scholarly journals Genetic hypervariability of a Northeastern Atlantic venomous rockfish

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11730
Author(s):  
Sara M. Francisco ◽  
Rita Castilho ◽  
Cristina S. Lima ◽  
Frederico Almada ◽  
Francisca Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Capability ◽  
Northeastern Atlantic

Background Understanding the interplay between climate and current and historical factors shaping genetic diversity is pivotal to infer changes in marine species range and communities’ composition. A phylogeographical break between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean has been documented for several marine organisms, translating into limited dispersal between the two basins. Methods In this study, we screened the intraspecific diversity of 150 individuals of the Madeira rockfish (Scorpaena maderensis) across its distributional range (seven sampling locations in the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins) using the mitochondrial control region and the nuclear S7 first intron. Results The present work is the most comprehensive study done for this species, yielding no genetic structure across sampled locations and no detectable Atlantic-Mediterranean break in connectivity. Our results reveal deep and hyper-diverse bush-like genealogies with large numbers of singletons and very few shared haplotypes. The genetic hyper-diversity found for the Madeira rockfish is relatively uncommon in rocky coastal species, whose dispersal capability is limited by local oceanographic patterns. The effect of climate warming on the distribution of the species is discussed.

Euphilomedes chupacabra (Ostracoda: Myodocopida: Philomedidae), a new demersal marine species from coastal Puerto Rico with male-biased vespertine swimming activity

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1684 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIMBERLY E. LUM ◽  
ANNA E. SYME ◽  
ANASTASIA K. SCHWAB ◽  
TODD H. OAKLEY
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Short Time ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Philomedidae is described: Euphilomedes chupacabra from coastal Puerto Rico. This is the first described species of Euphilomedes from the Western Atlantic, a genus of particular interest for its sexually dimorphic lateral eyes. As E. chupacabra can be easily caught in large numbers and may have a short generation time, it has potential to be used as a laboratory animal to study questions of dimorphic eye development. Males of E. chupacabra are abundant in plankton for a short time; the average time of peak activity was 103.6 minutes after sunset, and the density range at the peak time on different nights was 24 to 862 males/m 3 . Males were preferentially attracted to pier lights. There is evidence that species from all myodocopid families display vespertine (post-sunset) migratory behavior, probably associated with mating. We hypothesize that vespertine planktonic mating is an adaptive behavior that exists in many myodocopids and is either the ancestral state for the group or partially or fully convergent in multiple species.

The Benthic Amphipod Fauna of the Azores (Portugal): an Up-To-Date Annotated List of Species, and Some Biogeographic Considerations

Crustaceana ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise BELLAN-SANTINI ◽  
Joao Carlos Marques ◽  
M. Fatima Rosa Lopes
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
New Records ◽  
North Atlantic Region ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Azores Archipelago ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Capability

AbstractThe Azores archipelago, located in the middle north Atlantic region, is biogeographically very interesting. With regard to the benthic amphipod fauna there are only few studies that concern the Azores, although species inventory and distributional ecology are relatively well known for the Portuguese continental coast (0 to 700 m). Actually, the knowledge of benthic amphipods from the Azores is limited to the results of two oceanographical expeditions, that took place in the first half of this century, and to data provided by some relatively recent papers and several other sporadic references. Moreover, this knowledge is mainly or exclusively taxonomic. Benthic amphipod dispersal capability is small compared to that of molluscs, decapods or fishes. They have direct development and a reduced swimming capability, and their migrations, both nictemeral and horizontal, cannot compensate these features. This limited dispersal capability determines a clear endemic tendency, and a reduced probability of global fauna mixtures. Therefore, amphipods constitute a fine biological material for biogeographic studies. In order to provide a tool for biogeographical comparisons, the available data on the Azores amphipod fauna were compiled. A review of the available literature and the study of several collections from the Azores, sampled during 1988 and 1989 at the islands of S. Miguel and Faial, provided a list of 122 species from 29 families. Thirty species were identified from the study of the S. Miguel and Faial collections, of which 15 (50%) are new records for the Azores, which emphasizes the existing lack of knowledge. One Ampithoe species might be new, and will be further studied, although it will be necessary to collect more specimens. Additionally, some available ecological data for each species arc given in the present paper.

scholarly journals Strong genetic structure and limited connectivity among populations of Clark's Anemonefish (Amphiprion clarkii) in the centre of marine biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Ducret ◽  
Janne Timm ◽  
Melina Rodriguez Moreno ◽  
Filip Huyghe ◽  
Marc Kochzius
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure ◽  
Amphiprion Clarkii

Populations of anemonefish species often show signs of local isolation due limited dispersal potential and oceanographic conditions. Additionally, anthropogenic pressure, such as overharvesting and coral reef exploitation causes reduced population size, eventually leading to local extinction. The understanding of the genetic population structure, as well as the influence of both historical and current connectivity, is required to design effective marine protected area (MPA) networks. In this study, the genetic structure of Clark's Anemonefish (Amphiprion clarkii) populations of the Indo-Malay Archipelago (IMA) is assessed through mitochondrial control region (mtCR) sequences and nuclear microsatellites. Results provided evidence of a significant genetic structure (mtCR: Phist = 0.42039, Phict = 0.63852; microsatellites: Fst = 0.01449, Fct = 0.05199). Genetic breaks were identified among Western (Padang Karimunjawa), Central (Sulawesi, Borneo, Bali, Komodo, Timor), and Eastern (Biak) IMA populations, which matches with patterns obtained for congeneric and other coral reef taxa. Due to the restricted connectivity among these three regions, it is suggested to consider them as separate management areas in the design of MPA networks.

scholarly journals Hierarchical genetic structure in an evolving species complex: Insights from genome wide ddRAD data in Sebastes mentella

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251976
Author(s):  
Atal Saha ◽  
Matthew Kent ◽  
Lorenz Hauser ◽  
Daniel P. Drinan ◽  
Einar E. Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Life History ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Genetic Population Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
Adaptive Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Sebastes Mentella

The diverse biology and ecology of marine organisms may lead to complex patterns of intraspecific diversity for both neutral and adaptive genetic variation. Sebastes mentella displays a particular life-history as livebearers, for which existence of multiple ecotypes has been suspected to complicate the genetic population structure of the species. Double digest restriction-site associated DNA was used to investigate genetic population structure in S. mentella and to scan for evidence of selection. In total, 42,288 SNPs were detected in 277 fish, and 1,943 neutral and 97 tentatively adaptive loci were selected following stringent filtration. Unprecedented levels of genetic differentiation were found among the previously defined ‘shallow pelagic’, ‘deep pelagic’ and ‘demersal slope’ ecotypes, with overall mean FST = 0.05 and 0.24 in neutral and outlier SNPs, respectively. Bayesian computation estimated a concurrent and historical divergence among these three ecotypes and evidence of local adaptation was found in the S. mentella genome. Overall, these findings imply that the depth-defined habitat divergence of S. mentella has led to reproductive isolation and possibly adaptive radiation among these ecotypes. Additional sub-structuring was detected within the ‘shallow’ and ‘deep’ pelagic ecotypes. Population assignment of individual fish showed more than 94% agreement between results based on SNP and previously generated microsatellite data, but the SNP data provided a lower estimate of hybridization among the ecotypes than that by microsatellite data. We identified a SNP panel with only 21 loci to discriminate populations in mixed samples based on a machine-learning algorithm. This first SNP based investigation clarifies the population structure of S. mentella, and provides novel and high-resolution genomic tools for future investigations. The insights and tools provided here can readily be incorporated into the management of S. mentella and serve as a template for other exploited marine species exhibiting similar complex life history traits.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in potable water sources in Chandigarh, Northern India

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjersti Selstad Utaaker ◽  
Himanshu Joshi ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Suman Chaudhary ◽  
Lucy J. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Giardia Cysts

AbstractContamination with Cryptosporidium and Giardia from drinking water sources in a city in Northern India was assessed. A protocol modified from a standard ISO protocol, which includes filtration, concentration, separation and detection steps, was tested and showed comparable recovery efficiencies (Giardia mean = 77.4%, Cryptosporidium mean = 61.8% from the modified protocol, compared with Giardia mean = 61.6%, Cryptosporidium mean = 69% from the ISO protocol) at a substantial cost reduction. This protocol was used for analysing 71 samples of potable water from different areas of Chandigarh, where sampling locations were divided into groups according to the population density, which also partially equates with the level of infrastructure. Samples were collected during (n = 29) and outside the monsoon season (n = 42). Of all samples analysed, 16 (22.5%) were Cryptosporidium- and/or Giardia-positive. Parasites per sample were low (1–10 (oo)cysts per 10 L), although one sample contained large numbers of Giardia cysts (>1,000). Polymerase chain reaction analyses on the small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA), triose-phosphate isomerase (tpi), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and beta-giardin (bg) gene sequences on Giardia-positive samples and SSU rRNA on Cryptosporidium-positive samples tended to be unsuccessful, although Giardia cysts of Assemblages B and C were identified. No association with the season was detected, but an association with the location of water supply was identified. Samples from areas with the lowest infrastructure were not associated with higher levels of contamination, but samples from the middle level were significantly more likely to be contaminated than those from the highest level of infrastructure. Results indicate that even in a city with a well-developed infrastructure, the contamination of potable water with protozoan parasites remains a public health risk.

An isolated population of the southern scrub-robin (Drymodes brunneopygia) in the Great Victoria Desert

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Turpin ◽  
R. E. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Arid Shrublands ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Capability ◽  
Semiarid Shrublands

From 2013 to 2015 we recorded an isolated, highly fragmented and previously undocumented population of the southern scrub-robin within the arid shrublands of the Great Victoria Desert. In this region, the southern scrub-robin persists in scattered and intermittent areas of long-unburnt mulga (Acacia spp.) shrubland, with a dense shrubby understorey dominated by Aluta maisonneuvei and Eremophila shrubs. The Great Victoria Desert supports the only known desert population as the southern scrub-robin otherwise occurs in the temperate and semiarid shrublands of southern Australia and occurs in the desert at the arid extreme of its range. Fire is highlighted as a significant threatening process due to the species’ restricted occurrence (less than 5% of the landscape in the region), low reproductive rate, limited dispersal capability and persistence within long-unburnt and fire-sensitive habitats. As forecast environmental changes are likely to render the arid extremes of the species’ range unsuitable, this outlying, desert population is potentially declining and of conservation significance.

The plankton and the benthos: origins and early history of an evolving relationship

Paleobiology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip W. Signor ◽  
Geerat J. Vermeij
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Suspension Feeders ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Ultimate Cause ◽  
Marine Realm ◽  
History Of

Modern marine plankton communities include a broad diversity of metazoans that are suspension-feeding or micropredatory as adults. Many benthic marine species have larval stages that reside, and often feed, in the plankton for brief to very long periods of time, and most marine benthic communities include large numbers of suspension-feeders. This has not always been the case. Cambrian benthic communities included relatively few suspension-feeders. Similarly, there were few metazoan clades represented in the plankton, either as adult suspension-feeders or as larvae. Review of the fossil record suggests that the diversification of the plankton and suspension-feeding marine animals began in the Late Cambrian and continued into the Ordovician. These changes were accompanied by, and probably influenced, concurrent major changes in the marine realm, including an increase in tiering within benthic communities, the replacement of the Cambrian fauna by the Paleozoic fauna, and a general taxonomic diversification. The ultimate cause of these changes is uncertain, but it appears likely that the plankton was and is a refuge from predation and bioturbation for adults and larvae alike. The expansion in plankton biomass thus provided increased ecological opportunities for suspension-feeders in the plankton and benthos.

Distribution and ecology of chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) on Byers Peninsula, Maritime Antarctica

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Rico ◽  
Antonio Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Aquatic Mosses ◽  
Belgica Antarctica ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Capability ◽  
Distribution And Ecology

AbstractThis study describes the ecology and distribution of the only two native Antarctic insects, the chironomid species Parochlus steinenii and Belgica antarctica, both found on Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands). Parochlus steinenii inhabits lakes of the central plateau of Byers Peninsula associated with aquatic mosses on the bottom of lakes and in some streams of the South Beach area. Some streams have stable populations which are able to complete their life cycle while other streams have temporary, unstable populations. Belgica antarctica also inhabits streams running through mosses located in the South Beach area. Our data indicate that this species has a limited dispersal capability which is positively light activated for both adults and pupae. Both Antarctic midge species coexists on Byers Peninsula and share some stretches of streams. Isotopic studies show a non-selective feeding regime for both species with mixed carbon sources associated with both biofilm/microbial mats and mosses.

scholarly journals Vertical distribution of saithe (Pollachius virens) aggregating around fish farms

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1186-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. T. Skilbrei ◽  
H. Otterå
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Swimming Depth ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Migratory Patterns

Abstract Floating fish farm installations attract a number of marine species, probably because they provide both shelter and excess feed from the cages. Saithe are by far the most numerous fish visitors to fish farms on the Norwegian coast, and may gather in large numbers beneath the cages, but detailed knowledge of their swimming behaviour is limited. This study examined the vertical movements and distribution of saithe equipped with acoustic transmitters at 15 fish farms over a period of almost 2 years. The saithe aggregating around fish farms displayed behavioural patterns reported from saithe elsewhere; diel rhytms in vertical distribution, reduced activity level at night and seasonality in swimming depth. Typical residence depth was from 25 to 50 m in summer and 60 to 90 m during winter. However, an anomaly was observed, as fish moved 10–20 m closer to the surface during mid-winter. The reason for this is not known, but may be associated with the use of artificial light to illuminate the fish farm sea cages. The fish were usually distributed through ∼100 m of the water column. In 38% of the observations, there was no apparent diel vertical migration pattern, but 46% of the data showed fish either moved up or down during the daylight hours. Interindividual and intersite variability, in preferred night-resting depth, is a possible explanation for the differing vertical migratory patterns. Fish also moved away from fish farms in daytime (16% of all observations), probably to feed elsewhere. The results suggest that saithe establish core residence areas close to fish farms.

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