scholarly journals Vascular plant biodiversity of the lower Coppermine River valley and vicinity (Nunavut, Canada): an annotated checklist of an Arctic flora

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery M. Saarela ◽  
Paul C. Sokoloff ◽  
Roger D. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
River Valley ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Floristic Data ◽  
Coppermine River ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
Made In

The Coppermine River in western Nunavut is one of Canada’s great Arctic rivers, yet its vascular plant flora is poorly known. Here, we report the results of a floristic inventory of the lower Coppermine River valley and vicinity, including Kugluk (Bloody Falls) Territorial Park and the hamlet of Kugluktuk. The study area is approximately 1,200 km2, extending from the forest-tundra south of the treeline to the Arctic coast. Vascular plant floristic data are based on a review of all previous collections from the area and more than 1,200 new collections made in 2014. Results are presented in an annotated checklist, including citation of all specimens examined, comments on taxonomy and distribution, and photographs for a subset of taxa. The vascular plant flora comprises 300 species (311 taxa), a 36.6% increase from the 190 species documented by previous collections made in the area over the last century, and is considerably more diverse than other local floras on mainland Nunavut. We document 207 taxa for Kugluk (Bloody Falls) Territorial Park, an important protected area for plants on mainland Nunavut. A total of 190 taxa are newly recorded for the study area. Of these, 14 taxa (13 species and one additional variety) are newly recorded for Nunavut (Allium schoenoprasum,Carex capitata,Draba lonchocarpa,Eremogone capillarissubsp.capillaris,Sabulina elegans,Eleocharis quinqueflora,Epilobiumcf.anagallidifolium,Botrychium neolunaria,Botrychium tunux,Festuca altaica,Polygonum aviculare,Salix ovalifoliavar.arctolitoralis,Salix ovalifoliavar.ovalifoliaandStuckenia pectinata), seven species are newly recorded for mainland Nunavut (Carex gynocrates,Carex livida,Cryptogramma stelleri,Draba simmonsii,Festuca viviparoideasubsp.viviparoidea,Juncus alpinoarticulatussubsp.americanusandSalix pseudomyrsinites) and 56 range extensions are reported. ThepsbA-trnHandrbcLDNA sequence data were used to help identify the threeBotrychiumtaxa recorded in the study area. Three new combinations are proposed:Petasites frigidussubsp.sagittatus(Banks ex Pursh) Saarela,Carex petricosasubsp.misandroides(Fernald) Saarela andCarex simpliciusculasubsp.subholarctica(T. V. Egorova) Saarela.

scholarly journals Characterisation of yeast and filamentous fungi from Brøggerbreen glaciers, Svalbard

Polar Record ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnima Singh ◽  
Utpal Roy ◽  
Masaharu Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
5.8S Rdna ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Gene Similarity ◽  
Macromolecule Degradation ◽  
Organic Macromolecule

ABSTRACTCryoconite holes have ecological and biotechnological importance. This article presents results on culturable cryophilic yeasts and filamentous fungi isolated from cryoconite holes at Austre and Vestre Brøggerbreen glaciers, Svalbard. Based on DNA sequence data, these were identified asRhodotorulasp.,Thelebolussp., andArticulospora tetracladia. Amongst these,Articulospora tetracladia(88.7–89.4% gene similarity with 5.8S rDNA) is a novel species, yet to be described. Filamentous fungusArticulosporasp. Cry-FB1 and Cry-FB2, expressed high amylase, cellulase, lipase and protease activities while yeastRhodotorulasp. Cry-FB3 showed high amylase and cellulase activity.Thelebolussp. Cry-YB 240 and Cry-YB 241 showed protease and urease activities. The effects of temperature, and salt on the growth of the cultures were studied. Optimum temperature of growth was on 10ºC at pH 7.0. Filamentous fungi and yeast in the cryoconite holes possibly drive the process of organic macromolecule degradation through cold-adapted enzyme secretion, thereby assisting in nutrient cycling in these supraglacial environments. Further, these cryophilic fungi, due to their enzyme producing ability, may provide an opportunity for biotechnological research in the Arctic.

scholarly journals Vascular plant biodiversity of Dorset and Mallik islands, Nunavut, Canada: an annotated checklist of a middle Arctic flora in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 471 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-192
Author(s):  
JEFFERY M. SAARELA ◽  
PAUL C. SOKOLOFF ◽  
ROGER D. BULL
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Vascular Plant Diversity ◽  
Diapensia Lapponica ◽  
Circumpolar Arctic ◽  
Annotated Checklist

Establishing a baseline of current Arctic vascular plant diversity and distribution is critical, given the rapid and major environmental changes occurring in the Arctic ecozone in response to climate change. Here, we report the results of a floristic study of vascular plant diversity of Dorset and Mallik islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Nunavut, Canada. These two small islands lie off the coast of the Foxe Peninsula of southwestern Baffin Island, and they are part of the Circumpolar Arctic bioclimate Subzone C. The hamlet of Kinngait (formerly Cape Dorset) is located on Dorset Island, and Nunavut’s Mallikjuak Territorial Park encompasses all of Mallik Island. The study is based on a specimen-based dataset comprising 876 unique collections from the two islands gathered over the last century, including 268 new ones collected in 2015. Results are presented in an annotated checklist. The vascular plant flora of the study area comprises 26 families, 71 genera, 150 species and three infraspecific taxa; 139 species are recorded on Dorset Island and 102 on Mallik Island. Eleven taxa are newly recorded from the study area in six families: Carex rupestris, Eriophorum scheuchzeri subsp. scheuchzeri, E. triste (Cyperaceae); Diapensia lapponica (Diapensiaceae); Equisetum arvense subsp. alpestre (Equisetaceae); Oxytropis deflexa var. foliolosa (Fabaceae); Potentilla arenosa subsp. arenosa, P. hyparctica subsp. hyparctica (Rosaceae); Antennaria friesiana subsp. friesiana, Askellia pygmaea, and Taraxacum phymatocarpum (Asteraceae).

Phylogenetic relationships of Australian Poa (Poaceae: Poinae), including molecular evidence for two new genera, Saxipoa and Sylvipoa

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn J. Gillespie ◽  
Robert J. Soreng ◽  
Surrey W. L. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

Phylogenetic relationships among Australian species of Poa and other subtribe Poinae genera were studied on the basis of plastid trnT–trnL–trnF and nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS DNA sequence data. Molecular evidence is provided for two new monotypic endemic Australian genera, Sylvipoa and Saxipoa, on the basis of two species formerly included in Poa, P. queenslandica and P. saxicola, respectively. Both new genera resolved in a clade with three subtribe Poinae genera, the Australian genus Hookerochloa, the South American genus Nicoraepoa, and the arctic genus Arctagrostis. Sylvipoa and Nicoraepoa are sister taxa. Saxipoa resolved as sister to these plus Arctagrostis, but also shares DNA sequence characters with Hookerochloa, suggesting a possible hybrid origin. All other Australian Poa species studied resolved in a subclade within the P. subgenus Poa supersection Homalopoa clade, supporting their classification together in an expanded P. section Brizoides. Five New Zealand and one New Guinea species also resolved in this subclade, supporting their membership in this section. We postulate a minimum of two dispersal events into Australia, one for Poa and one for other Poinae genera, and a minimum of three into New Zealand and two into New Guinea for Poa.

scholarly journals Setting the evolutionary timeline: Tillandsia landbeckii in the Chilean Atacama Desert

2021 ◽  
Vol 307 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Möbus ◽  
Christiane Kiefer ◽  
Dietmar Quandt ◽  
Michael H. Barfuss ◽  
Marcus A. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Bare Sand ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
Typical Configuration ◽  
Size Estimates

AbstractThe Chilean Atacama Desert is among the oldest deserts of the world. Here, Tillandsia landbeckii is forming a unique vegetation type known as Tillandsia lomas. This vegetation consists in its typical configuration of one single vascular plant species only and forms regular linear structures in a sloped landscape and is largely depending on fog occurrence as dominant source of water supply. Without developing a typical root system, there are only few other terrestrial Tillandsia species growing on bare sand in Chile and Peru such as T. marconae, T. virescens, T. purpureaor T. latifolia. Although phylogenetic evidence is limited, convergent evolution of this unique growth behavior is evident. The predominantly arid and hyper-arid climate exists since the Early Miocene, which raises the question about timing of T. landbeckii evolutionary history. Phylogenomic analyses using whole plastome sequence data highlight the onset of diversification in T. landbeckii approximately 500,000 years ago. We also demonstrate subsequent secondary genetic contact with T. purpurea during the Late Pleistocene using DNA sequence data and genome size estimates, which resulted into the formation of T. marconae.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Re-Examination of Nine Rosellinia Types (Ascomycota, Xylariales) Stored in the Saccardo Mycological Collection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Niccolò Forin ◽  
Alfredo Vizzini ◽  
Federico Fainelli ◽  
Enrico Ercole ◽  
Barbara Baldan
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Its2 Sequence ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Its1 Sequence ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Nomen Novum

In a recent monograph on the genus Rosellinia, type specimens worldwide were revised and re-classified using a morphological approach. Among them, some came from Pier Andrea Saccardo’s fungarium stored in the Herbarium of the Padova Botanical Garden. In this work, we taxonomically re-examine via a morphological and molecular approach nine different Roselliniasensu Saccardo types. ITS1 and/or ITS2 sequences were successfully obtained applying Illumina MiSeq technology and phylogenetic analyses were carried out in order to elucidate their current taxonomic position. Only the ITS1 sequence was recovered for Rosellinia areolata, while for R. geophila, only the ITS2 sequence was recovered. We proposed here new combinations for Rosellinia chordicola, R. geophila and R. horridula, while for R. ambigua, R. areolata, R. australis, R. romana and R. somala, we did not suggest taxonomic changes compared to the current ones. The name Rosellinia subsimilis Sacc. is invalid, as it is a later homonym of R. subsimilis P. Karst. & Starbäck. Therefore, we introduced Coniochaeta dakotensis as a nomen novum for R. subsimilis Sacc. This is the first time that these types have been subjected to a molecular study. Our results demonstrate that old types are an important source of DNA sequence data for taxonomic re-examinations.

scholarly journals Using next generation sequencing of alpine plants to improve fecal metabarcoding diet analysis for Dall’s sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly E. Williams ◽  
Damian M. Menning ◽  
Eric J. Wald ◽  
Sandra L. Talbot ◽  
Kumi L. Rattenbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Alpine Plants ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Reference Library ◽  
Ovis Dalli ◽  
Plant Animal Interactions ◽  
Dall’S Sheep ◽  
Northwestern North America

Abstract Objectives Dall’s sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) are important herbivores in the mountainous ecosystems of northwestern North America, and recent declines in some populations have sparked concern. Our aim was to improve capabilities for fecal metabarcoding diet analysis of Dall’s sheep and other herbivores by contributing new sequence data for arctic and alpine plants. This expanded reference library will provide critical reference sequence data that will facilitate metabarcoding diet analysis of Dall’s sheep and thus improve understanding of plant-animal interactions in a region undergoing rapid climate change. Data description We provide sequences for the chloroplast rbcL gene of 16 arctic-alpine vascular plant species that are known to comprise the diet of Dall’s sheep. These sequences contribute to a growing reference library that can be used in diet studies of arctic herbivores.

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