scholarly journals Consumer grade EEG devices: are they usable for control tasks?

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rytis Maskeliunas ◽  
Robertas Damasevicius ◽  
Ignas Martisius ◽  
Mindaugas Vasiljevas
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Significant Problem

We present the evaluation of two well-known, low-cost consumer-grade EEG devices: the Emotiv EPOC and the Neurosky MindWave. Problems with using the consumer-grade EEG devices (BCI illiteracy, poor technical characteristics, and adverse EEG artefacts) are discussed. The experimental evaluation of the devices, performed with 10 subjects asked to perform concentration/relaxation and blinking recognition tasks, is given. The results of statistical analysis show that both devices exhibit high variability and non-normality of attention and meditation data, which makes each of them difficult to use as an input to control tasks. BCI illiteracy may be a significant problem, as well as setting up of the proper environment of the experiment. The results of blinking recognition show that using the Neurosky device means recognition accuracy is less than 50%, while the Emotiv device has achieved a recognition accuracy of more than 75%; for tasks that require concentration and relaxation of subjects, the Emotiv EPOC device has performed better (as measured by the recognition accuracy) by ∼9%. Therefore, the Emotiv EPOC device may be more suitable for control tasks using the attention/meditation level or eye blinking than the Neurosky MindWave device.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Embedded System Using Convolutional Neural Networks-Based Spatiotemporal Feature Map for Real-Time Human Action Recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4940
Author(s):  
Jinsoo Kim ◽  
Jeongho Cho
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Action Recognition ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Human Action Recognition ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Feature Maps

The field of research related to video data has difficulty in extracting not only spatial but also temporal features and human action recognition (HAR) is a representative field of research that applies convolutional neural network (CNN) to video data. The performance for action recognition has improved, but owing to the complexity of the model, some still limitations to operation in real-time persist. Therefore, a lightweight CNN-based single-stream HAR model that can operate in real-time is proposed. The proposed model extracts spatial feature maps by applying CNN to the images that develop the video and uses the frame change rate of sequential images as time information. Spatial feature maps are weighted-averaged by frame change, transformed into spatiotemporal features, and input into multilayer perceptrons, which have a relatively lower complexity than other HAR models; thus, our method has high utility in a single embedded system connected to CCTV. The results of evaluating action recognition accuracy and data processing speed through challenging action recognition benchmark UCF-101 showed higher action recognition accuracy than the HAR model using long short-term memory with a small amount of video frames and confirmed the real-time operational possibility through fast data processing speed. In addition, the performance of the proposed weighted mean-based HAR model was verified by testing it in Jetson NANO to confirm the possibility of using it in low-cost GPU-based embedded systems.

Experimental evaluation of low-cost interrogation techniques for FBG sensors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cardoso Silveira ◽  
Alex Dante ◽  
Meysam Mohammadpour Keley ◽  
Cesar Carvalho ◽  
Regina Allil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Interrogation Techniques ◽  
Fbg Sensors

Delivering More Fit-for-Purpose Wells with Low Cost Approach at Untapped Area Matured Field – Application of Cone Concept Statistical Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hatta M. Yusof ◽  
M. Zarkashi Sulaiman ◽  
Rahimah A. Halim ◽  
Nurfaridah Ahmad Fauzi ◽  
Ahgheelan Sella Thurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Execution Phase ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Fit For Purpose

Abstract This paper discusses the Case study of Field A in offshore Sarawak, Malaysia which focus on re-thinking development based on statistical analysis of the fields. Conventionally, well design is driven by subsurface requirement by targeting the high-reserve sand and well is designed to meet subsurface objectives. However, the conventional way may not be efficient to develop matured field environment due to the high CAPEX and the inconsistencies among well design especially in current volatile oil price period. The objective of this fit-for-purpose approach which is called "Cone Concept Statistical Approach" is to steer away from the conventional way of targeting only sweet spots whilst leaving the remaining potential resources undeveloped. Based on the statistical analysis and subsurface fields pattern, the "Cone Concept Statistical Approach" in which standardizing well design and trajectories was developed to extract the whole fields’ reserve at maximum. Well design boundaries were introduced to ensure this approach can be replicated throughout the field. Not only this study covers drilling perspective, completion perspective was also taken into consideration by exploring a cheaper and fit for purpose sand control method, considering it is a matured field with relatively short remaining field life. The Well Cost Catalogue for this field-specific approach was also developed which contains different types of design and completion, in order to holistically evaluate sand control method and identify the best option for the project moving forward. This "Cone Concept Statistical Approach" aims to enable operator to drill simple wells within the same allocated budget in which poses low-to-no risk in the design and execution phase. This promotes a learning curve to improve operation & HSE, and ultimately gets positive project economics. Since this simple approach can be implemented early on even during the pre-FEL stage, the FDP team & host authority can come together to jointly discuss the targets/platform ranking and segregate them into various phases. Hence, the number of platforms or drilling centers, and its location also can be optimized early on with this concept, and again, translating into further reduction in overall project cost. This paper will help other operators and host authority to understand better on how a specific development concept on statistical approach can result and turn the matured-challenging fields into more economically attractive projects – low overall development cost and maximizing the recovery.

Experimental Evaluation of a Low-Cost RFID-Based Sensor to Crack Propagation

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 04019003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Elena Martínez-Castro ◽  
Shinae Jang ◽  
Jeongho Kim ◽  
Adam Wentworth
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Low Cost

Evaluation of an Uncooled Focal Plane Array Infrared Camera for Effusion Cooling Research

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott K. McGhee ◽  
A. M. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Thermocouple Calibration ◽  
On Line ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
Temperature Maps ◽  
High Degree

This study assessed a low-cost, uncooled ferroelectric detector infrared camera for effusion cooling research. Advances in uncooled IR technology have led to applications previously limited to research-grade cameras. The imager operated in the 7–14μm waveband and sampled up to 30 frames per second. Thermal images were made of a matte-black flat plate, downstream of two cylindrical jets with injection angles of α = 30° and 90°, and L/D = 6. Thermocouple calibration was specific to each image. Statistical analysis and image analysis yielded detailed temperature maps with uncertainty as small as 0.9°C, a spatial resolution of 0.4mm, and a sensitivity of 0.1 °C. The system compared favorably with established infrared systems. Advantages include minimal instrumentation, on-line results, and a high degree of accuracy and resolution, at significantly reduced cost.

An Experimental Evaluation of the Hamrock and Dowson Minimum Film Thickness Equation for Fully Flooded EHD Point Contacts

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Koye ◽  
W. O. Winer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Point Contacts ◽  
Lubricant Film Thickness ◽  
Minimum Film Thickness ◽  
Ellipticity Ratio

Fifty-seven measurements of the minimum lubricant film thickness separating the elastohydrodynamically lubricated point contact of a steel crowned roller and a flat sapphire disk were made by an optical interferometry technique. The data collected were used to evaluate the Hamrock and Dowson minimum EHD film thickness model over a practical range of contact ellipticity ratio where the major axis of the contact ellipse is aligned both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of motion. A statistical analysis of the measured film thickness data showed that the experimental data averaged 30 percent greater film thickness than the Hamrock and Dowson model predicts.

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