scholarly journals Winter diet and food selection of the Black-necked CraneGrus nigricollisin Dashanbao, Yunnan, China

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yan Dong ◽  
Guang Yi Lu ◽  
Xing Yao Zhong ◽  
Xiao Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
Selection Of

The Black-necked CraneGrus nigricollisis a globally vulnerable species whose food is the factor determining its long-term survival. Understanding dietary habits, food preferences, and related factors will facilitate the development of effective conservation plans for the protection of this vulnerable species. For this purpose, we used video recordings and sampling of food availability to examine the dietary composition and temporal variation in food selection of Black-necked Cranes wintering in the Dashanbao National Nature Reserve, China. The Black-necked Crane’s diet consists primarily of domestic food crops such as grains (74%) and potatoes (8%), in addition to invertebrates (14%). A much smaller proportion of the diet was comprised of turnips and wild herbaceous plants and tubers. There was monthly variation in food selection, partially related to food availability. Grains were most available in November and decreased through the winter, whereas invertebrates were more available in November and February than in December and January. Grain consumption was lowest in November but higher from December through February. Invertebrate consumption was highest in November and February. The cranes preferred to eat grains throughout winter months, while they mainly selected invertebrates in November and February. We suggested invertebrate populations sharply declined in December and January due to the low temperature. In addition, grain consumption was negatively associated with invertebrate availability. In November, when invertebrates were most abundant, and despite a concomitant peak in grain abundance, we suggested cranes exhibited a preference for invertebrates over grains. We recommend that the protection administration provide appropriate supplemental foods for cranes during freezing weather.

scholarly journals An assessment of gender norms of dietary habits at the time of climate change in Chandigarh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj Das
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

PurposeThe purpose of this present paper is twofold: (1) to study the role of gender in food preferences and (2) to study the change in food choice due to climate change in Chandigarh, India. Thus, the hypothesis developed are that (1) there is a significant effect of environmental change on the dietary habits of the women and (2) gender norms are significant in the selection of foods in Chandigarh.Design/methodology/approachThe literature review was done with the help of NVivo 11, and for quantitative data analysis, SPSS version 22 is used.FindingsThe study concluded that societal gender norms were not significant for women in the choice of food. Also, climate change and women are an essential factor in food preferences at the household level.Originality/valueWhile framing the adaptation policy and programs at the institutional level, the cultural and traditional knowledge gets little attention. Hence, the present paper will contribute in the policy-making from a gender perspective.

scholarly journals Diets and Food Selection of Female Mallards and Blue-Winged Teal During Spring Migration

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Tidwell ◽  
Elisabeth B. Webb ◽  
Mark P. Vrtiska ◽  
Andrew A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Isolated Wetlands ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Anas Discors ◽  
Food Items ◽  
South Central ◽  
Wintering Areas ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Waterfowl nutritional requirements and food availability at migration stopover habitats may differ from those at nesting or wintering areas. Although there is little information on factors that influence waterfowl diets and food selection during migration, we hypothesized that bird age and wetland density in the surrounding landscape would influence food selection. Thus, the objective of this study was to quantify mallard Anas platyrhynchos and blue-winged teal Anas discors diets during migration and evaluate effects of age and wetland density on waterfowl food selection. We collected 30 mallards and 29 blue-winged teal with food items present in esophagi from wetlands in south-central Nebraska during spring 2008 and 2009. Smartweed Polygonum spp. and barnyard grass Echinochloa spp. were the most common seeds found in both mallards and blue-winged teal, while Naididae and Chironomidae larvae were the most common invertebrates in mallard and blue-winged teal diets, respectively. Invertebrates were consumed by both species in greater proportion than available. Both mallards and blue-winged teal collected in wetland complexes selected some seeds over others, whereas birds in isolated wetlands foraged on foods in proportion to availability. After-hatch-year mallards also selected for some seeds over others, as compared with hatch-year birds, which foraged opportunistically on available foods. If after-hatch-year birds and birds in wetland complexes are able to be more selective in their diets relative to food availability at individual wetlands, they may be able to acquire and replenish lipids reserves more efficiently than hatch-year birds or birds in areas with lower wetland densities.

scholarly journals Marked progress in AL amyloidosis survival: a 40-year longitudinal natural history study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Staron ◽  
Luke Zheng ◽  
Gheorghe Doros ◽  
Lawreen H. Connors ◽  
Lisa M. Mendelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Al Amyloidosis ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Natural History Study ◽  
Boston University ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Patient Subgroups ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe recent decades have ushered in considerable advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis. As disease outcomes improve, AL amyloidosis-unrelated factors may impact mortality. In this study, we evaluated survival trends and primary causes of death among 2337 individuals with AL amyloidosis referred to the Boston University Amyloidosis Center. Outcomes were analyzed according to date of diagnosis: 1980-1989 (era 1), 1990-1999 (era 2), 2000-2009 (era 3), and 2010-2019 (era 4). Overall survival increased steadily with median values of 1.4, 2.6, 3.3, and 4.6 years for eras 1–4, respectively (P < 0.001). Six-month mortality decreased over time from 23% to 13%. Wide gaps in survival persisted amid patient subgroups; those with age at diagnosis ≥70 years had marginal improvements over time. Most deaths were attributable to disease-related factors, with cardiac failure (32%) and sudden unexpected death (23%) being the leading causes. AL amyloidosis-unrelated mortality increased across eras (from 3% to 16% of deaths) and with longer-term survival (29% of deaths occurring >10 years after diagnosis). Under changing standards of care, survival improved and early mortality declined over the last 40 years. These findings support a more optimistic outlook for patients with AL amyloidosis.

scholarly journals Correlates of Transitions in Food Insecurity Status during the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Ethnically Diverse Households in Central Texas

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2597
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Janda ◽  
Nalini Ranjit ◽  
Deborah Salvo ◽  
Aida Nielsen ◽  
Pablo Lemoine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
June July

Food insecurity increased substantially in the USA during the early stages of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to identify potential sociodemographic and food access-related factors that were associated with continuing or transitioning into food insecurity in a diverse population. An electronic survey was completed by 367 households living in low-income communities in Central Texas during June–July 2020. Multinomial logistic regression models were developed to examine the associations among food insecurity transitions during COVID-19 and various sociodemographic and food access-related factors, including race/ethnicity, children in the household, loss of employment/wages, language, and issues with food availability, accessibility, affordability, and stability during the pandemic. Sociodemographic and food access-related factors associated with staying or becoming newly food insecure were similar but not identical. Having children in the household, changes in employment/wages, changing shopping location due to food availability, accessibility and/or affordability issues, issues with food availability, and stability of food supply were associated with becoming newly food insecure and staying food insecure during the pandemic. Identifying as Latino and/or Black was associated with staying food insecure during COVID-19. These findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic did not create new food insecurity disparities. Rather, the pandemic exacerbated pre-existing disparities.

Observational Effects on the Food Preferences of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 108835762095436
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Cihon ◽  
Mary Jane Weiss ◽  
Julia L. Ferguson ◽  
Justin B. Leaf ◽  
Thomas Zane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Observational Learning ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Food Selectivity ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Learning Procedure ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
Selection Of

Research addressing food selectivity has involved intrusive techniques such as escape extinction. It is possible that observational learning methods employed in previous studies could provide the desired results with respect to food selectivity without the need for invasive physical interventions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an observational learning procedure on the selection of food items of three children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Baseline consisted of a simple task after which a choice was presented between high- and low-preferred foods. The intervention consisted of observing an adult engage in the same task and selecting the low-preferred food while making favorable comments and engaging with the food in novel ways. The results of a reversal design demonstrated that selection of the low-preferred food only occurred following the introduction of the intervention, and all three participants engaged in flexible responding as a result of the intervention.

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