scholarly journals Prey type and foraging ecology of SanderlingsCalidris albain different climate zones: are tropical areas more favourable than temperate sites?

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Grond ◽  
Yaa Ntiamoa-Baidu ◽  
Theunis Piersma ◽  
Jeroen Reneerkens
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Tropical Areas

scholarly journals Enhancement and validation of the state-of-the-art global hydrological model H08 (v.bio1) to simulate second-generation herbaceous bioenergy crop yield

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhipin Ai ◽  
Naota Hanasaki ◽  
Vera Heck ◽  
Tomoko Hasegawa ◽  
Shinichiro Fujimori
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Future Assessment ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Improved Model

Abstract. Large-scale deployment of bioenergy plantations would have adverse effects on water resources. There is an increasing need to ensure the appropriate inclusion of the bioenergy crops in global hydrological models. Here, through parameter calibration and algorithm improvement, we enhanced the global hydrological model H08 to simulate the bioenergy yield from two dedicated herbaceous bioenergy crops, Miscanthus and switchgrass. Site-specific evaluations showed that the enhanced model had the ability to simulate yield for both Miscanthus and switchgrass, with the calibrated yields being well within the ranges of the observed yield. Independent country-specific evaluations further confirmed the performance of the enhanced H08. Using this improved model, we found that unconstrained irrigation more than doubled the yield of the rainfed condition, but reduced the water use efficiency (WUE) by 32 % globally. With irrigation, the yield in dry climate zones can exceed the rainfed yields in tropical climate zones. Nevertheless, due to the low water consumption in tropical areas, the highest WUE was found in tropical climate zones, regardless of whether the crop was irrigated. Our enhanced model provides a new tool for the future assessment of bioenergy–water tradeoffs.

The foraging ecology of the gray rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides). III. Searching for different prey types in structurally varied habitats

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Mullin ◽  
Robert J Cooper ◽  
William HN Gutzke
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Elaphe Obsoleta ◽  
Rat Snake ◽  
Low Levels

Dietary generalists foraging for prey inhabiting different microhabitats may encounter different levels of structural complexity. We examined the effect of variation in prey type on the predation success and behaviors of the semi-arboreal gray rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides) foraging in structurally varied habitats. Individual snakes searched for contents of arboreal birds' nests or for small rodents in enclosures that simulated a bottomland hardwood forest habitat with one of five levels of vegetation density. Latency to prey capture was lower when the snakes were searching for small rodents than when they were searching for birds' nests, and lower for male snakes than for females. Generally, snakes were most successful when searching for prey in enclosures with low levels of structural complexity, and experienced decreased predation success in barren or highly complex habitats. Habitats with low levels of structural complexity may offer the snakes concealment from predation while not obscuring their perception or pursuit of prey. Of behavior durations measured in the trials, over 95% concerned 6 of the 20 behaviors described, and 3 of these occurred more often than the others, regardless of variation in the structural complexity of the habitat. Foraging gray rat snakes exhibited behaviors characteristic of active and ambush foraging strategies that increased their predation success on different prey types in the varied environments.

scholarly journals Simulating second-generation herbaceous bioenergy crop yield using the global hydrological model H08 (v.bio1)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6077-6092
Author(s):  
Zhipin Ai ◽  
Naota Hanasaki ◽  
Vera Heck ◽  
Tomoko Hasegawa ◽  
Shinichiro Fujimori
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Future Assessment ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Improved Model

Abstract. Large-scale deployment of bioenergy plantations would have adverse effects on water resources. There is an increasing need to ensure the appropriate inclusion of the bioenergy crops in global hydrological models. Here, through parameter calibration and algorithm improvement, we enhanced the global hydrological model H08 to simulate the bioenergy yield from two dedicated herbaceous bioenergy crops: Miscanthus and switchgrass. Site-specific evaluations showed that the enhanced model had the ability to simulate yield for both Miscanthus and switchgrass, with the calibrated yields being well within the ranges of the observed yield. Independent country-specific evaluations further confirmed the performance of the H08 (v.bio1). Using this improved model, we found that unconstrained irrigation more than doubled the yield under rainfed condition, but reduced the water use efficiency (WUE) by 32 % globally. With irrigation, the yield in dry climate zones can exceed the rainfed yields in tropical climate zones. Nevertheless, due to the low water consumption in tropical areas, the highest WUE was found in tropical climate zones, regardless of whether the crop was irrigated. Our enhanced model provides a new tool for the future assessment of bioenergy–water tradeoffs.

ANTICANCER EFFECT OF UVARIA GENUS

2014 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Thi Bich Hien Le ◽  
Viet Duc Ho ◽  
Thi Hoai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Cancer Activity

Nowadays, cancer treatment has been a big challenge to healthcare systems. Most of clinical anti-cancer therapies are toxic and cause adverse effects to human body. Therefore, current trend in science is seeking and screening of natural compounds which possess antineoplastic activities to utilize in treatment. Uvaria L. - Annonaceae includes approximately 175 species spreading over tropical areas of Asia, Australia, Africa and America. Studies on chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Uvaria showed that several compound classes in this genus such as alkaloid, flavonoid, cyclohexen derivaties, acetogenin, steroid, terpenoid, etc. indicate considerable biological activities, for example anti-tumor, anti-cancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, etc. Specifically, anti-cancer activity of fractions of extract and pure isolated compounds stands out for cytotoxicity against many cancer cell lines. This study provides an overview of anti-cancer activity of Uvaria and suggests a potential for further studies on seeking and developing novel anti-cancer compounds. Key words: Anti-cancer, Uvaria.

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