scholarly journals Genetic insights into family group co-occurrence inCryptocercus punctulatus, a sub-social woodroach from the southern Appalachian Mountains

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Garrick
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Family Group ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Mtdna Haplotypes ◽  
Female Pair ◽  
Cryptocercus Punctulatus

The wood-feeding cockroachCryptocercus punctulatusScudder (Blattodea: Cryptocercidae) is an important member of the dead wood (saproxylic) community in montane forests of the southeastern United States. However, its population biology remains poorly understood. Here, aspects of family group co-occurrence were characterized to provide basic information that can be extended by studies on the evolution and maintenance of sub-sociality. Broad sampling across the species’ range was coupled with molecular data (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences). The primary questions were: (1) what proportion of rotting logs contain two or more different mtDNA haplotypes and how often can this be attributed to multiple families inhabiting the same log, (2) are multi-family logs spatially clustered, and (3) what levels of genetic differentiation among haplotypes exist within a log, and how genetically similar are matrilines of co-occurring family groups? Multi-family logs were identified on the premise that three different mtDNA haplotypes, or two different haplotypes among adult females, is inconsistent with a single family group founded by one male–female pair. Results showed that of the 88 rotting logs from which multiple adultC. punctulatuswere sampled, 41 logs (47%) contained two or more mtDNA haplotypes, and at least 19 of these logs (22% overall) were inferred to be inhabited by multiple families. There was no strong evidence for spatial clustering of the latter class of logs. The frequency distribution of nucleotide differences between co-occurring haplotypes was strongly right-skewed, such that most haplotypes were only one or two mutations apart, but more substantial divergences (up to 18 mutations, or 1.6% uncorrected sequence divergence) do occasionally occur within logs. This work represents the first explicit investigation of family group co-occurrence inC. punctulatus, providing a valuable baseline for follow-up studies.

scholarly journals Single versus multiple-family intervention in childhood overweight—Finnmark Activity School: a randomised trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Kokkvoll ◽  
Sameline Grimsgaard ◽  
Rønnaug Ødegaard ◽  
Trond Flægstad ◽  
Inger Njølstad
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Family Intervention ◽  
Public Health Nurse ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Family Group ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Link Type

ObjectiveTo compare a new comprehensive lifestyle programme performed in groups of families with overweight (included obese) children with a more conventional single-family programme. The study design and interim anthropometrical results after 12 months are presented.DesignAltogether 97 overweight and obese children aged 6–12 years with body mass index (BMI) corresponding to cut-off point ≥27.5 in adults were included. Study participants were randomised to multiple-family intervention (MUFI) or single-family intervention (SIFI) in a parallel design. MUFI comprised a 3-day inpatient programme at the hospital with other families and a multidisciplinary team, follow-up visits in their hometown individually and in groups, organised physical activity twice weekly and a 4-day family camp after 6 months. SIFI comprised individual counselling by paediatric nurse, paediatric consultant and nutritionist at the hospital and follow-up by public health nurse in the community. Solution focused approach was applied in both interventions. Primary outcome measures were change in BMI kg/m2 and BMI SD score (BMI SDS).ResultsBMI increased by 0.37 units in the MUFI compared to 0.77 units in the SIFI (p=0.18). BMI SDS decreased by 0.16 units in the MUFI group compared to 0.07 units in the SIFI group (p=0.07). Secondary endpoint waist circumference decreased 0.94 cm in the multiple-family group and increased 0.95 cm in the single-family group, p=0.04.ConclusionsInterim analysis after 12 months showed no between-group difference in terms of BMI or BMI SDS. The MUFI group had a significant decrease in waist circumference compared to the SIFI group.The trial is registeredat http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00872807)

Gelidium guimaraesiae sp. nov. (Gelidiaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Western Atlantic segregated from G. floridanum by morphological and molecular evidence

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 388 (4) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEATRIZ BRUNELLI ◽  
DANIELA MILSTEIN ◽  
SUNG M. BOO ◽  
MUTUE T. FUJII
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Gelidium Floridanum ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

The Gelidium species are susceptible to a great phenotypic plasticity. In this genus, studies integrating morphological and molecular data have been increasingly used to define species. To date nine Gelidium species are reported along the Brazilian coast. Gelidium floridanum is the most frequently recorded species in Brazilian but it is also often confused with morphologically similar species, especially in the field or when reproductive structures are absent. In this study we analyzed specimens from Brazil previously identified as G. floridanum based on the morphological and molecular data (cox1 and rbcL DNA sequences). Newly collected specimens from Brazil showed a DNA sequence divergence from G. floridanum in the order of 1.0–1.4% for rbcL and 4.2% for cox1, enough to be considered a new species, here described as Gelidium guimaraesiae sp. nov.

Systematics of the Baikalian Babr (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pallaseidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2276 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKHAIL E. DANELIYA ◽  
RAVIL M. KAMALTYNOV ◽  
TYTTI KONTULA ◽  
RISTO VÄINÖLÄ
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Systematic Composition

From morphogical and molecular data we reconsider the systematic composition of the Lake Baikal amphipod genusBabr Kamaltynov & Väinölä (Pallaseidae), until recently part of Pallasea Bate. The morphology of Babr is relativelyuniform, but both allozyme and mitochondrial DNA data recognize a deep split into two lineages (Nei's D = 1.1,uncorrected COI sequence divergence 17 %). These correspond with the two species B. baikali (Stebbing) andB. nigromaculatus (Dorogostaisky), which both are found to be widespread throughout the lake but show different depthpreferences. We found no support for the third proposed taxon B. inermis (Sowinsky), and consider it a synonym ofB. baikali. Revised morphological diagnoses for the genus and the two species are presented, including newmorphological characters. In terms of mtDNA, B. baikali is further subdivided into clearly separate geographical lineages, for which no morphological correspondence was however established.

scholarly journals The Effects on Mood of Adjunctive Single-Family and Multi-Family Group Therapy in the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients with Major Depression

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert M.D Lemmens ◽  
Ivan Eisler ◽  
Ann Buysse ◽  
Els Heene ◽  
Koen Demyttenaere
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Group Therapy ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Family Group ◽  
Single Family

scholarly journals Polyphyly and homoplasic structures in rhizosolenioid diatom genera: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Richard W. Jordan ◽  
Matt P. Ashworth ◽  
Yuki Uezato ◽  
Schonna R. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Single Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background and aims – Traditionally, extant rhizosolenioid diatom genera have been placed in a single family, the Rhizosoleniaceae. However, preliminary molecular data suggested that the family might be polyphyletic. Therefore, a literature review of the morphological, ultrastructural and molecular data of the rhizosolenioid genera was undertaken. Methods – In addition to the literature survey, the location of the rimoportula in a number of rhizosolenioid genera was investigated by breaking the valves and observing the fragments in the scanning electron microscope. Key results – The data provides strong support for the previous separation of Proboscia and Rhizosolenia at the family level (Probosciaceae vs. Rhizosoleniaceae), with the rimoportula being located at the tip of the proboscis in Proboscia, or with an internal labia at the base of the hollow tubular rimoportula (= spine or process) in Rhizosolenia and Pseudosolenia. Conclusions – The data suggests that a number of rhizosolenioid genera should be transferred to other families, and that gene sequences of two genera (Dactyliosolen and Neocalyptrella) are needed as their morphological features differ markedly from those of the Rhizosoleniceae s. str. (Rhizosolenia, Guinardia, Pseudosolenia).

scholarly journals An experimentally informed evolutionary model improves phylogenetic fit to divergent lactamase homologs

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse D Bloom
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Sequence Evolution ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
High Throughput Experiments

Phylogenetic analyses of molecular data require a quantitative model for how sequences evolve. Traditionally, the details of the site-specific selection that governs sequence evolution are not knowna priori, making it challenging to create evolutionary models that adequately capture the heterogeneity of selection at different sites. However, recent advances in high-throughput experiments have made it possible to quantify the effects of all single mutations on gene function. I have previously shown that such high-throughput experiments can be combined with knowledge of underlying mutation rates to create a parameter-free evolutionary model that describes the phylogeny of influenza nucleoprotein far better than commonly used existing models. Here I extend this work by showing that published experimental data on TEM-1 beta-lactamase (Firnberg et al, 2014) can be combined with a few mutation rate parameters to create an evolutionary model that describes beta-lactamase phylogenies much than most common existing models. This experimentally informed evolutionary model is superior even for homologs that are substantially diverged (about 35% divergence at the protein level) from the TEM-1 parent that was the subject of the experimental study. These results suggest that experimental measurements can inform phylogenetic evolutionary models that are applicable to homologs that span a substantial range of sequence divergence.

The first family group of α1-AT-P in the world with repeated hematomas: 10-year follow-up

Climacteric ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Luo ◽  
X. Ruan ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
X. Li ◽  
Z. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Group ◽  
The World

Pycnoclavella stolonialis n. sp. (Tunicata: Ascidiacea), with phylogenetic and distributional remarks on the genus in Europe

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2407 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. PÉREZ-PORTELA ◽  
C. E. GOODWIN ◽  
B. E. PICTON ◽  
X. TURON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Colony Structure ◽  
Colonial Ascidian ◽  
Sea Squirt ◽  
The Irish Sea

Morphological and molecular data based on the COI gene were used to describe a new species of the colonial ascidian genus Pycnoclavella. The new species, P. stolonialis, is widespread sublittorally in the Irish Sea and also occurs on the western Irish coast, Wales and eastern England and may be locally common. It has been commonly known as the ‘pin head’ sea squirt since first recorded from Northern Ireland in 1984 but has not yet been formally described. P. stolonialis is the only described species of Pycnoclavella combining the presence of stolons, peribranchial incubation mode and a larva lacking an otolith. In addition, it features ca. 10% sequence divergence with the closest species of the genus in our phylogenetic trees. P. stolonialis showed intermediate characters between two groups of Pycnoclavella; the stanleyi and the aurilucens groups. Larval morphology and molecular data supported the inclusion of P. stolonialis within the aurilucens group, but the stolonial colony structure is characteristic of the stanleyi group. This implies that colony structure may not be a good character for separating these two groups. New information on distribution is given for P. atlantica, P. aurilucens and P. communis.

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