scholarly journals Development of a novel clinical scoring system for on-farm diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves

PeerJ ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e238 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Love ◽  
Terry W. Lehenbauer ◽  
Philip H. Kass ◽  
Alison L. Van Eenennaam ◽  
Sharif S. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Clinical Scoring ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Agreement between bovine respiratory disease scoring systems for pre-weaned dairy calves

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif S. Aly ◽  
William J. Love ◽  
Deniece R. Williams ◽  
Terry W. Lehenbauer ◽  
Alison Van Eenennaam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Scoring ◽  
Case Status ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
On Farm

AbstractClinical scoring systems have been proposed for respiratory disease diagnosis in calves, including the Wisconsin (WI) system (McGuirk in 2008) which uses five clinical signs, each partitioned into four levels of severity. Recently, we developed the California (CA) bovine respiratory disease (BRD) scoring system requiring less calf handling and consisting of six clinical signs, each classified as normal or abnormal. The objective of this study was to estimate the on-farm agreement between the WI and the CA scoring systems. A total of 100 calves were enrolled on a CA dairy and assessed for BRD case status using the two scoring systems simultaneously. The Kappa coefficient of agreement between these two systems was estimated to be 0.85, which indicated excellent agreement beyond chance. The simpler design and reduced calf handling required by the CA BRD scoring system may make it advantageous for on-farm use.

scholarly journals Development of a clinical scoring system for bovine respiratory disease in weaned dairy calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 7329-7344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele U. Maier ◽  
Joan D. Rowe ◽  
Terry W. Lehenbauer ◽  
Betsy M. Karle ◽  
Deniece R. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Clinical Scoring

Components of a risk assessment tool for prevention and control of bovine respiratory disease in preweaned dairy calves

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sharif S. Aly ◽  
Betsy M. Karle ◽  
Deniece R. Williams ◽  
Gabriele U. Maier ◽  
Sasha Dubrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Management Changes

Abstract Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading natural cause of death in US beef and dairy cattle, causing the annual loss of more than 1 million animals and financial losses in excess of $700 million. The multiple etiologies of BRD and its complex web of risk factors necessitate a herd-specific intervention plan for its prevention and control on dairies. Hence, a risk assessment is an important tool that producers and veterinarians can utilize for a comprehensive assessment of the management and host factors that predispose calves to BRD. The current study identifies the steps taken to develop the first BRD risk assessment tool and its components, namely the BRD risk factor questionnaire, the BRD scoring system, and a herd-specific BRD control and prevention plan. The risk factor questionnaire was designed to inquire on aspects of calf-rearing including management practices that affect calf health generally, and BRD specifically. The risk scores associated with each risk factor investigated in the questionnaire were estimated based on data from two observational studies. Producers can also estimate the prevalence of BRD in their calf herds using a smart phone or tablet application that facilitates selection of a true random sample of calves for scoring using the California BRD scoring system. Based on the risk factors identified, producers and herd veterinarians can then decide the management changes needed to mitigate the calf herd's risk for BRD. A follow-up risk assessment after a duration of time sufficient for exposure of a new cohort of calves to the management changes introduced in response to the risk assessment is recommended to monitor the prevalence of BRD.

scholarly journals Association of plasma haptoglobin concentration and other biomarkers with bovine respiratory disease status in pre-weaned dairy calves

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia J. Moisá ◽  
Sharif S. Aly ◽  
Terry W. Lehenbauer ◽  
William J. Love ◽  
Paul V. Rossitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Haptoglobin Concentration ◽  
Complete Blood Counts ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Plasma Haptoglobin

We conducted a nested, case-control study of pre-weaned dairy calves ( n = 477; 4 California dairy farms) to assess the association between bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and hematologic biomarkers, including plasma haptoglobin (Hp) and plasma bactericide (PB). At each location, heifer or bull dairy calves were observed 2–4 times per week until confirmed as BRD-positive using parallel interpretation of thoracic ultrasound examination and auscultation. In addition, control calves were enrolled after being confirmed as BRD-negative using ultrasound and auscultation. Complete blood counts (CBC), PB, and Hp concentrations were measured. Hp values were higher in calves with confirmed BRD than in controls ( p < 0.01). The area under the curve (AUC) for the various biomarkers was obtained from the corresponding receiver operating characteristic curves. The AUC for Hp was 0.68, a value greater than those for PB or the remaining CBC parameters, indicating that Hp may be the most useful biomarker of BRD in pre-weaned dairy calves. The cutoff value for Hp was 0.195 g/L.

scholarly journals Regional management practices and prevalence of bovine respiratory disease in California's preweaned dairy calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 7583-7596 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Karle ◽  
G.U. Maier ◽  
W.J. Love ◽  
S.A. Dubrovsky ◽  
D.R. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Regional Management

Early detection and treatment for bovine respiratory disease

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Tim Potter
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Costs Of Treatment ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
On Farm

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex syndrome that can cause significant economic impact on farm through the immediate costs of treatment as well as long-term production losses, and increased risk of mortality or premature departure from the herd. The clinical signs and pathology are due in part to the host's response to inflammatory mediators that are produced in reaction to the presence of the pathogens. Variation in individual animals' responses to the sepsis associated with BRD result in the spectrum of clinical signs and disease severity observed on farm. The variation in clinical picture presents a diagnostic challenge for farmers and can negatively impact disease detection. The use of objective scoring systems for BRD can facilitate the detection and provide a means of monitoring disease at a herd or group level. While antimicrobials remain the mainstay of BRD treatment on farm, the use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) alongside them has become commonplace, with the aim of promoting more rapid recovery via their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic actions.

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