scholarly journals Optimized nitrogen fertilizer application strategies under supplementary irrigation improved winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and grain protein yield

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11467
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Zhenwen Yu ◽  
Yongli Zhang ◽  
Yu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Translocation ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme Activity ◽  
Grain Nitrogen

Background Exploring suitable split nitrogen management is essential for winter wheat production in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China (HPC) under water-saving irrigation conditions, which can increase grain and protein yields by improving nitrogen translocation, metabolic enzyme activity and grain nitrogen accumulation. Methods Therefore, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate these effects in HPC. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at a constant total rate (240 kg/ha), split between the sowing and at winter wheat jointing growth stage in varying ratios, N1 (0% basal and 100% dressing fertilizer), N2 (30% basal and 70% dressing fertilizer), N3 (50% basal and 50% dressing fertilizer), N4 (70% basal and 30% dressing fertilizer), and N5 (100% basal and 0% dressing fertilizer). Results We found that the N3 treatment significantly increased nitrogen accumulation post-anthesis and nitrogen translocation to grains. In addition, this treatment significantly increased flag leaf free amino acid levels, and nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities, as well as the accumulation rate, active accumulation period, and accumulation of 1000-grain nitrogen. These factors all contributed to high grain nitrogen accumulation. Finally, grain yield increase due to N3 ranging from 5.3% to 15.4% and protein yield from 13.7% to 31.6%. The grain and protein yields were significantly and positively correlated with nitrogen transport parameters, nitrogen metabolic enzyme activity levels, grain nitrogen filling parameters. Conclusions Therefore, the use of split nitrogen fertilizer application at a ratio of 50%:50% basal-topdressing is recommended for supporting high grain protein levels and strong nitrogen translocation, in pursuit of high-quality grain yield.

scholarly journals Split nitrogen fertilizer application improved grain yield in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) via modulating antioxidant capacity and 13C photosynthate mobilization under water-saving irrigation conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Zhenwen Yu ◽  
Yongli Zhang ◽  
Yu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation

AbstractA water-saving cultivation technique of supplementary irrigation based on soil moisture levels has been adopted for winter wheat production in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China, due to the enhanced water-use efficiency. However, appropriate split nitrogen management may further improve crop growth and grain yield. Here, we conducted a 2-year field experiment to determine if split nitrogen management might improve wheat productivity by enhancing 13C photosynthate mobilization and the antioxidant defense system under water-saving conditions. Split nitrogen management involved a constant total nitrogen rate (240 kg ha−1) split in four different proportions between sowing and jointing stage, i.e., 10:0 (N1), 7:3 (N2), 5:5 (N3), and 3:7 (N4). The N3 treatment significantly enhanced “soil-plant analysis development” values, superoxide dismutase antioxidant activity, soluble protein content, sucrose content, and sucrose phosphate synthetase activity, although it reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). The N3 treatment ultimately increased the amount of dry matter assimilation after anthesis significantly. In addition, the 13C isotope tracer experiment revealed that the N3 treatment promoted the assimilation of carbohydrates after anthesis and their partitioning to the developing grains. Compared to the unequal ratio treatments (N1, N2, and N4), the equal ratio treatment (N3) increased grain yield by 5.70–16.72% via increasing 1000-grain weight and number of grains per spike in both growing seasons. Therefore, we recommend the use of a 5:5 basal-topdressing split nitrogen fertilizer application under water-saving irrigation conditions to promote antioxidant enzyme activity and the remobilization of photosynthate after anthesis for improving wheat grain yield.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILISERS ON THE GRAIN YIELD OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF WINTER WHEAT

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona VAGUSEVIČIENĖ ◽  
Aistė JUCHNEVIČIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Application Rates

The article deals with the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield of different cultivars of winter wheat. Field experiments were conducted in 2011–2013 at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in carbonate shallow gleyic leached soil, (Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisol). The object of the investigation was winter wheat cultivars ‘Zentos’ and ‘Ada’. In sowing time the wheat was treated with granular superphosphate (P60) and potassium chloride (K60), and in spring, after the vegetative growth had resumed, in tillering time (BBCH 23–15) with ammonium nitrate (N60). Additionally, foliar fertilizer urea solution was used: N30, N40 at booting stage (BBCH 34–36) and N15, N30 at milk ripening stage (BBCH 71–74). It has been established that application of nitrogen fertilizer at booting and milk ripening stages increased the yield of wheat cultivars ‘Zentos’ and ‘Ada’ (0.06–1.74 and 0.41–1.74 t ha–1). The correlation and regression analysis confirmed that wheat grain yield statistically significantly correlated with nitrogen fertilizer application rates. The correlative relationships were very strong (r = 0.983 and r = 0.987). Irrespective of additional fertilization, genetic properties of the cultivars also had influence on the yield.

Components of test weight of ten varieties of winter wheat grown with two rates of nitrogen fertilizer application

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona M. Pushman ◽  
J. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
Packing Efficiency ◽  
Xylene Separation

SUMMARYVarietal and environmental factors which influence test weight were investigated in a field trial with ten varieties of winter wheat and two rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Varietal differences in test weight were correlated positively with the protein content of the grain and inversely with grain yield but they were not related to 1000-grain weight or to flour yield. Variation in test weight associated with varietal and environmental effects in protein content was due to differences in the density of the grain, as measured by displacement of xylene. Separation into density grades within a sample by a flotation method showed a similar relationship with protein content. There were also varietal differences in packing efficiency of the grain. In the case of Maris Huntsman a poor packing efficiency was considered to stem from morphological features of the floret and developing grain which lead to characteristic transverse folds in the ventral surface of the mature grain. For wheat grown in the United Kingdom, test weight may provide a useful guide to flour yield for samples of one variety but it is likely to be misleading for comparisons between varieties.

scholarly journals Nitrogen accumulation and productivity of green corn in function of ways and seasons of top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer application

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (35) ◽  
pp. 3293-3298
Author(s):  
Paulo de Morais Oliveira Joao ◽  
Pela Adilson ◽  
Ribeiro Dalton ◽  
Santos de Oliveira Bruna ◽  
Mariano da Silva Leandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation

scholarly journals Optimized split nitrogen fertilizer increase photosynthesis, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency under water-saving irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Yongli Zhang ◽  
Yu Shi ◽  
Zhenwen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

AbstractThis study aims to investigate optimization of the basal-top-dressing nitrogen ratio for improving winter wheat grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency and physiological parameters under supplemental irrigation. A water-saving irrigation (SI) regime was established and sufficient irrigation (UI) was used as a control condition. The split-nitrogen regimes used were based on a identical total nitrogen application rate of 240 kg ha−1 but were split in four different proportions between sowing and the jointing stage; i.e. 10:0 (N1), 7:3 (N2), 5:5 (N3) and 3:7 (N4). Compared with the N1, N2 and N4 treatments, N3 treatment increased grain yield, nitrogen and water use efficiencies by 5.27–17.75%, 5.68–18.78% and 5.65–31.02%, respectively, in both years. The yield advantage obtained with the optimized split-nitrogen fertilizer application may be attributable to greater flag leaf photosynthetic capacity and grain-filling capacity. Furthermore, the N3 treatment maintained the highest nitrogen and water use efficiencies. Moreover, we observed that water use efficiency of SI compared with UI increased by 9.75% in 2016 and 10.79% in 2017, respectively. It can be concluded that SI along with a 5:5 basal-top-dressing nitrogen ratio should be considered as an optimal fertigation strategy for both high grain yield and efficiency in winter wheat.

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