scholarly journals Coupling effects of phosphorus fertilization source and rate on growth and ion accumulation of common bean under salinity stress

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11463
Author(s):  
Heba I. Mohamed ◽  
Adel A. El-Sayed ◽  
Mostafa M. Rady ◽  
Gianluca Caruso ◽  
Agnieszka Sekara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Urea Phosphate ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Sources

Many agricultural regions in arid and semiarid climate zone need to deal with increased soil salinity. Legumes are classified as salt-sensitive crops. A field experiment was performed to examine the application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer source and rate on growth, chlorophylls and carotenoid content, DNA and RNA content and ion accumulation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivated under salinity stress. An experimental design was split-plot with three replicates. The main plots included two P sources, namely single superphosphate (SP) and urea phosphate (UP). The sub-plots covered four P rates, i.e., 0.0, 17.5, 35.0, and 52.5 kg P ha–1. All applied P fertilization rates, in both forms, increased plant height, leaf area, dry weight of shoots and roots per plant, and total dry weight (TDW) in t ha−1. The highest accumulation of N, P, K+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ was determined in the shoot and root of common bean, while 35 kg of P per ha−1 was used compared to the other levels of P fertilizer. The highest P rate (52.5 kg ha−1) resulted in a significant reduction in Na+ in shoot and root of common bean. The response curve of TDW (t ha–1) to different rates of P (kg ha–1) proved that the quadratic model fit better than the linear model for both P sources. Under SP, the expected TDW was 1.675 t ha–1 if P was applied at 51.5 kg ha–1, while under UP, the maximum expected TDW was 1.875 t ha–1 if P was supplied at 42.5 kg ha–1. In conclusion, the 35.0 kg P ha–1 could be considered the best effective P level imposed. The application of P fertilizer as urea phosphate is generally more effective than single superphosphate in enhancing plant growth and alleviating common bean plants against salinity stress.

scholarly journals Lettuce Response to Phosphorus Fertilization with Struvite Recovered from Municipal Wastewater

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo González-Ponce ◽  
Esther G. López-de-Sá ◽  
César Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Spanish Research

Struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) production is widely studied as a way to remove phosphorus (P) from wastewater and generate a potentially marketable P fertilizer, but its effects on crops have yet to be researched more thoroughly. This study was conducted to evaluate struvite recovered by the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) pilot process (STR) as a source of P for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by comparing its effectiveness with that of single superphosphate (SUP), a common P fertilizer derived from phosphate rock. In a greenhouse pot experiment, a P-deficient loamy sand soil was amended with either SUP or STR at P rates of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 mg·kg−1. Nitrogen and potassium were uniformly supplied to all treatments. The response of lettuce head fresh weight and P uptake to P rate exhibited statistically significant quadratic relationships for both SUP and STR. With respect to SUP, STR was significantly more effective in increasing lettuce yield and P uptake, probably because of the larger amount of magnesium (Mg) incorporated with this material and a synergistic effect on P uptake. This work supports previous findings based on other test crops in suggesting that STR can be a P source attractive to the fertilizer market with additional agronomic and environmental benefits such as providing available Mg and nitrogen, helping attenuate consumption of phosphate rock, and reducing release of P by discharge of treated wastewaters to surface and groundwater systems.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization on Growth and Flowering of Scaevola aemula R. Br. `New Wonder'

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1728-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
Renae E. Moran ◽  
Lois B. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Rate ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Acidic Nature

Scaevola aemula R.Br. (fanflower), an ornamental plant native to Australia, produces stunted growth when fertilized with high concentrations of P. To determine optimum P concentration, rooted cuttings were transplanted into 15 cm standard pots and grown with a water soluble fertilizer, where P concentrations were 0, 14.5, 29.0, 43.5, 58.0, 72.5, 87.0 mg·L-1 and all plants received 200 mg·L-1 N and 166 mg·L-1 K. Shoot growth and flowering data were taken every 21 days until the experiment was terminated after 84 days. Shoot length, number and dry weight, and leaf size were reduced significantly at P concentrations higher than 14.5 mg·L-1 with severe reduction at P levels higher than 43.5 mg·L-1. Number of flowers per plant was not affected by P concentrations in the range of 0 to 43.5 mg·L-1, but decreased significantly at P levels higher than 43.5 mg·L-1. Medium pH decreased with increase in P rate due to the acidic nature of the P fertilizer. When P was applied in every irrigation, the optimum concentration was 14.5 mg·L-1 or less. P greater than 43.5 mg·L-1 was detrimental to vegetative growth and flowering, possibly due to above optimum P or to medium acidification.

scholarly journals Utility of Alumina-buffered Phosphorus Fertilizer for Vegetable Production

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuki Tanaka ◽  
Robert Snyder ◽  
John K. Boateng ◽  
William J. Lamont ◽  
Michael D. Orzolek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Sources

The utility of alumina-buffered phosphorus (Al-P) fertilizers for supplying phosphorus (P) to bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in soils with low-P availability was evaluated. Plants were grown at low-P fertility (about 100 kg·ha–1, low-P control; LPC), with conventional P fertilization (205-300 kg·ha–1 annually, fertilizer control; FC), or with one of two Al-P sources (Martenswerke or Alcoa) in 2001–03. The two Al-P fertilizers were applied in 2001; no additional material was applied in 2002-03. Plants grown with Martenswerke Al-P had similar shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root length, leaf P concentration, and fruit yield compared with plants grown with conventional P fertilizer in both 2002 and 2003 seasons. Bell pepper grown with Alcoa Al-P had similar shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root length, leaf P concentration, and fruit yield compared with plants grown without P fertilizer in both seasons. Alcoa Al-P continuously released bioavailable P for 2 years between 2001 and 2002, while Martenswerke Al-P continuously released bioavailable P at least 3 years between 2001 and 2003. These results indicate that some formulations of Al-P can serve as long-term P sources for field vegetable production.

scholarly journals Efecto De La Fertilizacion Fosforo Azufrada Sobre El Sistema Radical Y El Rendimiento De Soja En El Centro De Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (27) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
M. D. Bongiovanni ◽  
G. A. Cerioni ◽  
A. Gonzalez Giorgi ◽  
E. Dobla
Keyword(s):  
Root Length Density ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus

The objective was to evaluate grain the effect of sulfur and phosphorus fertilization on root growth, nodules and soybean yield. The test was performed at 25 km west of Coronel Baigorria department Río Cuarto; Córdoba, Argentina on a Haplustol entic from the series Alpa Corral. Treatments applied were made different doses of single superphosphate (21% P205 y 12% de S).TO: control treatment, no fertilizerT1: 5,5 Kg ha-1de P y 7,2 Kg ha-1de S; T2: 10,9 Kg ha-1de P y 14,4 Kg ha-1 de S y T3: 16,48 Kg ha-1 de P y 21 Kg ha-1.During crop cycle the following observations and measurements: emerged seedlings, root dry weight, number of nodules, primary root diameter, root length density (DLR), and determine harvest, crop yield (kg/ha) and levels of available soil phosphorus at harvest. In this research project the application of phosphorus-sulfur fertilizer produced changes in soybean root system, by increasing dry weight of roots, generating lateral growth, improving the symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria which result in more number of nodules per root. Fertilization also modified rooting patterns increasing DLR in most fertilizer treatments, effects that resulted in an increase in soybeans yield.

scholarly journals Enhanced-Efficiency Phosphorous Fertilizer Impacts on Corn and Common Bean Crops and Soil Phosphorus Diffusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Eiterer de Souza ◽  
Roberto dos A. Reis Jr ◽  
Victor Gustavo Soares Ribeiro ◽  
Murilo Mendes Machado ◽  
Miguel Martins Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Diffusive Flux ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphorus Diffusion ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Sources

Phosphorus (P) supply to crops is a major constraint on the quantity and quality of food production in tropical soils, which are often characterized by highly weathered soils having low phosphorus use efficiency. Increasing P fertilizer use efficiency is a good tool for increasing food production to feed an increasing world population. Enhanced efficiency P fertilizer is used to achieve this goal. The lack of information about soil P diffusive flux and corn and common bean yield response with increased efficiency P fertilizers justify studies to evaluate the performance of this type of fertilizer. The aims of this study were to evaluate P diffusive flux and corn and common bean crop response to P sources and rates. A laboratory trial was carried out to evaluate soil P diffusive flux in response to P sources (MAP and Policote coated MAP). Field trials were carried out to evaluate corn and common bean yields in response to P sources (MAP and Policote coated MAP) and rates. Policote, an additive based on water-soluble polymers, is an anionic copolymer with iron an aluminum affinity. Increasing contact time between P-fertilizers and soil reduced phosphorus diffusive flux. Policote coated P-fertilizer resulted in higher phosphorus diffusion than conventional phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphorus fertilization increased corn and common bean yields. Policote coated phosphorus fertilizer resulted in higher agronomic P efficiency use, corn, and common bean yields than conventional phosphorus fertilizer. Policote coated P fertilizer can be used as an enhanced efficiency fertilizer and is a more efficient way to deliver required phosphorous to plants. Reducing farm investment, increasing agricultural profits, preserve phosphatic rocks reserves, and avoid the overuse of phosphate fertilizer could be realized through the rational use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers and fertilizer rate use reduction.

scholarly journals Effects of manganese on physiological characters of grapevine cultivars under salinity stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Hatami ◽  
Latifeh Pourakbar
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Physiological Characters

Salinity is one of the most important environmental factors which have a significant effect on the growth and fertility. Manganese is an essential element that plays a key role as a nutrient in many plant metabolic processes. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of manganese (1ppm) on Yaghoti and Ghara uzum - two cultivars of grapevine - which were planted and grown under salt stress (0, 50 and 100mmol L-1 NaCl) using greenhouse and hydroponics methods. Results on saline concentration showed led to a significant decrease in length, fresh and dry weight, photosynthesis pigments content, K+ and nitrate content, and K+/Na+ ratio of the plants. It also caused a significant increase in Na+ and Cl- ion concentration and soluble sugar content in shoots and roots of both cultivars. Ghara uzum was more sensitive than Yaghoti to salinity stress. Applying manganese to the medium, resulted in low level of salinity toxicity and sodium ion accumulation in the shoots for Ghara uzum cultivar. For Yaghoti, however, the application of manganese did not reduce the sodium ion accumulation in the shoots, but increased the salinity toxicity. Our findings suggest that Ghara uzum and Yaghoti cultivars had different responses to salinity, manganese and their interaction.

scholarly journals Assessment of Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Responses of Tomato Landraces to Salinity Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Reem H. Alzahib ◽  
Hussein M. Migdadi ◽  
Abdullah A. Al Ghamdi ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
Abdullah A. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Antioxidants Activity ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Salinity Levels

Understanding salt tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces will facilitate their use in genetic improvement. The study assessed the morpho-physiological variability of Hail tomato landraces in response to different salinity levels at seedling stages and recommended a tomato salt-tolerant landrace for future breeding programs. Three tomato landraces, Hail 548, Hail 747, and Hail 1072 were tested under three salinity levels: 75, 150, and 300 mM NaCl. Salinity stress reduced shoots’ fresh and dry weight by 71% and 72%, and roots were 86.5% and 78.6%, respectively. There was 22% reduced chlorophyll content, carotene content by 18.6%, and anthocyanin by 41.1%. Proline content increased for stressed treatments. The 300 mM NaCl treatment recorded the most proline content increases (67.37 mg/g fresh weight), with a percent increase in proline reaching 61.67% in Hail 747. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased by 65% in Hail 548, while it relatively increased in Hail 747 and Hail 1072 treated with 300 mM NaCl. Catalase (CAT) activity was enhanced by salt stress in Hail 548 and recorded 7.6%, increasing at 75 and 5.1% at 300 mM NaCl. It revealed a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) at the 300 mM NaCl concentration in both Hail 548 and Hail 1072 landraces. Increasing salt concentrations showed a reduction in transpiration rate of 70.55%, 7.13% in stomatal conductance, and 72.34% in photosynthetic rate. K+/Na+ ratios decreased from 56% for 75 mM NaCl to 85% for 300 mM NaCl treatments in all genotypes. The response to salt stress in landraces involved some modifications in morphology, physiology, and metabolism. The landrace Hail 548 may have better protection against salt stress and observed protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing enzymatic “antioxidants” activity under salt stress.

scholarly journals Halotolerant Microbial Consortia for Sustainable Mitigation of Salinity Stress, Growth Promotion, and Mineral Uptake in Tomato Plants and Soil Nutrient Enrichment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8369
Author(s):  
Chintan Kapadia ◽  
R. Z. Sayyed ◽  
Hesham Ali El Enshasy ◽  
Harihar Vaidya ◽  
Deepshika Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Secondary Roots

Salinity significantly impacts the growth, development, and reproductive biology of various crops such as vegetables. The cultivable area is reduced due to the accumulation of salts and chemicals currently in use and is not amenable to a large extent to avoid such abiotic stress factors. The addition of microbes enriches the soil without any adverse effects. The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions. Salinity treatments comprising Ec 0, 2, 5, and 8 dS/m were established by mixing soil with seawater until the desired Ec was achieved. The seedlings were transplanted in the pots of the respective pH and were inoculated with microbial consortia. After sufficient growth, these seedlings were transplanted in soil seedling trays. The measurement of soil minerals such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, and pH and the Ec were evaluated and compared with the control 0 days, 15 days, and 35 days after inoculation. The results were found to be non-significant for the soil parameters. In the uninoculated seedlings’ (control) seedling trays, salt treatment significantly affected leaf, shoot, root dry weight, shoot height, number of secondary roots, chlorophyll, and mineral contents. While bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia). The Na and K intake were higher even in the presence of the microbes, but the beneficial effect of the microbe helps plants sustain in the saline environment. The inoculation of microbial consortia produced more secondary roots, which accumulate more minerals and transport substances to the different parts of the plant; thus, it produced higher biomass and growth. Results of the present study revealed that the treatment with microbial consortia could alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity stress and improve the growth of tomato plants under salinity stress. Microbial consortia appear to be the best alternative and cost-effective and sustainable approach for managing soil salinity and improving plant growth under salt stress conditions.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of water or citrate soluble phosphorus in modified phosphate rocks for soybean

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Ignácio Prochnow ◽  
José Francisco da Cunha ◽  
Ariel Francisco Candiotti Ventimiglia
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Standard Source ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Sources

Ten P fertilizers were collected (commercial fertilizers) or synthesized (experimental sources) in order to obtain single superphosphates varying in water and citrate solubility. A standard source of P was also produced by crystallization of the water-soluble fraction of a triple superphosphate. Eleven P sources were band applied to a medium textured Xanthic Hapludox, in Bahia, Brazil (low content of resin-extractable P) at a rate of 80 kg ha-1 of NAC + H2O (neutral ammonium citrate plus water) soluble P2O5, with soybean as the crop which was grown to maturity. A check plot (control) was included in the study. Three of the P sources [single superphosphate produced from Araxa phosphate rock (PR), low-grade single superphosphate produced from Lagamar PR and the standard source of P] were also applied at rates to provide 40 and 120 kg ha-1 of NAC + H2O soluble P2O5. Yield of soybean was evaluated by analysis of variance with mean comparison performed utilizing LSD lines, considering the P sources applied at a rate of 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5 + control. Regression procedures were used to study the relation between yield of soybean and rates of P2O5. The fertilizers tested performed equally well as a source of P for soybean. The level of water-soluble P did not influence fertilizer performance.

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