scholarly journals Cells tile a flat plane by controlling geometries during morphogenesis of Pyropia thalli

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Xu ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Dehua Ji ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
Changsheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Regular Polygons ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Perfect Model

Background Pyropia haitanensis thalli, which are made of a single layer of polygonal cells, are a perfect model for studying the morphogenesis of multi-celled organisms because their cell proliferation process is an excellent example of the manner in which cells control their geometry to create a two-dimensional plane. Methods Cellular geometries of thalli at different stages of growth revealed by light microscope analysis. Results This study showed the cell division transect the middle of the selected paired-sides to divide the cell into two equal portions, thus resulting in cell sides ≥4 and keeping the average number of cell sides at approximately six even as the thallus continued to grow, such that more than 90% of the cells in thalli longer than 0.08 cm had 5–7 sides. However, cell division could not fully explain the distributions of intracellular angles. Results showed that cell-division-associated fast reorientation of cell sides and cell divisions together caused 60% of the inner angles of cells from longer thalli to range from 100–140°. These results indicate that cells prefer to form regular polygons. Conclusions This study suggests that appropriate cell-packing geometries maintained by cell division and reorientation of cell walls can keep the cells bordering each other closely, without gaps.

scholarly journals Plant cell divisions: variations from the shortest symmetric path

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2743-2752
Author(s):  
Léo Serra ◽  
Sarah Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Subcellular Structure ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Developmental Contexts ◽  
Hormonal Signalling

In plants, the spatial arrangement of cells within tissues and organs is a direct consequence of the positioning of the new cell walls during cell division. Since the nineteenth century, scientists have proposed rules to explain the orientation of plant cell divisions. Most of these rules predict the new wall will follow the shortest path passing through the cell centroid halving the cell into two equal volumes. However, in some developmental contexts, divisions deviate significantly from this rule. In these situations, mechanical stress, hormonal signalling, or cell polarity have been described to influence the division path. Here we discuss the mechanism and subcellular structure required to define the cell division placement then we provide an overview of the situations where division deviates from the shortest symmetric path.

scholarly journals A microtubule-based mechanism predicts cell division orientation in plant embryogenesis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandan Chakrabortty ◽  
Viola Willemsen ◽  
Thijs de Zeeuw ◽  
Che-Yang Liao ◽  
Dolf Weijers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Division Plane ◽  
Plant Morphogenesis ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Microtubule Stability ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractOriented cell divisions are significant in plant morphogenesis because plant cells are embedded in cell walls and cannot relocate. Cell divisions follow various regular orientations, but the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified. We show that cell-shape dependent self-organisation of cortical microtubule arrays is crucial for determining planes of early tissue-generating divisions and forms the basis for robust control of cell division orientation in the embryo. To achieve this, we simulate microtubules on actual cell surface shapes from which we derive a minimal set of three rules for proper array orientation. The first rule captures the effects of cell shape alone on microtubule organisation, the second rule describes the regulation of microtubule stability at cell edges and the third rule includes the differential effect of auxin on local microtubule stability. These rules explain early embryonic division plane orientations and offer a framework for understanding patterned cell divisions in plant morphogenesis.

A new model for cell division and migration with spontaneous topology changes

Soft Matter ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 4332-4339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mkrtchyan ◽  
Jan Åström ◽  
Mikko Karttunen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
New Model ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Topology Changes ◽  
And Migration

A two-dimensional single-cell based model for cell divisions and tissue growth.

Stimulated Virus Production in Vinblastine and Cytochalasin-Induced Multinucleate Cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
Krishan Awtar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Multinucleate Cells ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Nuclear Membranes ◽  
Division 2 ◽  
Vinblastine Sulfate

Exposure of cells to low sublethal but mitosis-arresting doses of vinblastine sulfate (Velban) results in the initial arrest of cells in mitosis followed by their subsequent return to an “interphase“-like stage. A large number of these cells reform their nuclear membranes and form large multimicronucleated cells, some containing as many as 25 or more micronuclei (1). Formation of large multinucleate cells is also caused by cytochalasin, by causing the fusion of daughter cells at the end of an otherwise .normal cell division (2). By the repetition of this process through subsequent cell divisions, large cells with 6 or more nuclei are formed.

scholarly journals Homogeneous 2D and 3D alignment of cardiomyocyte in dilated cardiomyopathy revealed by intravital heart imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Masuyama ◽  
Tomoaki Higo ◽  
Jong-Kook Lee ◽  
Ryohei Matsuura ◽  
Ian Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Heart Imaging ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
2D And 3D

AbstractIn contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, there has been reported no specific pattern of cardiomyocyte array in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), partially because lack of alignment assessment in a three-dimensional (3D) manner. Here we have established a novel method to evaluate cardiomyocyte alignment in 3D using intravital heart imaging and demonstrated homogeneous alignment in DCM mice. Whilst cardiomyocytes of control mice changed their alignment by every layer in 3D and position twistedly even in a single layer, termed myocyte twist, cardiomyocytes of DCM mice aligned homogeneously both in two-dimensional (2D) and in 3D and lost myocyte twist. Manipulation of cultured cardiomyocyte toward homogeneously aligned increased their contractility, suggesting that homogeneous alignment in DCM mice is due to a sort of alignment remodelling as a way to compensate cardiac dysfunction. Our findings provide the first intravital evidence of cardiomyocyte alignment and will bring new insights into understanding the mechanism of heart failure.

scholarly journals Cell fate clusters in ICM organoids arise from cell fate heredity and division: a modelling approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Liebisch ◽  
Armin Drusko ◽  
Biena Mathew ◽  
Ernst H. K. Stelzer ◽  
Sabine C. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Fate Decision ◽  
Cell Fate Decisions ◽  
Chemical Signalling ◽  
Fate Decision

AbstractDuring the mammalian preimplantation phase, cells undergo two subsequent cell fate decisions. During the first decision, the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass are formed. Subsequently, the inner cell mass segregates into the epiblast and the primitive endoderm. Inner cell mass organoids represent an experimental model system, mimicking the second cell fate decision. It has been shown that cells of the same fate tend to cluster stronger than expected for random cell fate decisions. Three major processes are hypothesised to contribute to the cell fate arrangements: (1) chemical signalling; (2) cell sorting; and (3) cell proliferation. In order to quantify the influence of cell proliferation on the observed cell lineage type clustering, we developed an agent-based model accounting for mechanical cell–cell interaction, i.e. adhesion and repulsion, cell division, stochastic cell fate decision and cell fate heredity. The model supports the hypothesis that initial cell fate acquisition is a stochastically driven process, taking place in the early development of inner cell mass organoids. Further, we show that the observed neighbourhood structures can emerge solely due to cell fate heredity during cell division.

scholarly journals A possible relation between dietary zinc and cAMP in the regulation of tumour cell proliferation in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel S. Skeef ◽  
John R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Tumour Cell ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Camp Concentration

1. The possibility of an effect of zinc on the rate of tumour cell division, mediated through a regulation of cellular cAMP concentration, was investigated in the present study in rats.2. Dietary Zn deficiency (< 1·5 mg Zn/kg) but not Zn excess (500 mg Zn/kg) resulted in an increased cAMP concentration in transplanted hepatoma cells. Neither treatment had any effect on the cAMP concentration in regenerating liver or normal resting liver. Both the deficient and excess Zn diets resulted in a small reduction in tumour growth (not statistically significant).3. The results seem to indicate that the relation investigated in the present study does not apply in the cell line used.

scholarly journals Role of Cell Division Autoantigen 1 (CDA1) in Cell Proliferation and Fibrosis

Genes ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ban-Hock Toh ◽  
Yugang Tu ◽  
Zemin Cao ◽  
Mark E. Cooper ◽  
Zhonglin Chai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Division

First principles studies on electronic and contact properties of Single layer 2H-MoS2/1T'-MX2 heterojunctions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Yu ◽  
Caijuan Xia ◽  
Zhengyang Hu ◽  
jianping Sun ◽  
Xiaopeng Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Metal Chalcogenides ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Transition Metal Chalcogenides

With in-plane heterojunction contacts between semiconducting 2H phase (as channel) and the metallic 1T' phase (as electrode), the two-dimensional (2D) transition metal chalcogenides (TMDs) field-effect transistors (FETs) have received much...

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