scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure of the noble crayfish populations in the Balkan Peninsula revealed by mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11838
Author(s):  
Riho Gross ◽  
Leona Lovrenčić ◽  
Mišel Jelić ◽  
Frederic Grandjean ◽  
Simona Ðuretanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Pleistocene Climate ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Noble Crayfish

Background The noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) is a native European species in decline, with a contracting range and diminishing populations and abundance. Previous studies revealed this species significant genetic diversity in the south-eastern Europe, with populations from the western and the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula being the most divergent. However, sampling of populations from the western part of the Balkans was limited and insufficient for investigating genetic diversity and population divergence for the purpose of conservation planning and management. Thus, the major aim of this study was to fill in this knowledge gap by studying mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA diversity, using 413 noble crayfish from 18 populations from waterbodies in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. Methods Phylogenetic analysis of studied populations and their mitochondrial diversity were studied using COI and 16S sequences and population genetic structure was described using 15 microsatellite loci. Results Phylogeographic analysis revealed new divergent mitochondrial haplotypes for the populations in the westernmost part of the Balkan Peninsula in the tributaries of the Sava and Drava rivers. Microsatellite data indicated that these populations harbour an important component of genetic diversity within A. astacus. The results suggest that the western part of the Balkans played an important role as microrefugia during the Pleistocene climate fluctuations, allowing the long term persistence of A. astacus populations in this region. These results will also be important to supporting conservation decision making and planning.

scholarly journals Time-Dependent Changes in the Genetic Diversity and Structure of the Onagadori Breed of Chickens Based on Microsatellite DNA Polymorphisms

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Oka ◽  
Ryo Tadano ◽  
Tatsuhiko Goto ◽  
Jun-ichi Shiraishi ◽  
Sayed A.M. Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Structure in RegionalCercospora beticolaPopulations fromBeta vulgarissubsp.vulgarisSuggest Two Clusters of Separate Origin

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1280-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel L. Knight ◽  
Niloofar Vaghefi ◽  
Julie R. Kikkert ◽  
Melvin D. Bolton ◽  
Gary A. Secor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New York ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Population Origin ◽  
Geographic Regions

Cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora beticola, is a highly destructive disease of Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris worldwide. C. beticola populations are usually characterized by high genetic diversity, but little is known of the relationships among populations from different production regions around the world. This information would be informative of population origin and potential pathways for pathogen movement. For the current study, the genetic diversity, differentiation, and relationships among 948 C. beticola isolates in 28 populations across eight geographic regions were investigated using 12 microsatellite markers. Genotypic diversity, as measured by Simpson’s complement index, ranged from 0.18 to 1.00, while pairwise index of differentiation values ranged from 0.02 to 0.42, with the greatest differentiation detected between two New York populations. In these populations, evidence for recent expansion was detected. Assessment of population structure identified two major clusters: the first associated with New York, and the second with Canada, Chile, Eurasia, Hawaii, Michigan, North Dakota, and one population from New York. Inferences of gene flow among these regions suggested that the source for one cluster likely is Eurasia, whereas the source for the other cluster is not known. These results suggest a shared origin of C. beticola populations across regions, except for part of New York, where population divergence has occurred. These findings support the hypothesis that dispersal of C. beticola occurs over long distances.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Relationships among Wild and Cultivated Grapevines from Central Europe and Part of the Western Balkan Peninsula

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Goran Zdunić ◽  
Katarina Lukšić ◽  
Zora Annamaria Nagy ◽  
Ana Mucalo ◽  
Katarina Hančević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Central European ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
Western Balkan Region ◽  
Balkan Region

The genetic diversity and relationship between wild (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmel.) Hegi and cultivated (V. vinifera L. subsp. vinifera) grapevine in the western Balkan region and Central Europe have not been studied together previously, although this area has a rich viticultural past. Here, we studied wild grapevine populations sampled from their natural habitats in several countries of the western Balkan region and Central Europe. Their genetic diversity and structure were compared to cultivars that are traditionally in use in this region. A sample set of 243 accessions was genotyped at 20 nuclear microsatellite loci, including 167 sylvestris and 76 diverse vinifera cultivars. The genetic diversity of the wild grapevines was lower than that of cultivars by all genetic parameters. Both hierarchical and nonhierarchical clustering methods differentiated two main groups, indicating clear separation between wild and cultivated vines but also revealed clear gene flow between the cultivated and wild gene pools through overlaps and admixed ancestry values in the graphs. There was greater affinity to the wild grapes in Central European cultivars than in Balkan cultivars. Fine arrangement of the structure among cultivated grapevines showed differentiation among Central European and Balkan cultivars. These results confirm the divergence of wild grapes from vinifera and highlight the “crossroad” role of the western Balkan peninsula in the broader context of European viticulture.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of the Griffon vulture population in Serbia and its importance for conservation efforts in the Balkans

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Davidović ◽  
Mihailo Jelić ◽  
Saša Marinković ◽  
Milica Mihajlović ◽  
Vanja Tanasić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Griffon Vulture ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Recent Bottleneck

AbstractThe Griffon vulture was once a widespread species across the region of Southeast Europe, but it is now endangered and in some parts is completely extinct. In the Balkan Peninsula the largest Griffon vulture inland population inhabits the territory of Serbia. We present, for the first time, the genetic data of this valuable population that could be a source for future reintroduction programs planned in South-eastern Europe. To characterize the genetic structure of this population we used microsatellite markers from ten loci. Blood samples were collected from 57 chicks directly in the nests during the ongoing monitoring program. We performed a comparative analysis of the obtained data with the existing data from three native populations from French Pyrenees, Croatia, and Israel. We have assessed the genetic differentiation between different native populations and determined the existence of two genetic clusters that differentiate the populations from the Balkan and Iberian Peninsulas. Furthermore, we analysed whether the recent bottleneck events influenced the genetic structure of the populations studied, and we found that all native populations experienced a recent bottleneck event, and that the population of Israel was the least affected. Nevertheless, the parameters of genetic diversity suggest that all analysed populations have retained a similar level of genetic diversity and that the Griffon vulture population from Serbia exhibits the highest value for private alleles. The results of this study suggest that the Griffon vulture populations of the Balkan Peninsula are genetically differentiated from the populations of the Iberian Peninsula, which is an important information for future reintroduction strategies.

scholarly journals Local climates of Vardar, Struma and Mesta valleys (Balkan peninsula) according to the modified Köppen climate classification

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Hristo Popov
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Mountain Climate ◽  
Köppen Climate Classification

The K?ppen classification is commonly used and helpful for characteristics of different climate types and their changes. Available maps based on this classification are dealing with continental and worldwide zones. This is the reason mountainous territory of the Balkans to be defined as zones with cold or high mountain climate without further details. The main aim of the study is detail classification of the territory of Vardar, Struma and Mesta in the view of the K?ppen system and establishing the inner zones variability trough time. In order to achieve this goal we use the SAT (surface air temperature) and precipitation data from meteorological stations located in key areas of the valleys. We build 30 year moving average to present climate fluctuations in these areas according to the modified K?ppen classification. Results show that index changing is variable through the different periods but there has a tendency for general reduction of the annual precipitation in the whole period of observation.

scholarly journals Pleistocene climate fluctuations as the major driver of genetic diversity and distribution patterns of the Caspian green lizard, Lacerta strigata Eichwald, 1831

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reihaneh Saberi‐Pirooz ◽  
Hassan Rajabi‐Maham ◽  
Faraham Ahmadzadeh ◽  
Bahram H. Kiabi ◽  
Mohammad Javidkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Pleistocene Climate

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Range Dynamics of Helleborus odorus subsp. cyclophyllus under Different Climate Change Scenarios

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Fassou ◽  
Konstantinos Kougioumoutzis ◽  
Gregoris Iatrou ◽  
Panayiotis Trigas ◽  
Vasileios Papasotiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Research Highlights: The effects of climate change on habitat loss, range shift and/or genetic impoverishment of mid-elevation plants has received less attention compared to alpine species. Moreover, genetic diversity patterns of mountain forest herbaceous species have scarcely been explored in the Balkans. In this context, our study is the first that aims to examine Helleborus odorus subsp. cyclophyllus, a medicinal plant endemic to the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula. Background and Objectives: We compare its genetic diversity and structure along the continuous mountain range of western Greece with the topographically less structured mountains of eastern Greece, and predict its present and future habitat suitability, using several environmental variables. Materials and Methods: Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were used to genotype 80 individuals from 8 populations, covering almost the species’ entire distribution range in Greece. We investigated the factors shaping its genetic composition and driving its current and future distribution. Results: High gene diversity (0.2239–0.3319), moderate population differentiation (0.0317–0.3316) and increased gene flow (Nm = 1.3098) was detected. According to any GCM/RCP/climate database combination, Helleborus odorus subsp. cyclophyllus is projected to lose a significant portion of its current distribution by 2070 and follow a trend towards genetic homogenization. Conclusions: Populations exhibit in terms of genetic structure a west–east genetic split, which becomes more evident southwards. This is mainly due to geographic/topographic factors and their interplay with Quaternary climatic oscillations, and to environmental constraints, which may have a negative impact on the species’ future distribution and genetic composition. Pindos mountain range seems to buffer climate change effects and will probably continue to host several populations. On the other hand, peripheral populations have lower genetic diversity compared to central populations, but still hold significant evolutionary potential due to the private alleles they maintain.

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