scholarly journals Common metabolic constraints on dive duration in endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Hayward ◽  
Mariela Pajuelo ◽  
Catherine G. Haase ◽  
David M. Anderson ◽  
James F. Gillooly
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mass Dependence ◽  
Oxygen Store ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Dive duration in air-breathing vertebrates is thought to be constrained by the volume of oxygen stored in the body and the rate at which it is consumed (i.e., “oxygen store/usage hypothesis”). The body mass-dependence of dive duration among endothermic vertebrates is largely supportive of this model, but previous analyses of ectothermic vertebrates show no such body mass-dependence. Here we show that dive duration in both endotherms and ectotherms largely support the oxygen store/usage hypothesis after accounting for the well-established effects of temperature on oxygen consumption rates. Analyses of the body mass and temperature dependence of dive duration in 181 species of endothermic vertebrates and 29 species of ectothermic vertebrates show that dive duration increases as a power law with body mass, and decreases exponentially with increasing temperature. Thus, in the case of ectothermic vertebrates, changes in environmental temperature will likely impact the foraging ecology of divers.

scholarly journals Common metabolic constraints on dive duration in endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Hayward ◽  
Mariela Pajuelo ◽  
Catherine G. Haase ◽  
David M. Anderson ◽  
James F. Gillooly
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mass Dependence ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Dive duration in air-breathing vertebrates is thought to be constrained by the volume of oxygen stored in the body and the rate at which it is consumed (i.e., “o xygen store/usage hypothesis” ). The body mass-dependence of dive duration among endothermic vertebrates is largely supportive of this model, but previous analyses of ectothermic vertebrates show no such body mass-dependence. Here we show that dive duration in both endotherms and ectotherms largely support the oxygen store/usage hypothesis after accounting for the well-established effects of temperature on oxygen consumption rates. Analyses of the body mass and temperature dependence of dive duration in 181 species of endothermic vertebrates and 29 species of ectothermic vertebrates show that dive duration increases as a power law with body mass, and decreases exponentially with increasing temperature. Thus, in the case of ectothermic vertebrates, changes in environmental temperature will likely impact the foraging ecology of divers.

scholarly journals Common metabolic constraints on dive duration in endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Hayward ◽  
Mariela Pajuelo ◽  
Catherine G. Haase ◽  
David M. Anderson ◽  
James F. Gillooly
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mass Dependence ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Dive duration in air-breathing vertebrates is thought to be constrained by the volume of oxygen stored in the body and the rate at which it is consumed (i.e., “o xygen store/usage hypothesis” ). The body mass-dependence of dive duration among endothermic vertebrates is largely supportive of this model, but previous analyses of ectothermic vertebrates show no such body mass-dependence. Here we show that dive duration in both endotherms and ectotherms largely support the oxygen store/usage hypothesis after accounting for the well-established effects of temperature on oxygen consumption rates. Analyses of the body mass and temperature dependence of dive duration in 181 species of endothermic vertebrates and 29 species of ectothermic vertebrates show that dive duration increases as a power law with body mass, and decreases exponentially with increasing temperature. Thus, in the case of ectothermic vertebrates, changes in environmental temperature will likely impact the foraging ecology of divers.

scholarly journals Body mass scaling of passive oxygen diffusion in endotherms and ectotherms

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (19) ◽  
pp. 5340-5345 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Gillooly ◽  
Juan Pablo Gomez ◽  
Evgeny V. Mavrodiev ◽  
Yue Rong ◽  
Eric S. McLamore
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Oxygen Diffusion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Mass Dependence ◽  
Diffusion Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Mass Scaling ◽  
Consumption Rates

The area and thickness of respiratory surfaces, and the constraints they impose on passive oxygen diffusion, have been linked to differences in oxygen consumption rates and/or aerobic activity levels in vertebrates. However, it remains unclear how respiratory surfaces and associated diffusion rates vary with body mass across vertebrates, particularly in relation to the body mass scaling of oxygen consumption rates. Here we address these issues by first quantifying the body mass dependence of respiratory surface area and respiratory barrier thickness for a diversity of endotherms (birds and mammals) and ectotherms (fishes, amphibians, and reptiles). Based on these findings, we then use Fick’s law to predict the body mass scaling of oxygen diffusion for each group. Finally, we compare the predicted body mass dependence of oxygen diffusion to that of oxygen consumption in endotherms and ectotherms. We find that the slopes and intercepts of the relationships describing the body mass dependence of passive oxygen diffusion in these two groups are statistically indistinguishable from those describing the body mass dependence of oxygen consumption. Thus, the area and thickness of respiratory surfaces combine to match oxygen diffusion capacity to oxygen consumption rates in both air- and water-breathing vertebrates. In particular, the substantially lower oxygen consumption rates of ectotherms of a given body mass relative to those of endotherms correspond to differences in oxygen diffusion capacity. These results provide insights into the long-standing effort to understand the structural attributes of organisms that underlie the body mass scaling of oxygen consumption.

scholarly journals A broad-scale comparison of aerobic activity levels in vertebrates: endotherms versus ectotherms

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1849) ◽  
pp. 20162328 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Gillooly ◽  
Juan Pablo Gomez ◽  
Evgeny V. Mavrodiev
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Mass Dependence ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Mass Scaling ◽  
Heart Mass ◽  
Consumption Rates

Differences in the limits and range of aerobic activity levels between endotherms and ectotherms remain poorly understood, though such differences help explain basic differences in species' lifestyles (e.g. movement patterns, feeding modes, and interaction rates). We compare the limits and range of aerobic activity in endotherms (birds and mammals) and ectotherms (fishes, reptiles, and amphibians) by evaluating the body mass-dependence of VO 2 max, aerobic scope, and heart mass in a phylogenetic context based on a newly constructed vertebrate supertree. Contrary to previous work, results show no significant differences in the body mass scaling of minimum and maximum oxygen consumption rates with body mass within endotherms or ectotherms. For a given body mass, resting rates and maximum rates were 24-fold and 30-fold lower, respectively, in ectotherms than endotherms. Factorial aerobic scope ranged from five to eight in both groups, with scope in endotherms showing a modest body mass-dependence. Finally, maximum consumption rates and aerobic scope were positively correlated with residual heart mass. Together, these results quantify similarities and differences in the potential for aerobic activity among ectotherms and endotherms from diverse environments. They provide insights into the models and mechanisms that may underlie the body mass-dependence of oxygen consumption.

Body mass and dive duration in alcids and penguins

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1838-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Watanuki ◽  
Alan E Burger
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Allometric Exponent ◽  
Oxygen Store ◽  
Mass Effects ◽  
Aerobic Dive Limit ◽  
Oxygen Stores

Interspecific allometric equations for dive duration were calculated for two groups of wing-propelled divers: penguins, which specializing in diving, and alcids, which balance demands for aerial flying with those of diving. The equations for maximum dive duration (min) were 1.433M0.702 and 3.612M0.735 (where M is body mass in kilograms) for penguins (10 species) and alcids (9 species), respectively, hence did not support a simple oxygen store/usage hypothesis based on the prediction that the mass exponent of aerobic dive limit is close to 0.25. Equations for feeding dives were 0.569M0.712 and 1.094M0.391 in penguins (9 species) and alcids (10 species), respectively. The allometric exponent for the duration of feeding dives for penguins did not match the predicted value of 0.25, but that for alcids did not differ significantly from this value. Alcids exhibited a maximum dive duration 2.5 times longer than that for penguins after mass effects were controlled for. The size of oxygen stores and metabolic rates based on laboratory studies of penguins and alcids failed to explain the longer dive duration in alcids than in penguins.

scholarly journals Unifying ecological stoichiometry and metabolic theory to predict production and trophic transfer in a marine planktonic food web

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1694) ◽  
pp. 20150270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie D. Moorthi ◽  
Jennifer A. Schmitt ◽  
Alexey Ryabov ◽  
Ioannis Tsakalakis ◽  
Bernd Blasius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Ecological Stoichiometry ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Metabolic Theory ◽  
Planktonic Food ◽  
Compensatory Feeding ◽  
Nutrient Effects ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Two ecological frameworks have been used to explain multitrophic interactions, but rarely in combination: (i) ecological stoichiometry (ES), explaining consumption rates in response to consumers' demand and prey's nutrient content; and (ii) metabolic theory of ecology (MTE), proposing that temperature and body mass affect metabolic rates, growth and consumption rates. Here we combined both, ES and MTE to investigate interactive effects of phytoplankton prey stoichiometry, temperature and zooplankton consumer body mass on consumer grazing rates and production in a microcosm experiment. A simple model integrating parameters from both frameworks was used to predict interactive effects of temperature and nutrient conditions on consumer performance. Overall, model predictions reflected experimental patterns well: consumer grazing rates and production increased with temperature, as could be expected based on MTE. With decreasing algal food quality, grazing rates increased due to compensatory feeding, while consumer growth rates and final biovolume decreased. Nutrient effects on consumer biovolume increased with increasing temperature, while nutrient effects on grazing rates decreased. Highly interactive effects of temperature and nutrient supply indicate that combining the frameworks of ES and MTE is highly important to enhance our ability to predict ecosystem functioning in the context of global change.

191: Does the Body Mass Index Affect the Outcome Following Reconstruction of Orthotopic Neobladder?

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 64-64
Author(s):  
Murugesan Manoharan ◽  
Martha A. Reyes ◽  
Alan M. Nieder ◽  
Bruce R. Kava ◽  
MarkS Soloway
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Orthotopic Neobladder

EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Subramanyam ◽  
Dr. P. Subhash Babu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Group B

Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affected”. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory manoeuvre starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The aim of the study is to see the effect of body mass index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate values in young adults. The place of a study was done tertiary health care centre, in India for the period of 6 months. Study was performed on 80 subjects age group 20 -30 years, categorised as normal weight BMI =18.5 -24.99 kg/m2 and overweight BMI =25-29.99 kg/m2. There were 40 normal weight BMI (Group A) and 40 over weight BMI (Group B). BMI affects PEFR. Increase in BMI decreases PEFR. Early identification of risk individuals prior to the onset of disease is imperative in our developing country. Keywords: BMI, PEFR.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document