scholarly journals Reeling them in: taxonomy of marine annelids used as bait by anglers in the Western Cape Province, South Africa

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11847
Author(s):  
Carol Simon ◽  
Jyothi Kara ◽  
Alheit du Toit ◽  
Hendré van Rensburg ◽  
Caveshlin Naidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Field Guides ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

Background Common names are frequently used inconsistently for marine annelid species used as bait in the peer-reviewed literature, field guides and legislative material. The taxonomy of many such species based on morphology only also ignores cryptic divergences not yet detected. Such inconsistencies hamper effective management of marine annelids, especially as fishing for recreation and subsistence is increasing. This study investigates the scale of the problem by studying the use and names of bait marine annelids in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Methods Fifteen recreational and six subsistence fishers at 12 popular fishing sites in the Western Cape Province donated 194 worms which they identified by common name. Worms were assigned scientific names according to a standard identification key for polychaetes from South Africa, and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) amplified and sequenced. Results This study identified 11 nominal species known by 10 common names, in the families Siphonosomatidae, Arenicolidae, Sabellaridae, Lumbrineridae, Eunicidae, Onuphidae and Nereididae. Cryptic diversity was investigated through employing mitochondrial COI sequences and these data will facilitate future identifications among widely distributed species. Several species (Siphonosoma dayi, Abarenicola gilchristi, Scoletoma species, Marphysa corallina, Lysidice natalensis, Heptaceras quinquedens, Perinereis latipalpa) are reported as bait for the first time, and while the names blood- and moonshineworms were consistently applied to members of Arenicolidae and Onuphidae, respectively, coralworm was applied to members of Sabellaridae and Nereididae. Analysis of COI sequences supported morphological investigations that revealed the presence of two taxonomic units each for specimens initially identified as Gunnarea gaimardi and Scoletoma tetraura according to identification keys. Similarly, sequences for Scoletoma species and Lysidice natalensis generated in this study do not match those from specimens in China and India, respectively. Further research is required to resolve the species complexes detected and also to refine the use of names by fishermen over a wider geographic range.

scholarly journals The genus Xiphinema in South Africa. XXVI. New information on X. bolandium, with description of the four juvenile stages (Nematoda: Longidoridae)

Koedoe ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Heyns
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
New Information ◽  
Wilderness Area ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Distribution

A population of Xiphinema bolandium from the Baviaanskloof Wilderness Area in the Eastern Cape Province was studied, and the four juvenile stages described and figured for the first time. New distribution records are listed from several localities in the Western Cape Province, mostly from vineyards and peach orchards, as well as from fynbos.

scholarly journals A krimpsiekte-like syndrome in small stock poisoned by Ornithogalum toxicarium Archer & Archer

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Botha ◽  
R.A. Schultz ◽  
J.J. Van der Lugt ◽  
C. Archer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cardiac Glycoside ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
Fresh Plant Material ◽  
Small Stock ◽  
First Time ◽  
Glycoside Poisoning ◽  
Fluorescence Polarisation

Krimpsiekte (the syndrome associated with chronic cardiac glycoside poisoning) was purportedly induced by Ornithogalum toxicarium in the Karas mountains area of Keetmanshoop, Namibia. This chinkerinchee species was previously linked to a condition known as 'kwylbek' krimpsiekte in small stock in the Beaufort West district of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. In a dosing trial, respiratory distress, tachycardia and sternal recumbency were observed in 2 sheep drenched with fresh plant material. A fluorescence polarisation immunoassay (FPIA) detected the presence of a substance that cross-reacted with digoxin antibodies in some of the plant material collected at Keetmanshoop and Beaufort West. This is the first time that apparent cardiac glycoside poisoning was induced by a southern African chinkerinchee species. The presence of the cardiac glycoside-like substance in O. toxicarium requires further chemical verification.

scholarly journals New and interesting Campylopus records from South Africa

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Peter Frahm ◽  
Terry Hedderson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Records ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

New records are presented based on a collection of Campylopus specimens made by the second author in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. . The austral species Campylopus clavatus (R. Brown) Wils. in Hook. and Campylopus vesticaulis Mitt. are reported for the first time for Africa, and Campylopus acuminatus Mitt. var. kirkii (Mitt.) J.-P. Frahm is recorded for the second time for Africa. Campylopus arctocarpus (Hornsch.) Mitt. ssp. madegassus (Besch.) J.-P. Frahm is reported for the first time for the Republic of South Africa, and this is the southernmost record of this species. Campylopus simii Schelpe is not synonymous with C. julaceus Jaeg. ssp. arbogastii (Ren. & Card.) J.-P. Frahm but combined here as new as a variety of C. pilifer Brid.

scholarly journals Agistemus collyerae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Stigmaeidae) in South Africa: first record, introduction pathways and a re-description including additional life stages

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-130
Author(s):  
Davina L. Saccaggi ◽  
Edward A. Ueckermann
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
First Record ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
Introduction Pathways ◽  
Introduction Pathway ◽  
The Usa ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Agistemus collyerae Gonzáles-Rodrigues (Stigmaeidae) is reported for the first time in South Africa on grapevines in the Western Cape Province. We investigate a possible introduction pathway of this mite as a contaminant on imported agricultural goods. Based on South African interception data, we report new country records of A. collyerae in the USA, Chile, Yemen, Spain and France. We re-describe it based on the South African specimens, including first-time descriptions of the male and deutonymph. Female specimens have shorter dorsal setae than those documented in the original descriptions, but we do not consider this enough evidence to justify a new species.

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