scholarly journals Sex expression and floral diversity inJatropha curcas: a population study in its center of origin

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de Lourdes Adriano-Anaya ◽  
Edilma Pérez-Castillo ◽  
Miguel Salvador-Figueroa ◽  
Sonia Ruiz-González ◽  
Alfredo Vázquez-Ovando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Improvement Programs

Sex expression and floral morphology studies are central to understand breeding behavior and to define the productive potential of plant genotypes. In particular, the new bioenergy cropJatropha curcasL. has been classified as a monoecious species. Nonetheless, there is no information about its reproductive diversity in the Mesoamerican region, which is considered its center of origin and diversification. Thus, we determined sex expression and floral morphology inJ. curcaspopulations from southern Mexico and Guatemala. Our results showed that most ofJ. curcasspecimens had typical inflorescences with separate sexes (monoecious); meanwhile, the rest were atypical (gynoecious, androecious, andromonoecious, androgynomonoecious). The most important variables to group these populations, based on a discriminant analysis, were: male flower diameter, female petal length and male nectary length. From southern Mexico “Guerrero” was the most diverse population, and “Centro” had the highest variability among the populations from Chiapas. A cluster analysis showed that the accessions from southern Mexico were grouped without showing any correlation with the geographical origin, while those accessions with atypical sexuality were grouped together. To answer the question of how informative are floral morphological traits compared to molecular markers, we perform a Mantel correlation test between the distance matrix generated in this study and the genetic distance matrix (AFLP) previously reported for the same accessions. We found significant correlation between data at the level of accessions. Our results contribute to design genetic improvement programs by using sexually and morphologically contrasting plants from the center of origin.

scholarly journals Sex expression and floral diversity in Jatropha curcas: A population study in its center of origin

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de Lourdes Adriano-Anaya ◽  
Edilma Pérez-Castillo ◽  
Miguel Salvador-Figueroa ◽  
Sonia Ruiz-González ◽  
José Alfredo Vázquez-Ovando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Improvement Programs

Sex expression and floral morphology studies are central to understand breeding behavior and to define the productive potential of plant genotypes. In particular, the new bioenergy crop Jatropha curcas L. has been classified as a monoecious species. Nonetheless, there is no information about its reproductive diversity in the Mesoamerican region, which is considered its center of origin and diversification. Thus, we determined sex expression and floral morphology in J. curcas populations from southern Mexico and Guatemala. Our results showed that most of J. curcas specimens had typical inflorescences separate sexes (monoecious), meanwhile the rest were atypical (gynoecious, androecious, andromonoecious, androgynomonoecious). The most important variables to group these populations, based on a discriminant analysis, were: male flower diameter, female petal length and male nectary length. From the southern Mexico "Guerrero" was the most diverse population and in Chiapas "Centro". On the other hand, a cluster analysis showed that the accessions from southern Mexico were grouped without showing any correlation with the geographical origin, while those accessions with atypical sexuality were grouped together. Additionally, a Mantel test showed a significant correlation between the distance matrix generated in this study and the genetic distance matrix (AFLP) previously reported for the same accessions. Our results contribute to design genetic improvement programs by using sexually and morphologically contrasting plants from the center of origin.

scholarly journals Sex expression and floral diversity in Jatropha curcas: A population study in its center of origin

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de Lourdes Adriano-Anaya ◽  
Edilma Pérez-Castillo ◽  
Miguel Salvador-Figueroa ◽  
Sonia Ruiz-González ◽  
José Alfredo Vázquez-Ovando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Improvement Programs

Sex expression and floral morphology studies are central to understand breeding behavior and to define the productive potential of plant genotypes. In particular, the new bioenergy crop Jatropha curcas L. has been classified as a monoecious species. Nonetheless, there is no information about its reproductive diversity in the Mesoamerican region, which is considered its center of origin and diversification. Thus, we determined sex expression and floral morphology in J. curcas populations from southern Mexico and Guatemala. Our results showed that most of J. curcas specimens had typical inflorescences separate sexes (monoecious), meanwhile the rest were atypical (gynoecious, androecious, andromonoecious, androgynomonoecious). The most important variables to group these populations, based on a discriminant analysis, were: male flower diameter, female petal length and male nectary length. From the southern Mexico "Guerrero" was the most diverse population and in Chiapas "Centro". On the other hand, a cluster analysis showed that the accessions from southern Mexico were grouped without showing any correlation with the geographical origin, while those accessions with atypical sexuality were grouped together. Additionally, a Mantel test showed a significant correlation between the distance matrix generated in this study and the genetic distance matrix (AFLP) previously reported for the same accessions. Our results contribute to design genetic improvement programs by using sexually and morphologically contrasting plants from the center of origin.

REGULATION OF SEX EXPRESSION IN DESERT AND MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS OF AN ANDROMONOECIOUS PLANT (GAGEA CHLORANTHA, LILIACEAE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorne M. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Rainfall Gradient ◽  
Hermaphrodite Flower ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Female Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Male Flowers

This study examined issues related to the ecology of andromonoecy in Gagea chlorantha (Liliaceae), a perennial geophyte that grows in desert and Mediterranean-type habitats in Israel. Andromonoecy is a plant sexual system where individuals produce both male and hermaphrodite flowers and is thought to have evolved to optimize resource allocation to male and female function. Individuals of this species produced 1–6 flowers, and flower production was significantly correlated with the size of the storage organ (bulb). Three sexual phenotypes were found to exist: those that made only male flowers, plants that made only hermaphrodite flowers, and those that produced both flower types. Two lines of evidence suggest that hermaphroditic reproduction is more costly than male reproduction: (1) hermaphroditic flowers were heavier than male flowers in terms of dry biomass; (2) bulb size was greater on single-flower plants that were hermaphrodite compared to male. In addition, bulb size was greater on multiple-flowered plants that made a hermaphrodite flower as the last flower, compared to those that made a male flower. The floral sex ratio varied extensively along a latitudinal rainfall gradient within Israel. The five Mediterranean populations were male-biased. In contrast, the production of males in the three Negev desert populations was extremely rare, and approximately 94% of the flowers were hermaphrodite. The difference in sex ratio between the two habitat types is explained in terms of environmental unpredictability.

Andromonoecious sex expression of flowers and pollinia delivery by insects in a Japanese milkweed Metaplexis japonica (Asclepiadaceae), with special reference to its floral morphology

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAJIME TANAKA ◽  
TAKEO HATANO ◽  
NORIKO KANEKO ◽  
SUGATAKO KAWACHINO ◽  
OSAMU KITAMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Sex Expression

High morphological diversity of Amaranthus cruentus (Amaranthaceae) and its putative wild ancestor revealed by pistillate floral characterization in the proposed domestication center of origin

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 439 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-230
Author(s):  
KAREN Z. SOLÍS-FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
ERICK A. AGUILERA-CAUICH ◽  
ROLANDO CIFUENTES-VELASQUEZ ◽  
HILDA FLORES-OLVERA ◽  
RUBÉN H. ANDUEZA-NOH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Wild Progenitor ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
Grain Amaranth ◽  
Mayan Civilization

Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) is a widespread genus that includes noxious weeds, economically important species for food, forage, medicinals and ornamentals. Three species of Amaranthus have been cultivated for their grain in the world, i.e. A. hypochondriacus, A. caudatus, and A. cruentus. It has been postulated that A. cruentus was domesticated from the probable wild progenitor A. hybridus, and that the domestication event occurred between southern Mexico and Guatemala, the region where the Mayan civilization flourished. Morphological variation in this grain amaranth and its putative wild progenitor has been poorly documented, even though this area is a possible center of domestication of A. cruentus. Samples of A. cruentus, A. hybridus, hybrids between these two species and aberrant morphotypes collected were studied morphologically using multivariate statistical methods on pistillate floral characters to (1) assess the diversity of grain amaranth A. cruentus and its postulated wild progenitor A. hybridus in the proposed domestication center of origin, (2) test the hypothesis that some hybrids and aberrant morphotypes found in the region can be morphologically differentiated from A. hybridus and A. cruentus based on statistical analyses, and (3) test and review the diagnostic characters traditionally used for assessing species circumscription. Our results showed high morphological diversity for these two species in the study region, indicating differentiation of both species, apparently based primarily on hybridization. Morphological variants on flower, bract, sepal, seed, and fruit characters were significant for confirming and circumscribing species.

Floral development of Maidenia rubra Rendle, (Hydrocharitaceae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA McConchie
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Male Inflorescence ◽  
Single Flower

Floral development of Maidenia rubra was followed from initiation to maturity. Plants are dioecious. Both male and female inflorescences develop from complexes initiated subapically. Complexes have three meristematic components that include two inflorescence initials flanking a central primordium; these form sequentially in the axil of the preceding initial. The third component also produces an inflorescence and branches sympodially to form further floral initials that have a spiral arrangement. The female inflorescences produce a single flower only with an inferior, unilocular ovary and three sepals, staminodes and bifid stigma. In the locule, numerous bitegmic ovules, borne panetally, are produced. A male inflorescence produces hundreds of small flowers that are released and float to the surface individually. Each male flower has three sepals, a staminode and two stamens, each anther consisting of three locules with eight pollen grains. Prior to maturation, the anther wall breaks down leaving a membraneous layer that assists in binding the octad of pollen grains together. Both male and female inflorescences are enclosed in a pair of fused bracts. The floral morphology is compared with other closely related genera in the Hydrocharitaceae and the unique features are assessed.

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