scholarly journals Physiological epicotyl dormancy and its alleviation in seeds ofYunnanopilia longistaminea: the first report of physiological epicotyl dormancy in China

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-song Yang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Yue-hua Wang ◽  
Shi-kang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Shoot Emergence

Yunnanopilia longistamineais an endangered monotypic species belonging to Opiliaceae. This edible plant is an important germplasm source with a high economic value in China if propagation were less difficult. Seed dormancy and germination of this species were investigated to improve propagation. Considering seeds have a fully developed embryo and mature and are dispersed in summer, and radicles and epicotyls emerge the following autumn and next spring, respectively, we hypothesized thatY. longistamineaseeds may undergo physiological epicotyl dormancy. Seed moisture content and viability decreased as dehydration occurred. Thus, the seeds may be recalcitrant. The seed germination of this species involves two stages: radicle emergence and epicotyl (shoot) emergence. The optimum temperature was 28 °C and 28 °C/20 °C to radicle emergence. The optimum GA3solution for the seeds undergoing shoot emergence was 100 mg L−1. The percentages of shoot emergence in seven and 14 days stratification at 5 °C were slightly higher than those in other groups. This study is the first to describe physiological epicotyl dormancy inY. longistamineaseeds. Under natural conditions, seeds are subjected toY. longistamineaa autumn → winter → spring temperature. Warm moist conditions and cold stratification can improve radicle emergence and alleviate epicotyl dormancy, respectively. The duration of cold stratification also significantly affects the epicotyl dormancy release ofY. longistaminea. Optimal dormancy breakage methods are warm (28 °C/20 °C) → cold (5 °C) → GA3(100 mg L−1) → warm (28 °C/20 °C).

scholarly journals Effect of stratification and gibberellic acid on epicotyl dormancy release in seeds of Yunnanopilia longistaminea (Opiliaceae)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-song Yang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Yue-hua Wang ◽  
Shi-kang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Shoot Emergence

Yunnanopilia longistaminea is an endangered monotypic species belonging to Opiliaceae. This edible plant is an important germplasm source with a high economic value in China. The seed dormancy and germination of Opiliaceae species have been rarely investigated. This study examined the effects of scarification, soaking in gibberellic acid, and dehydration on the seed germination of Y. longistaminea. Results indicated that the seed germination of this species involves two stages: radicle emergence and epicotyls (shoot) emergence. During radicle emergence, the optimum temperatures were 28 °C and 28 °C/20 °C. Seed moisture content and viability decreased as dehydration occurred. Thus, the seeds may be recalcitrant. The optimum GA3 solution for the seeds undergoing shoot emergence was 100 mg·L−1. The percentages of shoot emergence in 7 and 14 days of stratification at 5 °C were slightly higher than those in other groups. This study is the first to describe epicotyl dormancy in Y. longistaminea seeds. From the seed grow to the seedling of Y. longistaminea subjected to a autumn→winter→spring temperature process in nature conditions. Warm and cold stratification can alleviate radicle and epicotyl dormancy, respectively. The duration of cold stratification also significantly affects the epicotyl dormancy release of Y. longistaminea. The researches on the seeds breaking methods: warm(28°C/20°C)→cold(5°C)→GA3(100mg·L−1)→warm(28°C/20°C).

scholarly journals Effect of stratification and gibberellic acid on epicotyl dormancy release in seeds of Yunnanopilia longistaminea (Opiliaceae)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-song Yang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Yue-hua Wang ◽  
Shi-kang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Shoot Emergence

Yunnanopilia longistaminea is an endangered monotypic species belonging to Opiliaceae. This edible plant is an important germplasm source with a high economic value in China. The seed dormancy and germination of Opiliaceae species have been rarely investigated. This study examined the effects of scarification, soaking in gibberellic acid, and dehydration on the seed germination of Y. longistaminea. Results indicated that the seed germination of this species involves two stages: radicle emergence and epicotyls (shoot) emergence. During radicle emergence, the optimum temperatures were 28 °C and 28 °C/20 °C. Seed moisture content and viability decreased as dehydration occurred. Thus, the seeds may be recalcitrant. The optimum GA3 solution for the seeds undergoing shoot emergence was 100 mg·L−1. The percentages of shoot emergence in 7 and 14 days of stratification at 5 °C were slightly higher than those in other groups. This study is the first to describe epicotyl dormancy in Y. longistaminea seeds. From the seed grow to the seedling of Y. longistaminea subjected to a autumn→winter→spring temperature process in nature conditions. Warm and cold stratification can alleviate radicle and epicotyl dormancy, respectively. The duration of cold stratification also significantly affects the epicotyl dormancy release of Y. longistaminea. The researches on the seeds breaking methods: warm(28°C/20°C)→cold(5°C)→GA3(100mg·L−1)→warm(28°C/20°C).

Morphophysiological epicotyl dormancy in seeds of threePsychotriaspecies from Sri Lanka: first record for Rubiaceae

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasoja S. Athugala ◽  
K.M.G. Jayasuriya ◽  
A.M.T.A. Gunaratne ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
First Record ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Desiccation ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Shoot Emergence

AbstractTo increase our knowledge of the diversity of seed dormancy and germination in Rubiaceae, we investigated seed desiccation sensitivity and germination of threePsychotriaspecies. Seeds ofP. gardneri, P. nigraandP. zeylanicagerminated to high percentages at <15% seed moisture content. Intact seeds ofP. zeylanicaandP. nigraimbibed water and thus do not have physical dormancy. More than 50% of the seeds ofP. zeylanica, P. nigraandP. gardneritook 33, 53 and 110 d, respectively, at 25°C for the radicle to emerge, and embryo growth occurred before and after radicle emergence. Thus, seeds have morphophysiological dormancy. Shoot emergence ofP. nigraandP. zeylanicaseeds was delayed 50 and 80 d after radical emergence, respectively; thus, seeds have epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy (eMPD). This is the first report of eMPD in Rubiaceae. Since warm stratification promoted both radicle and shoot emergence in seeds ofP. zeylanicaandP. nigra, the level of eMPD is non-deep simple. Hence, dormancy of the studiedPsychotriaspp. can be described as C1bBb(radicle)–C1bBb(epicotyl), i.e. the embryo is underdeveloped and grows prior to radicle emergence and epicotyl emergence under warm temperatures (Bb), and both the radicle and epicotyl have non-deep simple physiological dormancy broken by warm temperatures (C1b). In twoPsychotriaspecies studied in detail, radicle emergence occurs at the beginning of the rainy season and plumule emergence at the peak rainy season when conditions are most favourable for rapid seedling development.

Habitat-correlated seed germination behaviour in populations of wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa L.) from northern Italy

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Mondoni ◽  
Robin Probert ◽  
Graziano Rossi ◽  
Fiona Hay ◽  
Costantino Bonomi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Mountain Site ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Shoot Emergence ◽  
Mountain Population

AbstractAlthough various aspects of the biology of Anemone nemorosa have been examined, few studies present data on seed germination, and even then information tends to be rather contradictory. A. nemorosa L. is a spring-flowering, woodland geophyte, widely distributed across much of Europe. Germination phenology, including embryo development and radicle and shoot emergence, were investigated in one mountain and three lowland populations from northern Italy. Immediately after harvest, seeds were either sown on agar in the laboratory under simulated seasonal temperatures, or placed in nylon mesh sachets and buried in the wild. Embryos, undifferentiated at the time of dispersal, grew under summer conditions in the laboratory and in the wild. However, seeds did not germinate under continuous summer conditions. Radicle emergence in the field was first recorded at the beginning of autumn, when soil temperatures had dropped to c. 15°C in the case of the three lowland populations, and to c. 10°C at the mountain site. Shoot emergence was delayed under natural conditions until late autumn/early winter, when soil temperatures had dropped to c. 10°C in the lowlands and c. 6°C at the mountain site. In the laboratory, a period of cold stratification was required for shoot emergence, and this requirement was more pronounced in the mountain population. Seeds of the mountain population completed embryo development, radicle emergence and shoot emergence at cooler temperatures compared with the lowland populations. These results suggest that germination in A. nemorosa is highly adapted and finely tuned to local climate. We conclude that seeds of A. nemorosa display deep, simple epicotyl, morphophysiogical dormancy, and this is the first report of such dormancy for the genus Anemone. However, the continuous development and growth of embryos from the time of natural dispersal, and the lack of evidence of developmental arrest under natural conditions, suggests that radicles are non-dormant.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Gelombang Mikro sebagai Pengendali Cendawan Patogen Terbawa Benih Kedelai

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Raden Sujayadi ◽  
Supyani Supyani ◽  
Edi Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Two Stages

One of the obstacles in providing high quality soybean (Glycine max) seed is the infection of seed-borne fungal pathogens. Micro wave treatment is one of the alternative methods to control the seed-borne pathogens effectively but it needs to be further developed. This research consisted of two stages. The first stage was aimed to determine the best soybean seed moisture content in maintaining seed physiological quality after exposing to micro wave. The second stage was aimed to determine the most effective duration of micro wave exposure to reduce the rate of infection of seed-borne fungal pathogens using the best moisture content resulted from the first stage. The experiment  on seed moisture indicated that 9.20% was the best seed moisture content in maintaining the physiological quality when the seed was exposed to micro wave.  Furthermore, micro wave exposure of 60 seconds was able to control Aspergillus flavus, while the exposure of  80 seconds was able to control Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., and A. niger.

scholarly journals Water uptake, priming, drying and storage effects inCassia excelsa Schrad seeds

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jeller ◽  
S. C. J. G. A. Perez ◽  
J. Raizer
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Storage Effects ◽  
Time Required ◽  
And Storage

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of osmotic potential on the water uptake curvein Cassia excelsa seeds and use the results to analyze the effects of dehydration and storage on primed seed germination. Seeds were imbibed in distillad water and polyethylene glicol (PEG 6000) osmotic solutions at -0.2, -0.4, and -0.6 MPa, at 20ºC. The radicle emergence and seed moisture content were evaluated at 6-hour intervals during 240 hours. Afterwards, seeds were primed in distillad water and PEG 6000 solutions at -0.2, -0.4, and -0.6 MPa for 48, 72, 96, and 168 hours at 20ºC, followed by air drying and storage for 15 days at 5ºC. The lower the osmotic potential, the higher the time required for priming. The osmoconditioning yields benefits with PEG solutions at 0.0 and -0.2 MPa; seed improvements were maintained during storage for 15 days at 5ºC, but were reverted by seed drying.

scholarly journals Germination of Stewartia pseudocamellia Seeds is Promoted by Desiccation Avoidance, Gibberellic Acid Treatment, and Warm and Cold Stratification

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Brian A. Oleksak ◽  
Daniel K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Desiccation Avoidance

Abstract Japanese Stewartia, Stewartia pseudocamellia (Maxim.), seeds were extracted from immature capsules and handled under nondesiccating conditions. Moisture content of fresh seeds was 82%. After exposing seeds for 48 hrs at room conditions seed moisture content was 56% and after 24 hrs at 80C (176F) it was 49%. Both ambient and 80C (176F) drying conditions resulted in complete loss of viability based on a tetazolium test. Exposing seeds to a 24 hr aerated water soak in 1 mM gibberellic acid (GA3), and a 3 month warm (25C, 77F) stratification period increased seed germination only after 6 months of cold (4C, 40F) stratification compared to seeds given a 24 hr aerated water soak without GA3 and similar warm and cold stratification periods. Best management practices for handling and germination of fresh Japanese Stewartia seeds are: (a) harvest seed capsules when they turn from green to brown, (b) maintain seeds under nondesiccating conditions, (c) treat seeds with a 24 hr aerated water soak in 1 mM GA3 before a 3-month warm stratification, and (d) provide at least 7 months cold stratification.

scholarly journals Morfologi Dan Mutu Fisik Benih Kenanga (Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson forma genuina)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Arum Sekar Wulandari ◽  
Ferawati Oktia Nurhayani
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Size Number ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Cananga is one of the forestry plant that has high economic value and benefits. The provision of high-quality seed is necessary for establishy cananga plantation. The aim of this study was to observe the fruit morphology and analyze the physical quality of cananga seeds. This research method consisted of (1) morphological observation of seed (fruit size, number of seeds per fruit, and their correlation); (2) physical quality testing of seed (the weight of 1 000 seeds and seed moisture content). The observations showed that the fruit length were 7.40-27.5 mm, width 0.43-16.63 mm and weight 0.36-2.88 grams. The size of fruit have significant effect on the number of seeds in the fruit, there are 1-12 seeds in one cananga fruit. There are approximately 16 000 seeds in 1 kg of cananga seed. Seed moisture content of fruit that taken from tree (51.20-59.20%) is higher than seed water content of fruits that fall due to ripe physiologically (34.57-37.82%). Key words: cananga, morphological, physical quality, seed

scholarly journals Deep simple morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of the basal taxad Cephalotaxus

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia Ju Yang ◽  
Ching-Te Chien ◽  
Yue Ken Liao ◽  
Shun-Ying Chen ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Shoot Emergence ◽  
Seeds Germination

AbstractAlthough mature seeds of the monogeneric conifer family Cephalotaxaceae sensu stricto have underdeveloped embryos, no definitive studies have been done to classify dormancy in this family. Our primary purpose was to determine the kind of dormancy in seeds of Cephalotaxus wilsoniana and to put the results into a broad phylogenetic context for gymnosperms. The species is of horticultural and medicinal value, and information is needed on how to propagate it efficiently from seeds. Embryo growth and germination were monitored for seeds at warm, cold and warm plus cold temperatures, and germination was monitored for seeds subjected to: (1) cold →  warm →  cold →  warm; and (2) warm →  cold →  warm →  cold →  warm temperature sequences. The effects of gibberellic acids GA3 and GA4 were tested on radicle emergence in ungerminated seeds and on shoot emergence in root-emerged seeds. Germination was promoted by ≥ 36 weeks of warm stratification followed by ≥ 8 weeks of cold stratification, but only if seeds were returned to high temperatures. The underdeveloped embryo must increase in length by >120% before the radicle emerges. Neither GA3 nor GA4 was effective in promoting radicle emergence; however, both plant growth regulators increased rate (but not percentage) of shoot emergence in root-emerged seeds. We conclude that seeds of C. wilsoniana have the deep simple level of morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), C1b-C3-B1b; thus, warm stratification followed by cold stratification and then warm-temperature incubation are required for germination. In gymnosperms, MPD is known in cycads, Ginkgo and now in three families of conifers.

Germination and storage behaviour of seeds of the subtropical evergreen tree Daphniphyllum glaucescens (Daphniphyllaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Te Chien ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Shun-Ying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Evergreen Tree ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
And Storage

Daphniphyllum glaucescens Blume ssp. oldhamii (Hemsl.) Huang is an important subtropical evergreen tree in Taiwan. Seeds of D. glaucescens have non-deep, simple, epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy, and a minimum of 10–12 weeks is required for the first step of seedling production, i.e. hypocotyl emergence. It is not known how to decrease the time for seedling production and how to store seeds for retention of viability. We determined the effects of (i) gibberellic acid and cold-stratification on germination (hypocotyl emergence) and (ii) storage temperature and seed moisture content (MC) on germinability. Exogenous application of GA3 and of GA4 promoted germination and increased the germination rate. Moist cold-stratification at 5°C also promoted germination; the longer the stratification period, the faster the rate of germination. More than 70% of seeds (fresh seeds, MC = 37.6%) dried to an MC of 6.4%, 8.5% and 25.5% (fresh weight basis) retained germinability after a 1-month storage at 5°C, whereas germination percentage decreased to 0–2% after a 12-month storage at the same temperature. Germination percentage of seeds dried to the same MC and stored at 15°C decreased to 0% after 8 months, whereas seeds stored at −20°C did not germinate even after just 1 month of storage. The present evidence suggests that seeds of D. glaucescens have intermediate rather than orthodox or recalcitrant storage behaviour.

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