scholarly journals spa diversity of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in clinical strains from Malaysia: a high prevalence of invasive European spa-type t032

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11195
Author(s):  
Sherry Usun Jones ◽  
Kek Heng Chua ◽  
Ching Hoong Chew ◽  
Chew Chieng Yeo ◽  
Fatimah Haslina Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Spa Type

Background Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important pathogens causing nosocomial infection. spa typing allows identification of S. aureus clones in hospital isolates and is useful for epidemiological studies and nosocomial infection control. This study aims to investigate the spa types in Malaysian S. aureus isolates obtained from various clinical specimens. Method A total of 89 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) [pus (n = 55), blood (n = 27), respiratory (n = 5), eye (n = 2)] isolates and 109 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) [pus (n = 79), blood (n = 24), respiratory (n = 3), eye (n = 2) and urine (n = 1)] isolates were subjected to spa typing with sequences analysed using BioNumerics version 7. Results The spa sequence was successfully amplified from 77.8% of the strains (154/198) and 47 known spa types were detected. The distribution of known spa types in MRSA (36.2%, 17/47) was less diverse than in MSSA (70.2%, 33/47). The most predominant spa types were t032 (50%) in MRSA, and t127 (19%) and t091 (16.7%) in MSSA, respectively. spa type t091 in MSSA was significantly associated with skin and soft tissue infections (p = 0.0199). Conclusion The previously uncommon spa type t032 was detected in the Malaysian MRSA strains, which also corresponded to the most common spa type in Europe and Australia, and has replaced the dominant spa type t037 which was reported in Malaysia in 2010.

scholarly journals Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)-Positive Health Care-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Are Associated with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and Colonized Mainly by Infective PVL-Encoding Bacteriophages

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiwen Hu ◽  
Hang Cheng ◽  
Wenchang Yuan ◽  
Fangyin Zeng ◽  
Weilong Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

The emergence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a public health concern worldwide. PVL is associated with community-associated MRSA and is linked to skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). However, PVL genes have also been detected in health care-associated (HA) MRSA isolates. The diseases associated with PVL-positive HA-MRSA isolates and the distributions of PVL-encoding bacteriophages in HA-MRSA have not been determined. In this study, a total of 259 HA-MRSA strains isolated between 2009 and 2012 in China from inpatients with SSTIs, pneumonia, and bacteremia were selected for molecular typing, including staphylococcal cassette chromosomemectyping, multilocus sequence typing, and staphylococcal protein A gene typing. The PVL genes and PVL bacteriophages in the MRSA isolates were characterized by PCR. Among the tested MRSA isolates, 28.6% (74/259) were PVL positive. The high prevalence of PVL-carrying HA-MRSA was observed to be associated with SSTIs but not with pneumonia or bacteremia. The PVL-positive HA-MRSA isolates were colonized mainly by infective PVL phages, namely, Φ7247PVL, ΦSLT, and ΦSa2958. The distribution of PVL-carrying bacteriophages differed geographically. Our study highlights the potential risk of the emergence of multidrug-resistant HA-MRSA strains with increased virulence.

scholarly journals Prospective Randomized Trial of Empiric Therapy with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole or Doxycycline for Outpatient Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in an Area of High Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 2628-2630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jo Cenizal ◽  
Daniel Skiest ◽  
Samuel Luber ◽  
Roger Bedimo ◽  
Pat Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Clinical Failure ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence

ABSTRACT To evaluate empirical therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or doxycycline for outpatient skin and soft tissue infections in an area of high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a randomized, prospective, open-label investigation was performed. The overall clinical failure rate was 9%, with all failures occurring in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group. However, there was no significant difference between the clinical failure rate of empirical trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy and that of doxycycline therapy.

scholarly journals Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: prevalence in skin and soft tissue infections at emergency departments in the Greater Toronto Area and associated risk factors

CJEM ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Adam ◽  
Vanessa G. Allen ◽  
Andrea Currie ◽  
Allison J. McGeer ◽  
Andrew E. Simor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACTObjective:Community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA), which is caused primarily by the Canadian methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus-10 (CMRSA-10) strain (also known as the USA300 strain) has emerged rapidly in the United States and is now emerging in Canada. We assessed the prevalence, risk factors, microbiological characteristics and outcomes of CA-MRSA in patients with purulent skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in the Greater Toronto Area.Methods:Patients withStaphylococcus aureusSSTIs who presented to 7 EDs between Mar. 1 and Jun. 30, 2007, were eligible for inclusion in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and molecular characteristics of MRSA strains were identified. Demographic, risk factor and clinical data were collected through telephone interviews.Results:MRSA was isolated from 58 (19%) of 299 eligible patients. CMRSA-10 was identified at 6 of the 7 study sites and accounted for 29 (50%) of all cases of MRSA. Telephone interviews were completed for 161 of the eligible patients. Individuals with CMRSA-10 were younger (median 34 v. 63 yr,p= 0.002), less likely to report recent antibiotic use (22% v. 67%,p= 0.046) or health care–related risk factors (33% v. 72%,p= 0.097) and more likely to report community-related risk factors (56% v. 6%,p= 0.008) than patients with other MRSA strains. CMRSA-10 SSTIs were treated with incision and drainage (1 patient), antibiotic therapy (3 patients) or both (5 patients), and all resolved. CMRSA-10 isolates were susceptible to clindamycin, tetracycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole.Conclusion:CA-MRSA is a significant cause of SSTIs in the Greater Toronto Area, and can affect patients without known community-related risk factors. The changing epidemiology of CA-MRSA necessitates further surveillance to inform prevention strategies and empiric treatment guidelines.

Multiclonal outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections on a collegiate football team

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. HALL ◽  
D. BIXLER ◽  
L. E. HADDY
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Collegiate Football

SUMMARYAn outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) occurred in a college football team in August 2006. Of 109 players on the team roster, 88 (81%) were interviewed during a cohort investigation. Twenty-five cases were identified, six of which were culture-confirmed. Available culture isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), which identified two different MRSA strains associated with the outbreak. Playing positions with the most physical contact (offensive linemen, defensive linemen, and tight ends) had the greatest risk of infection [risk ratio (RR) 5·1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·3–11·5. Other risk factors included recent skin trauma (RR 1·9, 95% CI 0·95–3·7), use of therapeutic hydrocollator packs (RR 2·5, 95% CI 1·1–5·7), and miscellaneous training equipment use (RR 2·1, 95% CI 1·1–4·1). The outbreak was successfully controlled through team education and implementation of improved infection-control practices and hygiene policies.

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