scholarly journals The characteristics of host lipid body biogenesis during coral-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11652
Author(s):  
Hung-Kai Chen ◽  
Sabrina L. Rosset ◽  
Li-Hsueh Wang ◽  
Chii-Shiarng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Body ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Hermatypic Coral ◽  
Cellular Regulation ◽  
Tissue Layer ◽  
Cell Border ◽  
Intracellular Lipid ◽  
Metabolic Signaling ◽  
Abnormal Protein ◽  
Gastrodermal Cell

Intracellular lipid body (LB) biogenesis depends on the symbiosis between coral hosts and their Symbiodinaceae. Therefore, understanding the mechanism(s) behind LB biosynthesis in corals can portentially elucide the drivers of cellular regulation during endosymbiosis. This study assessed LB formation in the gastrodermal tissue layer of the hermatypic coral Euphyllia glabrescens. Diel rhythmicity in LB size and distribution was observed; solar irradiation onset at sunrise initiated an increase in LB formation, which continued throughout the day and peaked after sunset at 18:00. The LBs migrated from the area near the mesoglea to the gastrodermal cell border near the coelenteron. Micro-LB biogenesis occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the host gastrodermal cells. A transcriptomic analysis of genes related to lipogenesis indicated that binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) plays a key role in metabolic signaling pathways. The diel rhythmicity of LB biogenesis was correlated with ER-localized BiP expression. BiP expression peaked during the period with the largest increase in LB formation, thereby indicating that the chaperoning reaction of abnormal protein folding inside the host ER is likely involved in LB biosynthesis. These findings suggest that the host ER, central to LB formation, potentially facilitates the regulation of endosymbiosis between coral hosts and Symbiodiniaceae.

scholarly journals A Novel Protein Kinase Localized to Lipid Droplets Is Required for Droplet Biogenesis in Trypanosomes

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1702-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Flaspohler ◽  
Bryan C. Jensen ◽  
Tracy Saveria ◽  
Charles T. Kifer ◽  
Marilyn Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Lipid Body ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Intracellular Lipid ◽  
Hydrophobic Domain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intracellular Organelle ◽  
Novel Protein

ABSTRACT Ubiquitous among eukaryotes, lipid droplets are organelles that function to coordinate intracellular lipid homeostasis. Their morphology and abundance is affected by numerous genes, many of which are involved in lipid metabolism. In this report we identify a Trypanosoma brucei protein kinase, LDK, and demonstrate its localization to the periphery of lipid droplets. Association with lipid droplets was abrogated when the hydrophobic domain of LDK was deleted, supporting a model in which the hydrophobic domain is associated with or inserted into the membrane monolayer of the organelle. RNA interference knockdown of LDK modestly affected the growth of mammalian bloodstream-stage parasites but did not affect the growth of insect (procyclic)-stage parasites. However, the abundance of lipid droplets dramatically decreased in both cases. This loss was dominant over treatment with myriocin or growth in delipidated serum, both of which induce lipid body biogenesis. Growth in delipidated serum also increased LDK autophosphorylation activity. Thus, LDK is required for the biogenesis or maintenance of lipid droplets and is one of the few protein kinases specifically and predominantly associated with an intracellular organelle.

scholarly journals Lipid Accumulation, Lipid Body Formation, and Acyl Coenzyme A Oxidases of the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 3918-3924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Mlíčková ◽  
Emeline Roux ◽  
Karin Athenstaedt ◽  
Sabine d'Andrea ◽  
Günther Daum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lipid Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Intracellular Lipid ◽  
Acyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Yeast Yarrowia Lipolytica

ABSTRACT Yarrowia lipolytica contains five acyl-coenzyme A oxidases (Aox), encoded by the POX1 to POX5 genes, that catalyze the limiting step of peroxisomal β-oxidation. In this study, we analyzed morphological changes of Y. lipolytica growing in an oleic acid medium and the effect of POX deletions on lipid accumulation. Protrusions involved in the uptake of lipid droplets (LDs) from the medium were seen in electron micrographs of the surfaces of wild-type cells grown on oleic acid. The number of protrusions and surface-bound LDs increased during growth, but the sizes of the LDs decreased. The sizes of intracellular lipid bodies (LBs) and their composition depended on the POX genotype. Only a few, small, intracellular LBs were observed in the mutant expressing only Aox4p (Δpox2 Δpox3 Δpox5), but strains expressing either Aox3p or both Aox3p and Aox4p had the same number of LBs as did the wild type. In contrast, strains expressing either Aox2p or both Aox2p and Aox4p formed fewer, but larger, LBs than did the wild type. The size of the LBs increased proportionately with the amount of triacylglycerols in the LBs of the mutants. In summary, Aox2p expression regulates the size of cellular triacylglycerol pools and the size and number of LBs in which these fatty acids accumulate.

scholarly journals Saponin-based adjuvants induce cross-presentation in dendritic cells by intracellular lipid body formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn H. den Brok ◽  
Christian Büll ◽  
Melissa Wassink ◽  
Annemarie M. de Graaf ◽  
Jori A. Wagenaars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lipid Body ◽  
Intracellular Lipid ◽  
Body Formation ◽  
Cross Presentation

A Comprehensive Study of Possible Crosstalk between Angiogenic and Metabolic Signaling Pathways in Cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Latifi-Navid ◽  
Sepideh Taghizadeh ◽  
Zahra-Soheila Soheili ◽  
Shahram Samiei ◽  
Ehsan Ranaie Pirmardan
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Signaling ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Konsumsi Energi Pada Alat Pengering Surya dan Tipe Bak Untuk Pengeringan Biji Kakao

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamhot P. Manalu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Drying Efficiency

Crop drying is essential for preservation in agricultural applications. It is performed either using fossil fuels in an artificial mechanical drying process or by placing the crop under the open sun. The first method is costly and has a negative impact on the environment, while the second method is totally dependent on the weather. The drying process requires a lot of energy in relation to the amount of water that must be evaporated from the product. It is estimated that 12% of the total energy used by the food industries and agriculture absorbed in this process. Due to the limitation of energy resources, it is important to keep researching and developing of diversification and optimization of energy This study aims to assess the use of energy for cocoa drying using solar energy dryer and bin-type dryer, as well as to determine the drying efficiency of each type of dryer. The results showed that the efficiency of the solar dryer drying system ranges between 36% to 46%, while the tub-type dryers between 21.7% to 33.1%. The specific energy of solar dryer ranged from 6.17-7.87 MJ / kg, while the tub-type dryers 8.58-13.63 MJ / kg. Dryer efficiency is influenced by the level of solar irradiation and the amount of drying load, the higher the irradiation received and more cocoa beans are dried, the drying efficiency is also higher and the specific energy further down.Proses pengeringan memerlukan banyak energi sehubungan dengan banyaknya air yang harus diuapkan dari bahan yang dikeringkan. Pengeringan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pengering mekanis berbahan bakar fosil atau dengan menempatkan produk di bawah matahari terbuka. Metode pertama adalah mahal dan memiliki dampak negatif pada lingkungan, sedangkan metode kedua sangat tergantung pada cuaca. Diperkirakan bahwa 12% dari total energi yang dipergunakan oleh industri pangan dan pertanian diserap untuk proses ini. Mengingat semakin terbatasnya sumber energi bahan bakar minyak maka usaha diversifikasi dan optimasi energi untuk pengeringan perlu terus diteliti dan dikembangkan. Salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan energi surya sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan energi untuk pengeringan kakao dengan memakai pengering energi surya dan pengering tipe bak, serta untuk mengetahui efisiensi pengeringan dari masing-masing tipe pengering. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi total sistem pengeringan alat pengering surya berkisar antara 36% dan 46%, sedangkan pengering tipe bak antara 21.7% dan 33.1%. Kebutuhan energi spesifik alat pengering surya berkisar antara 6.17-7.87 MJ/kg, sedangkan alat pengering tipe bak 8.58-13.63 MJ/kg. Efisiensi alat pengering dipengaruhi oleh tingkat iradiasi surya dan jumlah beban pengeringan, semakin tinggi iradiasi yang diterima pengering serta semakin banyak biji kakao yang dikeringkan, maka efisiensi pengeringan juga semakin tinggi dan kebutuhan energi spesifik semakin turun.Keywords: energy, efficiency, cocoa, solar dryer, bin-type dryer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document