scholarly journals Taxonomic and systematic revisions to the North American Nimravidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Z. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽  
The North ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
Taxonomic Assignments ◽  
Answering Questions

The Nimravidae is a family of extinct carnivores commonly referred to as “false saber-tooth cats.” Since their initial discovery, they have prompted difficulty in taxonomic assignments and number of valid species. Past revisions have only examined a handful of genera, while recent advances in cladistic and morphometric analyses have granted us additional avenues to answering questions regarding our understanding of valid nimravid taxa and their phylogenetic relationships. To resolve issues of specific validity, the phylogenetic species concept (PSC) was utilized to maintain consistency in diagnosing valid species, while simultaneously employing character and linear morphometric analyses for confirming the validity of taxa. Determined valid species and taxonomically informative characters were then employed in two differential cladistic analyses to create competing hypotheses of interspecific relationships. The results suggest the validity of twelve species and six monophyletic genera. The first in depth reviews ofPogonodonandDinictisreturned two valid species (P. platycopis,P. davisi) for the former, while only one for the latter (D. felina). The taxonomic validity ofNanosmilusis upheld. Two main clades with substantial support were returned for all cladistic analyses, the Hoplophoneini and Nimravini, with ambiguous positions relative to these main clades for the European taxa:Eofelis,Dinailurictis bonali, andQuercylurus major; and the North American taxaDinictisandPogonodon.Eusmilusis determined to represent a non-valid genus for North American taxa, suggesting non-validity for Old World nimravid species as well. Finally,Hoplophoneus mentalisis found to be a junior synonym ofHoplophoneus primaevus, while the validity ofHoplophoneus oharraiis reinstated.

scholarly journals Systematics and bird conservation policies: the importance of species limits

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
OCTAVIO R. ROJAS-SOTO ◽  
ADOLFO G. NAVARRO-SIGÜENZA ◽  
ALEJANDRO ESPINOSA DE LOS MONTEROS
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Biological Species Concept ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Species Limits ◽  
Species List ◽  
Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽  
Species Lists

SummaryThe taxonomic criteria used as bases for endangered species lists can affect conservation policy decisions. We emphasize that the use of different taxonomic units affects the baselines of such lists. Recent taxonomic reviews for the Mexican avifauna provided the tools for assessing this effect on a highly diverse avifauna which is currently in need of serious conservation actions. Most ornithologists have used a taxonomy based on the biological species concept (BSC) to make decisions on species limits and therefore to set them into endangered species lists. However, the application of the phylogenetic species concept (PSC) as an alternative for delimiting species, results in a different panorama of what should be protected. Our analysis shows that the current official Mexican endangered species list, BSC based, encompasses 371 birds, ranked as 277 species and 94 subspecies. The same list of protected forms changes under the phylogenetic species concept because 47 of them are not recognized as valid species, while another 28 forms merit higher levels of protection. Additionally, under this concept another 11 forms should be candidates for inclusion based on their restricted distribution. We call attention to the fact that the use of one or another species concept affects endangered species lists.

scholarly journals Type studies and fourteen new North American species of Cortinarius section Anomali reveal high continental species diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1399-1439
Author(s):  
Bálint Dima ◽  
Kare Liimatainen ◽  
Tuula Niskanen ◽  
Dimitar Bojantchev ◽  
Emma Harrower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Type Studies

AbstractSection Anomali is a species-rich group in North America belonging to Cortinarius, the most diverse genus in the Agaricales. This study is based on extensive morphological investigations and molecular methods using 191 nrDNA ITS sequence data and recovered 43 phylogenetic species from which 14 are described here as new to science. We sequenced ten type materials which belonged to eight species. The synonymy of C. caesiellus with C. albidipes and C. copakensis with C. albocyaneus is proposed here. The North American occurrence of four species (C. albocyaneus, C. anomalus, C. caninus, and C. tabularis), so far known only from Europe, was confirmed. Thirteen species were not formally described here due to lack of relevant information. An identification key to the known Anomali species in North America is provided.

An assessment of the phylogeny of the Branchiobdellida (Annelida: Clitellata), using PAUP

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1318-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Gelder ◽  
R. O. Brinkhurst
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North American ◽  
Taxonomic Rank ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Anatomical Characters

Analyses using PAUP (phylogenetic analysis using parsimony) were conducted on a matrix of 24 taxa and 26 characters. The taxa included generalised descriptions of a haplotaxid and a lumbriculid oligochaete as outgroups with a hypothetical branchiobdellidan ancestor and 21 genera as ingroups. The branchiobdellidan taxon is a monophyly, and using anatomical characters only, is composed of three suprageneric assemblages. The taxonomic rank of the taxon and assemblages cannot be determined until they have been compared with cladistic analyses on other closely related clitellate groups. In the meantime the currently accepted ordinal rank of Branchiobdellida and the major branchiobdellidan families should continue to be used, with the latter reflecting the assemblages of the genera in our analyses: Branchiobdellidae (including Holtodrilus n.gen., Sinodrilus n.gen., and Xironodrilus), Bdellodrilidae (including Caridinophila and Hidejiodrilus n.gen.), and Cambarincolidae. An analysis with two zoogeographical characters in the matrix caused the genera to be divided into their respective North American and Eurasian groups; however, the North American Triannulata appeared constantly in the latter group. The genera in the Branchiobdellidae, as defined by us, are found in both geographical regions, and predictably the assemblage was split in two.

scholarly journals Taxonomic and phylogenetic review of Necrosuchus ionensis (Alligatoroidea: Caimaninae) and the early evolution and radiation of caimanines

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanne M Cidade ◽  
Daniel Fortier ◽  
Annie S Hsiou
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
North American ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Salamanca Formation

Abstract Alligatoroidea is the most species-rich crocodylomorph clade of the Cenozoic of South America, with nearly all species belonging to the Caimaninae clade. However, the earliest records of Caimaninae in South America, which are from the Palaeocene, are based mostly on incomplete specimens, which increases the importance of detailed taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on these taxa. This paper offers a taxonomic and phylogenetic review of Necrosuchus ionensis, a caimanine species from the Salamanca Formation of the Palaeocene of Argentina. Necrosuchus ionensis is considered a valid species, albeit with a different diagnosis from that proposed by previous authors. The phylogenetic analysis shows, for the first time, that N. ionensis belongs to the derived Caimaninae clade Jacarea. However, a better understanding of the Jacarea clade is needed, and alternative placements for N. ionensis might be considered. Nevertheless, the placement of N. ionensis as a derived caimanine raises interesting perspectives on the early evolution and radiation of caimanines, which are thoroughly discussed in this paper together with other results obtained in this study, such as the recovery of the North American caimanines Bottosaurus and Tsoabichi as a clade.

A contribution to the taxonomy of the Naididae (Oligochaeta) of North America

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2307-2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Brinkhurst ◽  
R. D. Kathman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The North

Some specimens of Chaetogaster diastrophus may have dorsal seatae; there is no need for the separation of such individuals under the name Pseudochaetogaster longmeri. Amphichaeta leydigii and A. americana are recorded and Homochaeta raptisae is transferred to this genus. The source of the confusion between Vejdovskyella comata and V. intermedia is identified and both are now accepted as valid species and are recorded from Washington and British Columbia, respectively. Vejdovskyella hellei is transferred to Specaria. The distinction between Nais communis and N. variabilis is documented, and the serrate nature of the hair setae of N. elinguis is newly described. Pristina idrensis is new to the Canadian fauna; P. aequiseta is new to British Columbia and Washington. The few remaining differences between our records and those presented by other workers are catalogued, yielding a total of 65 confirmed species and two probable additions to the North American fauna.

Recognizing diversity in blennioid fish nomenclature (Teleostei: Blennioidei)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2120 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP A. HASTINGS ◽  
VICTOR G. SPRINGER
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽  
Evolutionary Pathways

Species inventories for macroecology, biogeography and conservation biology rely upon accurate lists of valid species. In order to provide a more uniform taxonomic treatment for blennioid fishes, we evaluated the taxonomic status of 21 species with currently recognized subspecies. In six cases we found no compelling evidence for recognizing these nominal forms as distinct species. However, in 15 cases, evidence exists for elevating 17 subspecies to full species status based on currently used criteria for delimiting fish species. This evidence includes the existence of significant phenotypic and/or genetic differences supporting the hypothesis that they are on distinct evolutionary pathways in accordance with a phylogenetic species concept. Known distributions of affected species are modified accordingly. Most of these elevated species are separated from their closest relatives by well-known biogeographic barriers.

Generic concepts in the Batocrinidae Wachsmuth and Springer, 1881 (class Crinoidea)

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
William I. Ausich ◽  
Thomas W. Kammer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Significant Contributor ◽  
The North ◽  
Nomina Dubia ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Stratigraphic Ranges

The Batocrinidae was a component of the North America Early Mississippian crinoid fauna and a significant contributor to the global biodiversity spike referred to as the “Age of Crinoids.” All batocrinids are North American, and all but one species are confined to the Tournaisian and Visean. In this contribution, genera are objectively defined on discrete characters, and the generic assignment of all valid species is re-evaluated. A phylogenetic hypothesis is presented for relationships within the Batocrinidae based on parsimony-based analyses and known stratigraphic ranges.Fifteen basic batocrinid architectural designs are recognized as genera, and four new genera are described:Glannearycrinusn. gen.,Gongylocrinusn. gen,Magnuscrinusn. gen., andSimatocrinusn. gen.Batocrinuswas a catch-all genus for any Mississippian camerate with tetragonal first primibrachials and an anal tube; thus, many late 19thcentury species are in need of a modern generic assignment. In this contribution, 61 percent of the 166 currently valid batocrinid species are reassigned to different genera. In addition,Sunwaptacrinusis transferred to the Batocrinidae, six species are transferred out of the Batocrinidae, and five species are designated as nomina dubia.

NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF NORTH AMERICAN TACHINUS GRAVENHORST (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Central American ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Central American Species

AbstractTwo new species, Tachinus beckeri from northwestern British Columbia and southern Yukon Territory and T. californicus from southern California, are described and their major diagnostic characters illustrated with line drawings and scanning electron photomicrographs. Tachinus jacuticus campbelli is placed in synonymy with T. jacuticus jacuticus and a new subspecies, T. jacuticus ullrichi, from Quebec and Labrador is named. Tachinus thruppi Hatch is removed from synonymy with T. frigidus and considered a valid species. Both T. thruppi and T. frigidus are redescribed and illustrated. A new, revised key to the species of Tachinus is included.New distributional data are presented for 40 species and new or revised distributional maps are presented for 24 species. Changes in classification of Tachinus proposed by Ullrich in his revision of the world species are reviewed and those that are accepted are incorporated into a revised classification of the North American species. These changes are included in a check list of the North and Central American species of the genus.

Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4773 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN T. HUBER ◽  
JENNIFER D. READ ◽  
SERGUEI V. TRIAPITSYN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
North American ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Identification Keys ◽  
The North ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Identification keys for females, and for males where known, to the 39 genera and 11 subgenera of Mymaridae in America north of Mexico are given. The genera are illustrated with over 1010 photographs and/or scanning electron micrographs. The 202 currently named and valid species reported from America north of Mexico are catalogued. Reliable host records are reported for 16 genera and almost 90 species from rearings in the region. The five genera represented by more than one subgenus in the region are: Anagrus Haliday, Anaphes Haliday, Erythmelus Enock, Kalopolynema Ogloblin, and Polynema Haliday. Five other genera are represented only by unnamed and possibly undescribed species. About 1000 literature references, mainly the North American ones, are listed. Three new species are described: Callodicopus floridanus Huber, sp. n., Neostethynium americanum Huber, sp. n., and Stephanocampta xanthogaster Huber, sp. n. Cosmocomoidea marilandica (Girault), stat. rev., is placed in synonymy under C. dolichocerus (Ashmead). Platypatasson Ogloblin is given subgeneric status as Platystethynium (Platypatasson Ogloblin), stat. rev. Corrections and additions to the mymarid fauna of Mexico by Guzmán-Larralde et al. (2017) are also given. 

A REVISION OF THE GENUS SEPEDOPHILUS GISTEL (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (S99) ◽  
pp. 1-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
The North ◽  
Palearctic Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Key

AbstractThe species of the genus Sepedophilus (Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae) of America north of Mexico are revised. Thirty species are recognized. Thirteen new species are described: wickhami from the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada; brachypterus, frosti, micans, ctenidialis, and kiteleyi from eastern North America; beckeri from the southcentral United States; and hermani, smetanai, stephani, arizonensis, coronadensis, and velox from the southwestern United States. The following species names are placed in synonymy: knoxii LeConte and carissimus Hatch (= littoreus Linnaeus); imbricatus Casey, limuloides Casey, and elongatus Blatchley (= testaceus Fabricius); corticola Casey (= cinctulus Erichson); virginiae Casey (= velocipes Casey); and subtilis Casey (= debilis Casey). The species cinctulus Erichson and bisignatus Horn, formerly considered as synonyms of opicus Say and bipustulatus Fabricius respectively are recognized as valid species. The Palearctic species marshami Stephens is reported for the first time from the Nearctic region. The usage of the generic group names Sepedophilus Gistel, Conurus Stephens, Conosoma Kraatz, and Conosomus Motschulsky is discussed. The North American species are divided into 12 species groups based on an examination of the Nearctic, Neotropical, and Palearctic faunas. The distribution of each species is mapped, and the male and female eighth abdominal sternites and tergites, the male genitalia and other diagnostic characters, are illustrated. A neotype is designated for Tachyporus opicus Say, and lectotypes are designated when necessary for all the North American species of Sepedophilus described by Gravenhorst, Erichson, LeConte, Horn, and Casey. A diagnostic key for all the species except S. heathi Wasmann is given. A brief discussion of the nomenclatural history of the genus, of collecting techniques, and of the major diagnostic characters is included.

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