽  
G. B. Revina ◽  
L. I. Astashenkova
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
The Third ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

As a result of the studies, the relationship of reproductive traits with adaptability was revealed, which were characterized by low heritability and were subject to inbred depression. Selection rates increased from generation to generation by an average of 13.8 %, but did not always lead to changes in disease rates. The correlation coefficient between milk yield of cows during the first 305 days of lactation and service period was -0,227± 0,013 (F test of 5.2), the coefficient of the linear regression of service period on milk yield for 305 days of first lactation – 0,45±0,033. A positive correlation (r =+52±0,012) was revealed between the milk yield of full-aged cows during 305 days of lactation and the number of cows eliminated due to infertility. Genetic and environmental factors together exceeded the threshold of adaptability, so the body's ability to resist became weakened. The correlation coefficient for daughter-mother for the duration of the disease +0,33±0,022, age of animals at the beginning of the disease – +0,36±0,021. Coefficients of repeatability gynecological diseases in cows from the first to the second lactation + 0,807, from the second to the third + 0,892, from the first to the third – + 0,454. From the data obtained, it follows that heritability depends on factors, each of which has a relatively small impact on variability and is determined by many genes. Features with a threshold deviation are not related to the efficiency of selection by productivity. Gynecological pathologies in offspring arise under the influence of different alleles systems.

Reproduction and egg guarding by Atlantic wolffish (Anarhichas lupus: Anarhichidae) and ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus: Zoarcidae) in Newfoundland waters

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2565-2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Keats ◽  
G. R. South ◽  
D. H. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Egg Guarding ◽  
Anarhichas Lupus ◽  
Atlantic Wolffish ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

The reproductive season, the sex that provides parental care, and the relationship of feeding with reproduction are reported for Atlantic wolffish and ocean pout in eastern Newfoundland. Both species move into shallow water in the spring, pair during the summer, and spawn in holes under and between boulders during the autumn. Apparently, male Atlantic wolffish provide solitary parental care of the eggs, while in ocean pout females provide this function. Feeding is reduced for females and probably males of both species as the gonads approach maximum size. After pair formation, male ocean pout reduce feeding; male Atlantic wolffish do so to a lesser degree. Male Atlantic wolffish and female ocean pout feed little or not at all while guarding egg masses.

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