scholarly journals Segmental analysis by speckle-tracking echocardiography of the left ventricle response to isoproterenol in male and female mice

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11085
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Walsh-Wilkinson ◽  
Marie Arsenault ◽  
Jacques Couet
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Radial Strain ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Reverse Strain

We studied by conventional and speckle-tracking echocardiography, the response of the left ventricle (LV) to a three-week continuous infusion of isoproterenol (Iso), a non-specific beta-adrenergic receptor agonist in male and female C57Bl6/J mice. Before and after Iso (30 mg/kg/day), we characterized LV morphology and function as well as global and segmental strain. We observed that Iso reduced LV ejection in both male (−8.7%) and female (−14.7%) mice. Several diastolic function parameters were negatively regulated in males and females such as E/A, E/E′, isovolumetric relaxation time. Global longitudinal (GLS) and circumferential (GCS) strains were reduced by Iso in both sexes, GLS by 31% and GCS by about 20%. For the segmental LV analysis, we measured strain, strain rate, reverse strain rate, peak speckle displacement and peak speckle velocity in the parasternal long axis. We observed that radial strain of the LV posterior segments were more severely modulated by Iso than those of the anterior wall in males. In females, on the other hand, both posterior and anterior wall segments were negatively impacted by Iso. Longitudinal strain showed similar results to the radial strain for both sexes. Strain rate, on the other hand, was only moderately changed by Iso. Reverse strain rate measurements (an index of diastolic function) showed that posterior LV segments were negatively regulated by Iso. We then studied the animals 5 and 17 weeks after Iso treatment. Compared to control mice, LV dilation was still present in males. Ejection fraction was decreased in mice of both sex compared to control animals. Diastolic function parameters, on the other hand, were back to normal. Taken together, our study indicates that segmental strain analysis can identify LV regions that are more negatively affected by a cardiotoxic agent such as Iso. In addition, cessation of Iso was not accompanied with a complete restoration of cardiac function after four months.

scholarly journals Transverse Right Ventricle Strain and Strain Rate Assessed by 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Dogs with Pulmonary Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Caivano ◽  
Mark Rishniw ◽  
Francesco Birettoni ◽  
Vasilica-Flory Petrescu ◽  
Francesco Porciello
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Radial Strain ◽  
Transverse Strain ◽  
Strain Component ◽  
Strain And Strain Rate ◽  
Healthy Dogs

Right ventricular (RV) strain analysis using 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) permits practitioners to assess regional and global deformation of the myocardium. Recently, assessment of the longitudinal right ventricle (RV) strain and strain rate using 2D STE has been reported in dogs. Although longitudinal deformation is the dominant component of the RV systole, RV myocardial fibers of the superficial layer are oriented circumferentially and these contribute to the RV pump function (radial deformation). Because this strain component has not been investigated in dogs, we have assessed radial RV strain and strain rate using 2D STE in healthy dogs and dogs with pulmonary hypertension (PH). We have recruited 74 dogs (40 healthy dogs and 34 dogs with PH) in which we have analyzed radial RV free wall strain and strain rate using XstrainTM software. We have used the left apical 4-chamber view optimized for the RV for analysis of the radial strain and strain rate variables (XstrainTM software denoted radial strain as “transverse”). Seven dogs were excluded during the analysis for low quality images. Transverse strain and strain rate obtained in healthy dogs showed no relationship with heart rate, body weight or age (r2 < 0.09 and p > 0.05 for all variables). Moreover, no relationship between transverse strain/strain rate variables and left atrial-to-aortic ratios was observed (r2 < 0.06 and p = 0.2, for both). Transverse strain and strain rate obtained in dogs with PH, showed weak negative relationships with tricuspid regurgitation velocity (r2 < 0.25 and p = 0.006, for both). Transverse RV strain and strain rate using 2D STE is feasible in most dogs and decrease with worsening of the PH, but these advanced echocardiographic indices do not help in identifying dogs with PH.

scholarly journals High-frequency speckle tracking echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular function and remodeling after murine myocardial infarction

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (9) ◽  
pp. H1371-H1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Bhan ◽  
Alexander Sirker ◽  
Juqian Zhang ◽  
Andrea Protti ◽  
Norman Catibog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Radial Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Intraobserver Variability ◽  
Strain And Strain Rate

The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility and accuracy of high-frequency speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in a murine model of myocardial infarction (MI). STE is used clinically to quantify global and regional cardiac function, but its application in mice is challenging because of the small cardiac size and rapid heart rates. A high-frequency microultrasound system with STE (Visualsonics Vevo 2100) was compared against magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of global left ventricular (LV) size and function after murine MI. Animals subjected to coronary ligation ( n = 46) or sham ligation ( n = 27) were studied 4 wk postoperatively. Regional and global deformation were also assessed. STE-derived LV ejection fraction (EF) and mass correlated well with MRI indexes ( r = 0.93, 0.77, respectively; P < 0.001), as did STE-derived mass with postmortem values ( r = 0.80, P < 0.001). Higher STE-derived volumes correlated positively with MRI-derived infarct size ( P < 0.01). Global strain parameters were significantly reduced after MI (all P < 0.001) and strongly correlated with LV mass and MRI-derived infarct size as promising surrogates for the extent of remodeling and infarction, respectively (both P < 0.05). Regional strain analyses showed that radial strain and strain rate were relatively preserved in anterior basal segments after MI compared with more apical segments ( P < 0.001); however, longitudinal strain and strain rate were significantly impaired both basally and distally ( P < 0.001). Strain-derived parameters of dyssynchrony were significantly increased in the MI group ( P < 0.01). Analysis time for STE was 210 ± 45 s with acceptable inter- and intraobserver variability. In conclusion, high-frequency STE enables quantitative assessment of regional and global function in the remodeling murine LV after MI.

scholarly journals The influence of acute unloading on left ventricular strain and strain rate by speckle tracking echocardiography in a porcine model

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (10) ◽  
pp. H1330-H1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Olav Dahle ◽  
Lodve Stangeland ◽  
Christian Arvei Moen ◽  
Pirjo-Riitta Salminen ◽  
Rune Haaverstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Circumferential Strain ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Radial Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Conductance Catheter ◽  
Left Ventricular Strain ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Strain And Strain Rate

Noninvasive measurements of myocardial strain and strain rate by speckle tracking echocardiography correlate to cardiac contractile state but also to load, which may weaken their value as indices of inotropy. In a porcine model, we investigated the influence of acute dynamic preload reductions on left ventricular strain and strain rate and their relation to the pressure-conductance catheter-derived preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW) and peak positive first derivative of left ventricular pressure (LV-dP/d tmax). Speckle tracking strain and strain rate in the longitudinal, circumferential, and radial directions were measured during acute dynamic reductions of end-diastolic volume during three different myocardial inotropic states. Both strain and strain rate were sensitive to unloading of the left ventricle ( P < 0.001), but the load dependency for strain rate was modest compared with strain. Changes in longitudinal and circumferential strain correlated more strongly to changes in end-diastolic volume ( r = −0.86 and r = −0.72) than did radial strain ( r = 0.35). Longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain significantly correlated with LV-dP/d tmax ( r = −0.53, r = −0.46, and r = 0.86), whereas only radial strain correlated with PRSW ( r = 0.55). Strain rate in the longitudinal, circumferential and radial direction significantly correlated with both PRSW ( r = −0.64, r = −0.58, and r = 0.74) and LV-dP/d tmax ( r = −0.95, r = −0.70, and r = 0.85). In conclusion, the speckle tracking echocardiography-derived strain rate is more robust to dynamic ventricular unloading than strain. Longitudinal and circumferential strain could not predict load-independent contractility. Strain rates, and especially in the radial direction, are good predictors of preload-independent inotropic markers derived from conductance catheter.

scholarly journals Components of Left Ventricular Ejection and Filling in Patients With Aortic Regurgitation Assessed by Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaida Mizarienė ◽  
Silvija Bučytė ◽  
Diana Žaliaduonytė-Pekšienė ◽  
Regina Jonkaitienė ◽  
Jūratė Janėnaitė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Aortic Regurgitation ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Radial Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
Apical Rotation ◽  
Basal Rotation

The aim of our study was to evaluate left ventricular (LV) longitudinal, radial, and rotational function and its relationship with conventional LV parameters of systolic and diastolic function in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) by speckle-tracking echocardiography. Material and Methods. A total of 26 asymptomatic patients with moderate AR, 34 patients with severe AR, and 28 healthy controls were included into the study. LV rotation and longitudinal and radial strain were measured offline using speckle-tracking imaging. Results. The systolic longitudinal strain (–18.3% [SD, 2.18%] vs. –21.0% [SD, 2.52%], P<0.05) and strain rate (–1.08 s–1 [SD, 0.13 s–1] vs. –1.27 s–1 [SD, 0.15 s–1], P<0.05) were significantly lower and apical rotation (11.3° [SD, 4.99°] vs. 8.30° [SD, 4.34°], P<0.05) as well as rotation rate (82.72°/s [SD, 28.24 °/s] vs. 71.00°/s [SD, 28.04 °/s], P<0.05) were significantly higher in the patients with moderate AR compared with the control patients. The LV systolic basal rotation, systolic radial strain, and diastolic radial strain rate were significantly reduced in the patients with severe AR compared with the control patients. The global longitudinal, radial strain, and LV systolic diameter were the independent predictors of LV ejection fraction in the patients with AR (R2=0.77). The LV systolic basal rotation in the control patients, diastolic longitudinal strain rate and systolic longitudinal strain in the patients with moderate and severe AR, respectively, were independent predictors of LV diastolic filling. Conclusions. LV long-axis dysfunction with an increased apical rotation was present in the patients with moderate AR, while LV radial function and systolic basal rotation were found to be reduced in more advanced disease. LV diastolic filling depended on diastolic and systolic LV strain and rotation components in the patients with AR.

scholarly journals Strain and strain rate by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in a maned wolf

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1336-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus M. Mantovani ◽  
Adriana C. Silva ◽  
Ruthnéa A.L. Muzzi ◽  
Guilherme Oberlender ◽  
Rosane M. Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Radial Strain ◽  
Chamber View ◽  
Strain And Strain Rate ◽  
Maned Wolf ◽  
The Right

The measurement of cardiovascular features of wild animals is important, as is the measurement in pets, for the assessment of myocardial function and the early detection of cardiac abnormalities, which could progress to heart failure. Speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) is a new tool that has been used in veterinary medicine, which demonstrates several advantages, such as angle independence and the possibility to provide the early diagnosis of myocardial alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the left myocardial function in a maned wolf by 2D STE. Thus, the longitudinal, circumferential and radial strain and strain rate were obtained, as well as, the radial and longitudinal velocity and displacement values, from the right parasternal long axis four-chamber view, the left parasternal apical four chamber view and the parasternal short axis at the level of the papillary muscles. The results of the longitudinal variables were -13.52±7.88, -1.60±1.05, 4.34±2.52 and 3.86±3.04 for strain (%), strain rate (1/s), displacement (mm) and velocity (cm/s), respectively. In addition, the radial and circumferential Strain and Strain rate were 24.39±14.23, 1.86±0.95 and -13.69±6.53, -1.01±0.48, respectively. Thus, the present study provides the first data regarding the use of this tool in maned wolves, allowing a more complete quantification of myocardial function in this species.

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