scholarly journals Analysis of different vibration patterns to guide blind people

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan V. Durá-Gil ◽  
Bruno Bazuelo-Ruiz ◽  
David Moro-Pérez ◽  
Fernando Mollà-Domenech
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Front Side ◽  
Tactile Information ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The literature indicates the best vibration positions and frequencies on the human body where tactile information is transmitted. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how to combine tactile stimuli for navigation. The aim of this study is to compare different vibration patterns outputted to blind people and to determine the most intuitive vibration patterns to indicate direction for navigation purposes through a tactile belt. The vibration patterns that stimulate the front side of the waist are preferred for indicating direction. Vibration patterns applied on the back side of the waist could be suitable for sending messages such as stop.

The Mechanism of J-V “Roll-Over” in CdS/CdTe Devices

2007 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Xuanzhi Wu ◽  
Yanfa Yan ◽  
Sally Asher ◽  
Juarez Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Side ◽  
Back Contact ◽  
Front Side ◽  
Current Voltage

AbstractThe “roll-over” phenomenon in current-voltage (J-V) curves of CdS/CdTe devices is recognized as a result of the formation of a higher back barrier. When Cu has not been intentionally added to the back contact, roll-over is understandable. However, the mechanism was unclear for forming J-V roll-over in a CdTe cell with a back contact containing Cu. We did extensive characterizations, including XRD, XPS, SIMS, TEM, and EDS, and “recontact” experiments to understand this phenomenon. The results show that the roll-over comes from the formation of Cu-related oxides at the back side of the device during processing, rather than the diffusion of Cu to the front side of the device. Discussions related to the J-V roll-over mechanisms will also be presented.

scholarly journals Compression of dynamic tactile information in the human hand

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. eaaz1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitian Shao ◽  
Vincent Hayward ◽  
Yon Visell
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Tactile Information ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Mechanical Waves ◽  
Wave Patterns ◽  
Optimal Encoding ◽  
Entire Dataset

A key problem in the study of the senses is to describe how sense organs extract perceptual information from the physics of the environment. We previously observed that dynamic touch elicits mechanical waves that propagate throughout the hand. Here, we show that these waves produce an efficient encoding of tactile information. The computation of an optimal encoding of thousands of naturally occurring tactile stimuli yielded a compact lexicon of primitive wave patterns that sparsely represented the entire dataset, enabling touch interactions to be classified with an accuracy exceeding 95%. The primitive tactile patterns reflected the interplay of hand anatomy with wave physics. Notably, similar patterns emerged when we applied efficient encoding criteria to spiking data from populations of simulated tactile afferents. This finding suggests that the biomechanics of the hand enables efficient perceptual processing by effecting a preneuronal compression of tactile information.

A Novel Silicon Base Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Using Front Side Etching Process

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Tang Peng ◽  
Ji-Cheng Lin ◽  
Chun-Te Lin ◽  
Kuo-Ning Chiang ◽  
Jin-Shown Shie
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Back Side ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Front Side ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor ◽  
Packaging Structure

By applying the etching via technology, this study proposes a novel front-side etching fabrication process for a silicon based piezoresistive pressure sensor to replace the conventional backside bulk micro-machining. The distinguishing features of this novel structure are chip size reduction and fabrication costs degradation. In order to investigate the sensor performance and the sensor packaging effect of the structure proposed in this research, the finite element method was adopted for analyzing the sensor sensitivity and stability. The sensitivity and the stability of the novel sensor after packaging were studied by applying mechanical as well as thermal loading to the sensor. Furthermore, the fabrication process and the sensor performance of the novel pressure sensor were compared with the conventional back-side etching type pressure sensor for the feasibility validation of the novel sensor. The results showed that the novel pressure sensor provides better sensitivity than the conventional one, and the sensor output signal stability can be enhanced by better packaging structure designs proposed in this study. Based on the above findings, this novel structure pressure sensor shows a high potential for membrane type micro-sensor application.

scholarly journals Integration of visual and tactile information in reproduction of traveled distance

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 1650-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Churan ◽  
Johannes Paul ◽  
Steffen Klingenhoefer ◽  
Frank Bremmer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Tactile Information ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Self Motion

In the natural world, self-motion always stimulates several different sensory modalities. Here we investigated the interplay between a visual optic flow stimulus simulating self-motion and a tactile stimulus (air flow resulting from self-motion) while human observers were engaged in a distance reproduction task. We found that adding congruent tactile information (i.e., speed of the air flow and speed of visual motion are directly proportional) to the visual information significantly improves the precision of the actively reproduced distances. This improvement, however, was smaller than predicted for an optimal integration of visual and tactile information. In contrast, incongruent tactile information (i.e., speed of the air flow and speed of visual motion are inversely proportional) did not improve subjects’ precision indicating that incongruent tactile information and visual information were not integrated. One possible interpretation of the results is a link to properties of neurons in the ventral intraparietal area that have been shown to have spatially and action-congruent receptive fields for visual and tactile stimuli. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that tactile and visual information can be integrated to improve the estimates of the parameters of self-motion. This, however, happens only if the two sources of information are congruent—as they are in a natural environment. In contrast, an incongruent tactile stimulus is still used as a source of information about self-motion but it is not integrated with visual information.

scholarly journals Scientific Investigations of a 16th Century Stall Belonging to the Evangelic Church in Bistriţa, Bistriţa-Năsăud County, Romania

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Marutoiu ◽  
S. P. Grapini ◽  
A. Baciu ◽  
M. Miclaus ◽  
V. C. Marutoiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Side ◽  
Front Side ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Dsc Analyses ◽  
The Church ◽  
Painting Layer

The Evangelic Church in Bistriţa city is one of the important gothic monuments in Romania. Inside the church there have been preserved a series of furniture pieces from different centuries, and the stall that has been analysed in this study is one of them. The study presents the investigations that were made on the occasion of restoring the stall. The nature and the status of the wooden supports and also the composition of the painting layer which covers the front side of the stall were investigated by several methods: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The back side of the stall was made of spruce fir wood and its status was also investigated. The nature of the component elements and the heritage value of the ensemble were also established.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN EKSTRAK ANTOSIANIN TANAMAN BUNGA KEMBANG SEPATU UNTUK MENDETEKSI BORAKS PADA BAKSO

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Rio Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

One of the causes of food safety problems in Indonesia is the lack of knowledge, responsibility and supervision by producers, consumers and the authorities. This results in cheating by irresponsible food producers, adding ingredients that can harm the human body. There are several ways to detect or detect the presence of hazardous food additives, one of which is using indicators made from natural ingredients added with several other ingredients that can detect hazardous food additives, one of which is borax. After conducting research on the effectiveness of hibiscus flower anthocyanin extract as an indicator of borax detection in meatballs, it was found that hibiscus flower extract can be used as an indicator for borax detection, seen from the change in the color of hibiscus flower extract which at first is brownish orange (purplish. ) After being absorbed with meatballs containing borax, the hibiscus flower extract changes its color to dark brown red, this is due to the pelagornidin antasianin compounds reacting with borax compounds.

Back Side Die Preparation for Check of Backend Related Problems

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Huettinger ◽  
Uwe Papenberg ◽  
Jerome Touzel ◽  
Abel Janeiro ◽  
Ricardo Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preparation Method ◽  
Metal Layer ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Front Side ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Root Cause

Abstract Damage on the top metal layer caused by backend packaging processes often results in unlocalizable electrical failures like column select fails in DRAM products. Consequently, crosssections through an exact address are unhelpful. Decapping from the front side of the die by removing the package (Top- Down preparation), only uncovers the damaged die area. The root cause is removed with the package. A preparation method that preserves the package at the failure (Bottom-Up preparation) is necessary. This paper presents a preparation method for investigations and assessment of backend related problems by removal of the Si-die from the back side, leaving the package and connections layers free for a quick and reliable review. Typical applications described here are the localization of imprint-originated fails or monitoring of the bonding processes.

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