scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen topdressing and paclobutrazol at different stages on spike differentiation and yield of winter wheat

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12473
Author(s):  
Dongxiao Li ◽  
Shaojing Mo ◽  
William D. Batchelor ◽  
Ruiting Cheng ◽  
Hongguang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Cytokinin Oxidase ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Cytokinin Content ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Relative Expression Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Jointing Stage

Background Optimal nitrogen (N) application and plant growth regulators can improve wheat productivity. This can help to improve yield level and ensure food security with limited resources in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China (HPC). Methods A 2-year field experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with four treatments (TS-N topdressing at pseudostem erection stage ; TPS-N topdressing combined with paclobutrazol application at pseudostem erection stage; TJ-N topdressing at jointing stage; TPJ-N topdressing at combined with paclobutrazol application at jointing stage) in 2011–2013. Results The grain number per ear, thousand kernel weight and yield for the TJ and TPJ treatments were higher than those of the TS and TPS treatments. Grain number per ear, yield, and thousands kernel weigh for the TPJ treatment were significantly higher than for the TS and TPS in 2011–2012 (9.82% and 7.27%, 10.23% and 8.99%, 6.12% and 5.58%) and in 2012–2013 (10.21% and 11.55%, 8.00% and 6.58%, 0.00 and 0.00), respectively. Thousands kernel weight under TJ were significantly higher than those under TS and TPS by 13.21% and 14.03%, respectively in 2012–2013. The floret number, significantly correlated with cytokinin content, was also significantly increased under TJ and TPJ at connectivum differentiation stage. For TPJ treatment, the floret number was significantly higher than for the TS, TPS, and TJ by 19.92%, 10.21%, 6.10% in 2011–2012; it was higher than for the TS and TPS by 28.06% and 29.61% in 2012–2013, respectively. The relative expression level of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase gene (TaCKX2.2) was improved during flowering, when cytokinin content was at high level and was also inhibited by paclobutrazol with different degrees. Conclusions Therefore, nitrogen topdressing at jointing stage had increased grain number per ear, thousand kernel weight, and grain yield of wheat. Paclobutrazol could delay spike differentiation and promote cytokinin accumulation that induced expression of TaCKX2.2, maintaining hormonal balance and affecting wheat spike morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Heterosis manifestations for spike productivity traits in durum wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-306
Author(s):  
R. Dragov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Spikelet Number Per Spike

Abstract. The aim of the study is to investigate the heterosis manifestations in durum wheat for quantitative traits related to spike productivity. Diallel cross includes five modern varieties of durum wheat: Victoria (BG), Deni (BG), Superdur, Progress (BG), Predel (BG). The heterosis manifestations of the ten crosses are traced for the traits: spikelet number per spike, number of kernel per spike, grain weight per spike and thousand kernel weight. The experiment is conducted in the 2014-2016 period in the experimental field of FCI- Chirpan. Standard technology for the cultivation of durum wheat is applied. The trials are organized in a randomized block design with three replications. Of each replication 30 plants are randomly picked and harvested for biometric analysis. The mean values by years from the F1 spike biometric measurements are included in the statistical analysis to determine the mid parent and better parent heterosis. For spikelet number per spike, seven crosses show high parent heterosis in the first year, four in the second and six in the third year. In all years, hybrids with a variety of Victoria have more spikelet number per spike and show better parent heterosis. For the trait kernel number per spike it is observed that combinations with Deni variety in most cases have better parent heterosis. In all years, the cross Superdur x Predel indicates high parent heterosis for this trait. For grain weight per spike most of the combinations exhibit high levels of better parent heterosis. When the Deni variety is used as female parent, all hybrid combinations show high levels of heterosis for the trait grain weight per spike. In regard to the thousand kernel weight different heterosis levels are observed, with only negative values in the first year. In the other two years in hybrid combinations there is positive heterosis in one year and negative in another year. The participation of the Deni variety in hybrid combinations leads to better parent heterosis for this trait. The data allow the use of these crosses directly in the breeding of durum wheat to increase individual traits and/or increase productivity.

scholarly journals Salinity induced impact on morphological traits of rice at reproductive stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
Kaveri Chaudhary ◽  
SL Krishnamurthy ◽  
Narender Singh ◽  
PC Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Genotypes

The present investigation was carried out to understand the effect of salinity stress on different morphological traits in rice at reproductive stage. A totalof 150 rice genotypes including 10 checks were evaluated under non-stress (ECe ~ 1.2 dS/m) and saline stress (ECe ~ 10 dS/m) in micro plot in two replications with Randomized Block Design. From the investigation, it was observed that yield declined because of decreases in panicle length, filled grain number, and unfilled grain under saline stress condition. The genotypes (CSR-1148-31, CSR-CPB-39, CSR-1148-130, and CSR-C27SM-22) were considered as salt tolerant with high yielding. Thus, these genotypes could be valuable for breeding program indevelopment of rice varieties and could be used for commercial cultivation.

scholarly journals Sorgo en doble hilera versus surco sencillo en el noreste de México.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Raúl Rodríguez ◽  
Heriberto Torres ◽  
Héctor Williams ◽  
Noé Montes
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Randomized Block Design

An experiment was conducted to compare the traditional sorghum sowing method (single row) with double row method in the spring of 1992 under irrigation conditions in Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. A Complete Randomized Block design with a 2 x 5 factorial distribution was used with six replications; where the factors were: sowing method (doble and single row) and population density (187, 256, 342, 375 and 435 thousand plants/hectare). The hybrid Pioneer 8244 was used and planted at 0.80 m between rows. The parameters evaluated were plant height, panicle excertion, panic1e lenght and weight, grain number and moisture, weight of a thousand grains, grain yield and plant mortality. Mean separations were run using the Duncan's test. The grain yield and number per panicle were higher in double row method than in single row by 7.5 and 18.9 %, respectively; while grain weight and plant height showed higher values in single row than doble row. On the other hand, the weight and panic1e length decreased when population density increased in both methods, while panic1e excertion and plant mortality increased.

scholarly journals Pistachio Breeding in California: 1989 to 1997

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 494B-494
Author(s):  
Dan E. Parfitt ◽  
Chih-Cheng T. Chao ◽  
Craig Kallsen ◽  
Joe Maranto ◽  
Louise Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of

A pistachio breeding program was initiated in 1989 to develop new cultivars for the California industry. The program was begun with an initial set of 1940 progeny from 78 crosses. In 1990, an additional 5470 seedlings were produced from 176 controlled crosses. Progeny were planted at Winters, Calif., Kearney Agr. Center, and a plot near Bakersfield in a randomized block design with crosses as treatments. Fifty-three, 962, and 2943 genotypes flowered in 1994, 1995, and 1996, respectively. Data on flowering, flowering date, sex, tree size as measured by trunk cross-section area, and disease status were collected on all trees in the breeding program at the three field locations. Nuts were collected and evaluated for number of nuts/tree, % splits, % blanks, wet and dry weight, kernel weight, and volume. Heritability estimates for nut characters, tree size, and Alternaria resistance were ranged from 0.30 to 0.76. Several parents were identified that apparently provide a high level of resistance to Alternaria. Relationships among various nut parameters and the relationship of tree size to flowering and parentage were also investigated and evaluated statistically. Replicated advanced selection trials will be established in 1997.

scholarly journals Effect of sources and doses of Sulphur and Boron application on Yield, nutrient content and nutrient uptake of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 495-505
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Sulphur Source ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Transfer Station

The field experiment was carried out at Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station (OUAT), Mahisapat of Dhenkanal district during kharif season of 2014 and 2015 to study the “Effect of different sources and doses of Sulphur and Boron application on Yield, nutrient content and nutrient uptake of Groundnut under Mid Central Table Land zone of Odisha”. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications comprising of seven treatments T1 - Soil Test Based Fertilizer Recommendation (STBFR), T2 - STBFR + Sulphur @ 20kg /ha from Gypsum Source, T3 – STBFR + Sulphur @ 40kg /ha from Gypsum Source, T4 - STBFR + Sulphur @ 20kg /ha from Gypsum Source + spraying of Borax @ 0.3% twice before and after flowering, T5 - STBFR + Sulphur @ 20kg /ha from Bentonite Sulphur Source, T6 - STBFR + Sulphur @ 40kg /ha from Bentonite Sulphur Source, T7 - STBFR + Sulphur @ 20kg /ha from Bentonite Sulphur Source + Spraying of Borax @ 0.3% twice before and after flowering. It was revealed that T7 recorded significantly higher pod yield (17.14 q ha-1), 100 kernel weight (38.93 g) and shelling percent (66.00) followed by T4 with pod yield (15.80 q ha-1), 100 kernel weight (37.60 g) and shelling percent (65.10). T7 was superior over T1 with the yield advantage of 24.2 % and B: C (2.10). The Concentration of nutrient N, P, K, S and B in the harvested pod was also found highest in T7 i.e. 4.34 %, 0.70% , 0.88 %, 0.39% and 17.77 mgkg-1 followed by T4 having concentration of 4.26% ,0.66 % , 0.83 %, 0.35% and 17.23 mgkg-1 respectively. The same treatment T7 also recorded higher uptake of N, P ,K, S and B in pod with 79.47, 9.20 ,19.83,6.23 kg ha-1 and 31.43 g ha-1 respectively.

scholarly journals RESPOSTA DO MILHO SAFRINHA À ADUBAÇÃO EM DUAS ÉPOCAS DE SEMEADURA

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
EDUARDO DE PAULA SIMAO ◽  
ÁLVARO VILELA RESENDE ◽  
MIGUEL MARQUES GONTIJO NETO ◽  
EMERSON BORGHI ◽  
ÀLISSON VANIN
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Seeding Time ◽  
Ear Number ◽  
Npk Fertilization

RESUMO - Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a resposta do milho à adubação NPK, em semeadura realizada nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro, sucedendo a cultura da soja, em Rio Verde-GO. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, num esquema fatorial 4x2, constituído por quatro opções de adubação NPK na semeadura, com ou sem adubação nitrogenada de cobertura. Foram cultivados os híbridos P 30F53 YH e DKB 310 PRO, no primeiro e segundo anos, respectivamente, e coletados os dados de altura de plantas e de espigas, número de espigas, de fileiras por espiga, de grãos por fileira, massa de 1.000 grãos e produtividade. A produtividade de grãos do milho safrinha é influenciada pelas épocas de semeadura que definem as condições de disponibilidade hídrica, e pela adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, sem expressar resposta à adubação NPK na semeadura, que, em janeiro, favorece a produtividade, por conciliar melhor a distribuição de chuvas no final da fase de desenvolvimento vegetativo e na fase reprodutiva, etapas críticas para o potencial produtivo do milho. Independentemente da época de cultivo e da adubação NPK na semeadura, a aplicação de N em cobertura promove ganho significativo de produtividade da cultura. Palavras-chave: sucessão de culturas, adubação de manutenção, veranico, Zea mays L. SECOND-SEASON CORN RESPONSE TO FERTILIZATION IN TWO SEEDING TIMES ABSTRACT - This study aimed to evaluate the response of maize to NPK fertilization in sowing in January and February, succeeding soybean crop, in Rio Verde, State of Goiás, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a 4x2 factorial scheme, and it consisted of four NPK options in seeding time, with or without nitrogen topdressing. Hybrids P 30F53 YH and DKB 310 PRO were grown in the first and second year, respectively. We collected the data of plant height, ears height, number of ears, number of rows per ear, number of grains by row, thousand kernel weight and productivity. The productivity of second-season maize grain is influenced by sowing time, which defines the conditions of water availability, and the nitrogen fertilization, without expressing response to NPK fertilizer at sowing. Seeding in January favors productivity to reconcile better distribution of rainfall at the end of the vegetative growth phase and reproductive phase, critical steps for the production of maize potential. Regardless of the growing season and NPK fertilization at sowing, application of N topdressing promotes significant productivity gain.Keywords: crop succession, fertilization, nutrient requirements, dry spell, Zea mays L.

scholarly journals Keragaan dan Keragaman Genetik Karakter Agronomi Galur Mutan Putatif Gandum Generasi M5

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Eka Bobby Febrianto ◽  
Yudiwanti Wahyu ◽  
Desta Wirnas
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Augmented Design ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Putative Mutant

The cultivation of wheat in Indonesia especially at medium-low altitude faces problems such as high temperatures whicheffect negativelyon the yield. The aims of this research was to obtain informations on performance, genetic variability and heritability of agronomic characters of wheat putative mutant lines on M5 generation. Genotypes evaluated in the study consisted of 98 putative mutant lines of M5 generation and six varieties as checks, namely Dewata, Selayar, Oasis, Rabe, Kasifbey, and Basribey. The research was conducted at Research Station of IOCRI (Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute), Cipanas. Genotypes were arranged in an augmented, randomized block design. Result of the experiment showed that high heritability estimates were observed for plant height (83.03%), tiller number (61.75%), days to flowering (85.41%), days to maturity (67.45%), spike length (70.25%), spikelet number (65.08%), unfilled grain number (71.49%), seed number per spike (75.16%), seed weight per spike (81.69%), and seed weight per plant (74.21%). The estimated genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were high for unfilled grain number(26.35%) and seed weight per plant (18.35%). Based on seed weight per plant, 30 best putative mutant lines were selected.<br />Keywords: Augmented design, heritability, Triticum aestivum

Relationships between maize yield and growth parameters in a long-term fertilization experiment

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
G. Micskei ◽  
T. Árendás ◽  
Z. Berzsenyi
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Maximum Value

In a long-term maize monoculture experiment set up on the active ingredient equivalence principle, changes in the yield components were investigated over a period of three years (2005–2007) as a function of the fertiliser treatments, and the values of the growth parameters HI, LAI, NAR and CGR were calculated using the classical method of growth analysis.The results indicated that optimum N supplies and the year effect made a substantial contribution both to the grain number per ear and to the thousand-kernel weight. In the course of correlation analysis, both Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the grain yield was in close positive correlation with these yield components, and with the maximum value of dry matter production and the harvest index. The two yield components explained 76% of the grain yield, and the effect of thousand-kernel weight was around 3.75 times as great as that of the grain number per ear (β = 0.721 vs. 0.192). On the basis of partial correlation analysis, the maximum value of total dry matter and the thousand-kernel weight were jointly responsible for around 60% of the variance in maize grain yield. Analysis using the “Enter” method showed that the two yield components explained 62% and 59% of the grain yield in wet years (R22005 = 62.3%; R22006 = 58.8%), while in the dry year neither the thousand-kernel weight nor the grain number per ear had a significant effect on the yield (R22007 = 4.5%).

scholarly journals The article Response of Two Rice Varieties Grown using SRI Method in Two Different Locations

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nalwida Rozen
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Productive Tiller ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Grain Number Per Panicle

Application of system of rice intensification (SRI) method has been considered as one of powerful efforts to increase the harvested yield by modifying the plant and itssurrounding environment. This study was aimed to determine the effect of different environment towards the response of rice varieties grown using SRI method. Two rice varieties, Batang Piaman and IR-42 were grown in District of Tanjuang Barulak (Regency of Tanah Datar) and District of Saniang Baka (Regency of Solok). Plant height and several yield parameters, such as productive tillers, panicle length, grain number per panicle, and yield per plot were assessed from both varieties and locations. Statistical analysis was conducted using randomized block design (RDB) and significance was further evaluatedusingDuncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) with a p>0.05. Batang Pariaman appeared in taller performance than IR-42. Regarding the number of productive tiller, Batang Piaman resulted more productive tillers in Solok, while IR-42 was dominant in number of productive tiller compared to Batang Piaman in Tanah Datar. Unlike IR-42, Batang Piaman exhibited longer panicle, more grain amounts per panicle, and higher yield per plot than IR-42 in both locations.

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