scholarly journals Effect of control measures on the pattern of COVID-19 Epidemics in Japan

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12215
Author(s):  
Tomokazu Konishi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
States Of Emergency ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Multiple Variants ◽  
Logarithmic Growth ◽  
Over Time

Background COVID-19 has spread worldwide since its emergence in 2019. In contrast to many other countries with epidemics, Japan differed in that it avoided lockdowns and instead asked people for self-control. A travel campaign was conducted with a sizable budget, but the number of PCR tests was severely limited. These choices may have influenced the course of the epidemic. Methods The increase or decrease in the classes of SARS-CoV-2 variants was estimated by analyzing the published sequences with an objective multivariate analysis. This approach observes the samples in multiple directions, digesting complex differences into simpler forms. The results were compared over time with the number of confirmed cases, PCR tests, and overseas visitors. The kinetics of infection were analyzed using the logarithmic growth rate. Results The declared states of emergency failed to alter the movement of the growth rate. Three epidemic peaks were caused by domestically mutated variants. In other countries, there are few cases in which multiple variants have peaked. However, due to the relaxation of immigration restrictions, several infective variants have been imported from abroad and are currently competing for expansion, creating the fourth peak. By April 2021, these foreign variants exceeded 80%. The chaotic situation in Japan will continue for some time, in part because no effort has been made to identify asymptomatic carriers, and details of the vaccination program are undecided.

scholarly journals Pattern of COVID-19 epidemics in Japan influenced by the control measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomokazu Konishi
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
Multiple Variants ◽  
Over Time

Background. COVID-19 has spread worldwide since it appeared in 2019. In contrast to many other countries with epidemics, Japan differed in that it avoided lockdowns and instead asked people for self-restraint. A travel campaign was conducted with a huge budget, but the number of PCR tests is severely limited. These choices may have influenced the course of the epidemic. Methods. The increase or decrease in the classes of SARS-CoV-2 variants was estimated by analyzing the published sequences with an objective multivariate analysis. This methodology does not rely on unverifiable assumptions. It observes the samples in multiple directions, digesting complex differences into simpler forms. The results were compared over time with the number of confirmed cases, PCR tests, and overseas visitors. Results. Three epidemic peaks in Japan have been caused by domestically mutated variants. However, due to the relaxation of immigration restrictions, several infective variants have been imported from abroad and are currently competing for expansion. In other countries, there are few other cases where multiple variants have peaked. The chaotic situation in Japan will continue for a while, in part, because no effort has been made to find asymptomatic carriers and details of the vaccination program are undecided.

Abstract 63: Infarct Volume and Rate of Edema Growth Predicts Need for Intervention in Patients With Cerebellar Infarction

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Michael Binkley ◽  
Amanda Pardon ◽  
Salah Keyrouz ◽  
Rajat Dhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Decompression ◽  
Cerebellar Infarction ◽  
Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Over Time

Background: Predictors of malignant edema in patients with acute cerebellar infarction are understudied. We hypothesized that greater infarct volume and CT-defined edema growth would predict individuals requiring acute intervention. Methods: Admissions to a tertiary care neurological ICU with acute cerebellar infarction over three year period were identified. Primary endpoint was defined as needing medical and/or surgical “intervention”: osmotic therapy, extra-ventricular drainage, or surgical decompression. Visible regions of infarct-related hypodensity in the cerebellum were manually outlined on serial CTs to ascertain infarct volumes. Infarct ratio was defined as the ratio of infarct volume to posterior fossa volume on initial CT showing ischemia. Rate in infarct-related edema growth was measured as the change in infarct ratio over time between sequential head CTs. Results: Of the 60 patients identified, 27 (45%) received interventions. All except one received osmotic therapy, while 15 patients underwent surgical intervention. Compared with the no-intervention cohort, intervention cohort was more likely to have diabetes (21% vs 48%, p = 0.03) and larger initial infarct ratio (0.12 vs 0.22, p = 0.001). Diabetes (OR, 6.3 95% CI, 1.6-25.3) and infarct ratio (OR, 3.2; 95% Cl, 1.6-6.3) were independent predictors of intervention. The rate of edema growth was faster in the intervention cohort (time*cohort p =0.005) (Fig A). A subgroup analysis of 34 patients with at least 3 CTs showed the intervention cohort had greater edema growth rate (-0.0001/hr vs 0.0044/hr, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis showed edema growth independently predicted intervention (Fig B) and improved the AUC from 0.78 to 0.90 (Fig C), while diabetes was not retained (p=0.056). Conclusion: Baseline infarct ratio and rate of edema growth within the first 4 days may provide clinically useful markers to select patients with cerebellar infarction who will benefit from intervention.

Diffusion model for deposition of epitaxial GaAs layers prepared by the MOCVD method

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2020-2029
Author(s):  
Jindřich Leitner ◽  
Petr Voňka ◽  
Josef Stejskal ◽  
Přemysl Klíma ◽  
Rudolf Hladina
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Hydrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Epitaxial Gaas ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Good Agreement

The authors proposed and treated quantitatively a kinetic model for deposition of epitaxial GaAs layers prepared by reaction of trimethylgallium with arsine in hydrogen atmosphere. The transport of gallium to the surface of the substrate is considered as the controlling process. The influence of the rate of chemical reactions in the gas phase and on the substrate surface on the kinetics of the deposition process is neglected. The calculated dependence of the growth rate of the layers on the conditions of the deposition is in a good agreement with experimental data in the temperature range from 600 to 800°C.

Relations between child self-control, maternal relational frustration, and teacher–child conflict: a longitudinal study with children from dual-earner families

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tiago Ferreira ◽  
Joana Cadima ◽  
Marisa Matias ◽  
Teresa Leal ◽  
Paula Mena Matos
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This longitudinal study follows children from dual-earner families in 4 time-points, covering the early childhood period. We examined the influence of work–family conflict (WFC) on maternal relational frustration (RF) towards the child, and investigated the reciprocal relations among maternal RF, children's self-control (SC), and teacher–child (TC) conflict over time. Participants were 214 children (97 girls; M age = 4.00 years), their mothers, and teachers. Mothers reported their own WFC and RF, whereas teachers reported child SC and T-C conflict. Results from a cross-lagged panel model indicated the experience of WFC positively predicted maternal RF. Maternal RF and T-C conflict were negatively related to the child later SC abilities. Conversely, children who displayed SC difficulties were more likely to experience later maternal RF and T-C conflict. There was evidence supporting the bidirectional effects of child SC and T-C conflict across time. Moreover, maternal RF and T-C conflict were indirectly linked, via child SC. The findings are consistent with a transactional view of development, stressing the importance of contextual factors to the quality of caregiving relationships and highlighting the complex and reciprocal relations between child regulatory competence and the quality of relationships with distinct caregivers.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses 3 Months Post Complete Vaccination with BNT162b2; A Prospective Study in 283 Health Workers

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1942
Author(s):  
Evangelos Terpos ◽  
Ioannis P. Trougakos ◽  
Vangelis Karalis ◽  
Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos ◽  
Sentiljana Gumeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S-RBD IgGs up to three months after the second vaccination dose with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. NAbs and anti-S-RBD levels were measured on days 1 (before the first vaccine shot), 8, 22 (before the second shot), 36, 50, and three months after the second vaccination (D111) (NCT04743388). 283 health workers were included in this study. NAbs showed a rapid increase from D8 to D36 at a constant rate of about 3% per day and reached a median (SD) of 97.2% (4.7) at D36. From D36 to D50, a slight decrease in NAbs values was detected and it became more prominent between D50 and D111 when the rate of decline was determined at −0.11 per day. The median (SD) NAbs value at D111 was 92.7% (11.8). A similar pattern was also observed for anti-S-RBD antibodies. Anti-S-RBDs showed a steeper increase during D22–D36 and a lower decline rate during D36–D111. Prior COVID-19 infection and younger age were associated with superior antibody responses over time. In conclusion, we found a persistent but declining anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity at 3 months following full vaccination with BNT162b2 in healthy individuals.

scholarly journals kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over time. Results of 10 month follow up in over 300 seropositive Health Care Workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Felipe Varona ◽  
Rodrigo Madurga ◽  
Francisco Peñalver ◽  
Elena Abarca ◽  
Cristina Almirall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Over Time

Crystal-growth kinetics of protein single crystals along capillary tubes in the gel-acupuncture technique

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Moreno ◽  
Manuel Soriano-García
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Crystal Growth Rate ◽  
Equilibrium Studies ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Growing Cell ◽  
Kinetics Of

In attempts to obtain protein crystals of a sufficient size for structural studies, lack of knowledge of the physicochemical properties of protein solutions and of their crystal-growth behaviour lead to a bottleneck for drug design as well as for X-ray crystallography. Most formal investigations on crystal-growth phenomena have been focused on equilibrium studies, where the protein is soluble, and on the kinetics of crystal growth, which is related to both nucleation and crystal-growth phenomena. The aim of this work is to measure the crystal-growth rate along a capillary tube used as a growing cell. These experiments were carried out using the gel-acupuncture technique [García-Ruiz et al. (1993). Mater. Res. Bull. 28, 541–546; García-Ruiz & Moreno (1994). Acta Cryst. D50, 484–490; García-Ruiz & Moreno (1997). J. Cryst. Growth, 178, 393–401]. Crystal-growth investigations took place using lysozyme and thaumatin I as standard proteins. The maximum average growth rate obtained in the lower part of the capillary tube was about 35 Å s−1 and the minimum average growing rate in the upper part of the capillary tube was about 8 Å s−1. The crystal-growth rate as a function of the supersaturation was experimentally estimated at a constant height along the capillary tube.

Correlations for Interaction Layer Growth in U-Mo/Al Dispersion Fuels

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Boris A. Tarasov ◽  
Stepan N. Nikitin ◽  
Dmitry P. Shornikov ◽  
Maria S. Tarasova ◽  
Igor I. Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Radiation Diffusion ◽  
Fission Rate ◽  
Interaction Layer ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Paper presents the results of the growth rate of the interaction layer of uranium-molybdenum dispersed fuel in aluminum matrix and influence of silicon alloying on it. The growth process of amorphous interaction layer depends on the radiation diffusion which is proportional to the fission rate in the power of 1⁄4. The alloying of the matrix by silicon does not lead to a change in the mechanism and kinetics of the interaction layer growth, but only slows it down.

Supercritical Fluid Deposition of Ruthenium Thin Films: A Kinetic Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos F. Karanikas ◽  
James J. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Deposition Temperature ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Reaction Pressure ◽  
Deposition Kinetics ◽  
First Order ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractThe kinetics of the deposition of ruthenium thin films from the hydrogen assisted reduction of bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)(1,5-cyclooctadiene)ruthenium(II), [Ru(tmhd)2cod], in supercritical carbon dioxide was studied in order to develop a rate expression for the growth rate as well as to determine a mechanism for the process. The deposition temperature was varied from 240°C to 280°C and the apparent activation energy was 45.3 kJ/mol. Deposition rates up to 30 nm/min were attained. The deposition rate dependence on precursor concentrations between 0 and 0.2 wt. % was studied at 260°C with excess hydrogen and revealed first order deposition kinetics with respect to precursor at concentrations lower then 0.06 wt. % and zero order dependence at concentrations above 0.06 wt. %. The effect of reaction pressure on the growth rate was studied at a constant reaction temperature of 260°C and pressures between 159 bar to 200 bar and found to have no measurable effect on the growth rate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document