scholarly journals Host plant use drives genetic differentiation in syntopic populations ofMaculinea alcon

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Tartally ◽  
Andreas Kelager ◽  
Matthias A. Fürst ◽  
David R. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Ant Nest ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
Population Substructuring ◽  
Host Plant Use

The rare socially parasitic butterflyMaculinea alconoccurs in two forms, which are characteristic of hygric or xeric habitats and which exploit different host plants and host ants. The status of these two forms has been the subject of considerable controversy. Populations of the two forms are usually spatially distinct, but at Răscruci in Romania both forms occur on the same site (syntopically). We examined the genetic differentiation between the two forms using eight microsatellite markers, and compared with a nearby hygric site, Şardu. Our results showed that while the two forms are strongly differentiated at Răscruci, it is the xeric form there that is most similar to the hygric form at Şardu, and Bayesian clustering algorithms suggest that these two populations have exchanged genes relatively recently. We found strong evidence for population substructuring, caused by high within host ant nest relatedness, indicating very limited dispersal of most ovipositing females, but not association with particular host ant species. Our results are consistent with the results of larger scale phylogeographic studies that suggest that the two forms represent local ecotypes specialising on different host plants, each with a distinct flowering phenology, providing a temporal rather than spatial barrier to gene flow.

scholarly journals Host plant use drives genetic differentiation in syntopic populations of Maculinea alcon

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Tartally ◽  
Andreas Kelager ◽  
Matthias A Fürst ◽  
David R Nash
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Genetic Barrier ◽  
The Status ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
Population Substructuring ◽  
Maculinea Alcon

The rare socially parasitic butterfly Maculinea alcon occurs in two forms, which are characteristic of hygric or xeric habitats, and which exploit different host plants and host ants. The status of these two forms has been the subject of considerable controversy. Populations of the two forms are usually spatially distinct, but at Răscruci in Romania both forms occurs syntopically. We examined the genetic differentiation between the two forms using eight microsatellite markers, using samples from a nearby hygric site as out group. Our results showed that while the two forms are strongly differentiated at Răscruci, it is the xeric form there that is most similar to the hygric form at Şardu, and Bayesian clustering algorithms suggest that these two populations have exchanged genes relatively recently. We found strong evidence for population substructuring, caused by high within-nest relatedness, not association with host ants use, indicating very limited dispersal of most ovipositing females. Our results are consistent with the results of larger scale phylogeographic studies that suggest that the two forms represent local ecotypes specialising on different host plants, each with a distinct flowering phenology, and is an example of a genetic barrier operating on a temporal scale rather than spatial

scholarly journals Host plant use drives genetic differentiation in syntopic populations of Maculinea alcon

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Tartally ◽  
Andreas Kelager ◽  
Matthias A Fürst ◽  
David R Nash
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Genetic Barrier ◽  
The Status ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
Population Substructuring ◽  
Maculinea Alcon

The rare socially parasitic butterfly Maculinea alcon occurs in two forms, which are characteristic of hygric or xeric habitats, and which exploit different host plants and host ants. The status of these two forms has been the subject of considerable controversy. Populations of the two forms are usually spatially distinct, but at Răscruci in Romania both forms occurs syntopically. We examined the genetic differentiation between the two forms using eight microsatellite markers, using samples from a nearby hygric site as out group. Our results showed that while the two forms are strongly differentiated at Răscruci, it is the xeric form there that is most similar to the hygric form at Şardu, and Bayesian clustering algorithms suggest that these two populations have exchanged genes relatively recently. We found strong evidence for population substructuring, caused by high within-nest relatedness, not association with host ants use, indicating very limited dispersal of most ovipositing females. Our results are consistent with the results of larger scale phylogeographic studies that suggest that the two forms represent local ecotypes specialising on different host plants, each with a distinct flowering phenology, and is an example of a genetic barrier operating on a temporal scale rather than spatial

scholarly journals Bioinvasions of the Medfly Ceratitis capitata: Source Estimation Using DNA Sequences at Multiple Intron Loci

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Davies ◽  
Francis X Villablanca ◽  
George K Roderick
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Traditional Population

Abstract The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, is a devastating agricultural pest that threatens to become established in vulnerable areas such as California and Florida. Considerable controversy surrounds the status of Californian medfly infestations: Do they represent repeated introductions or the persistence of a resident population? Attempts to resolve this question using traditional population genetic markers and statistical methods are problematic because the most likely source populations in Latin America were themselves only recently colonized and are genetically very similar. Here, significant population structure among several New World medfly populations is demonstrated through the analysis of DNA sequence variation at four intron loci. Surprisingly, in these newly founded populations, estimates of population structure increase when measures of subdivision take into account the relatedness of alleles as well as their frequency. A nonequilibrium, likelihood-based statistical test that utilizes multilocus genotypes suggests that the sole medfly captured in California during 1996 was introduced from Latin America and was less likely to be a remnant of an ancestral Californian population. Many bioinvasions are hierarchical in nature, consisting of several sequential or overlapping invasion events, the totality of which can be termed a metainvasion. Phylogenetic data from multilocus DNA sequences will be vital to understanding the evolutionary and ecological processes that underlie metainvasions and to resolving their constituent levels.

scholarly journals Worldwide Feeding Host Plants of Spotted Lanternfly, With Significant Additions From North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Barringer ◽  
Claire M Ciafré
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
North American ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Invasive Insect ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
Host Plant Use

Abstract The spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula (White) is an invasive insect spreading throughout southeast Asia and eastern North America. The rapid spread of this species is facilitated by the prevalence of its preferred host, tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle), as well as its use of many other host plants. While the spotted lanternfly has been previously reported to use over 65 plant species, most of these reports are from Asia and may not be applicable in North America. Additionally, many of the known hosts have not been specified as feeding hosts or as egg laying substrates. To better understand the potential impacts of this invasive insect on natural and cultivated systems in North America, we reviewed records from published and unpublished results and observations of host plant use by spotted lanternfly. We aggregated 172 host plant records worldwide and found feeding behaviors associated with 103 plant taxa across 33 families and 17 orders, 20 of which were not previously known to be associated with SLF and 15 of which were not confirmed as feeding hosts. North American records account for 56 of these taxa which include native, cultivated, and nonnative species. As a result, the spotted lanternfly has the potential to impact a wide assortment of ecosystems throughout its potential range and its North American distribution may not be limited by the presence of tree of heaven.

Allozyme Evidence of Genetic Differentiation Between Populations of Hediste Diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae) from the Western Mediterranean

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abbiati ◽  
F. Maltagliati
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Hediste Diversicolor ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Distance Model ◽  
Limited Dispersal

The occurrence of genetic differentiation among western Mediterranean Hediste diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae) populations was assessed by allozyme electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. Seventeen loci were analysed in four populations. The level of the genetic variability was markedly low (mean HL range: 0.014–0.034), but comparable to that of other brackish water nereidids. The values of Nei genetic distance index (D) confirm the existence of genetic differentiation between the geographically isolated populations at Venice, Elba, Navicelli and Serchio D range: 0.128–0.356). However, the two samples from Serchio and Navicelli, ~15 km apart, were not genetically different (D=0·00005). The level of genetic differentiation in H. diversicolor populations followed the isolation-by-distance model. Reduced gene flow among H. diversicolor populations may be explained by its limited dispersal capacity and the eco-physiological barriers that occur between different brackish habitats.

scholarly journals Genetic and Ecological Relationships of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations in Southern Mexico

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Lorena Ruiz-Montoya ◽  
Rodrigo Verónica Vallejo ◽  
David Haymer ◽  
Pablo Liedo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Southern Mexico

Knowledge of the influence of evolutionary factors that promote either the differentiation or cohesion of pest insect populations is critical for the improvement of control strategies. Here, we explore the extent to which genetic differentiation occurs between populations of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens, in association with four plant hosts (Citrus sinensis, C. paradisi, Mangifera indica and Casimiroa edulis) in the Soconusco region of Chiapas (Mexico). Using variants from six enzymatic loci, we obtained measures of genetic diversity for three sample arrangements: (1) by sex per locality, (2) by locality and (3) by host. The extent of genetic differentiation in populations was assessed using the Analyses of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) method for each array of samples, and moderate to high levels of genetic variation were observed between the sexes, as well as among localities and host plants. A Bayesian approach was then used to assess any population structure underlying the genetic data we obtained, but this analysis showed no significant structuring due to locality or host plant. We also considered whether the observed genotypic frequencies in male and females matched those expected under a hypothesis of random mating. Here we found significant deviations from expected genotypic frequencies, suggesting that sexual selection is acting on these populations. Overall, our results indicate that sexual selection, along with the presence of some heterogeneity in environments provided by both geographical factors and availability of host plants, has influenced the evolution of pest populations in this region of Mexico. Implications for area-wide pest management strategies are discussed.

scholarly journals Systematics of Schinia chrysellus (Grote) complex: Revised status of Schinia alencis (Harvey) with a description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 898 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Pogue ◽  
C. E. Harp
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Host Plant Use ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Based on morphological characters and host plant use, species related to Schinia chrysellus (Grote) are revised. Schinia alencis (Harvey) is considered a valid species, revised status. Schinia chrysel- loides, new species is closely allied with S. chrysellus, and Schinia rufocostulata, new species is related to S. ciliata Smith. Localities of collected adult moths and their asteraceous host plants are compared and illustrated with distribution maps. Adults and male and female genitalia are illustrated for each species.

scholarly journals Development and application of 14 microsatellite markers in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides reveals population genetic differentiation at local spatial scales

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Pascoal ◽  
Rebecca M. Kilner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Burying Beetle ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Population Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Nicrophorus Vespilloides ◽  
Limited Dispersal

Burying beetles (genus Nicrophorus) are relatively rare among insects in providing sophisticated parental care. Consequently, they have become model species in research analysing social evolution, the evolution of parental care and mating systems. We used the recently published N. vespilloides genome and transcriptome to develop microsatellite markers. Specifically, we developed 14 polymorphic markers with five to 13 alleles per locus and used them to investigate levels of genetic differentiation in four south Cambridgeshire (UK) populations of N. vespilloides, separated by 21 km at most. The markers revealed significant genetic structuring among populations (global FST = 0.023) with all but one of the pairwise comparisons among populations being significant. The single exception was the comparison between the two closest populations, which are approximately 2.5 km apart. In general, the microsatellite markers showed lower observed heterozygosity than expected. We infer that there is limited dispersal between populations and potentially also some inbreeding within them and suggest that this may be due to habitat fragmentation. We discuss these results in the context of recent laboratory experiments on inbreeding and beetle flight.

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