scholarly journals Transcriptome profiling reveals histone deacetylase 1 gene overexpression improves flavonoid, isoflavonoid, and phenylpropanoid metabolism in Arachis hypogaea hairy roots

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10976
Author(s):  
Liangchen Su ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Baihong Zhang ◽  
Meijuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Histone Deacetylase 1 ◽  
Transgenic Hairy Roots

Background The peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is a crop plant of high economic importance, but the epigenetic regulation of its root growth and development has not received sufficient attention. Research on Arabidopsis thaliana has shown that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in cell growth, cell differentiation, and stress response. Few studies have focused on the role of HDACs in the root development of other plants, particularly crop plants. In earlier studies, we found large accumulations of A. hypogaea histone deacetylase 1 (AhHDA1) mRNA in peanut roots. However, we did not explore the role of AhHDA1 in peanut root development. Methods In this paper, we investigated the role of the peanut AhHDA1 gene and focused on the effect of altered AhHDA1 expression in hairy roots at both the phenotypic and transcriptional levels. We analyzed the transformation of A. hypogaea hairy roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes and RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes that were assigned to specific metabolic pathways. Transgenic hairy roots were used as experimental material to analyze the downstream genes expression and histone acetylation levels. To thoroughly understand AhHDA1 function, we also simultaneously screened the AhHDA1-interacting proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system. Results AhHDA1-overexpressing hairy roots were growth-retarded after 20 d in vitro cultivation, and they had a greater accumulation of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide than the control and RNAi groups. AhHDA1 overexpression in hairy roots accelerated flux through various secondary synthetic metabolic pathways, as well as inhibited the primary metabolism process. AhHDA1 overexpression also caused a significant upregulation of genes encoding the critical enzyme chalcone synthase (Araip.B8TJ0, CHS) in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, hydroxyisoflavanone synthase (Araip.0P3RJ) in the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (Aradu.M62BY, CCoAOMT) in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. In contrast, ferredoxin 1 (Araip.327XS), the polypeptide of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II (Araip.N6ZTJ), and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Aradu.5IY98) in the photosynthetic pathway were significantly downregulated by AhHDA1 overexpression. The expression levels of these genes had a positive correlation with histone acetylation levels. Conclusion Our results revealed that the relationship between altered gene metabolism activities and AhHDA1 overexpression was mainly reflected in flavonoid, isoflavonoid, and phenylpropanoid metabolism. AhHDA1 overexpression retarded the growth of transgenic hairy roots and may be associated with cell metabolism status. Future studies should focus on the function of AhHDA1-interacting proteins and their effect on root development.

scholarly journals Overexpression of AhHDA1 Results in Retarded Growth of Hairy Roots and Altered Cell Metabolism in Arachis hypogaea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangchen Su ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Baihong Zhang ◽  
Meijuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Histone Deacetylase 1

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is a crop plant with high economic value, but the epigenetic regulation of its growth and development has only rarely been studied. The peanut histone deacetylase 1 gene (AhHDA1) has been isolated and is known to be ABA- and drought-responsive. In this paper, we investigate the role of AhHDA1 in more detail, focussing on the effect of altered AhHDA1 expression in hairy roots at both the phenotypic and transcriptional levels. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of A. hypogaea hairy roots was used to analyse how overexpression or RNA interference of AhHDA1 affects this tissue. In both types of transgenic hairy root, RNA sequencing was adopted to identify genes that were differentially expressed, and these genes were assigned to specific metabolic pathways. AhHDA1-overexpressing hairy roots were growth-retarded after 20 d in vitro cultivation, and superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide accumulated to a greater extent than in control or RNAi groups. Overexpression of AhHDA1 is likely to accelerate flux through various secondary synthetic metabolic pathways in hairy roots, as well as reduce photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation. Genes encoding the critical enzymes caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (Araip.XGB85) and caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (Araip.Z3XZX) in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, chalcone synthase (Araip.B8TJ0) and polyketide reductase (Araip.MKZ27) in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and hydroxyisoflavanone synthase (Araip.0P3RJ) and isoflavone 2'-hydroxylase (Araip.S5EJ7) in the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway were significantly upregulated by AhHDA1 overexpression, while their expression in AhHDA1-RNAi and control hairy roots remained at a lower level or was unchanged. Our results suggest that alteration of secondary metabolism activities is related to overexpression of AhHDA1, which is mainly reflected in phenylpropanoid, flavonoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. Future studies will focus on the function of AhHDA1 interacting proteins and their action on cell growth and stress responses.

scholarly journals Different Sequevars of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum Causing Bacterial Wilt of Bidens pilosa in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2768-2773
Author(s):  
Yonglin He ◽  
Yixue Mo ◽  
Dehong Zheng ◽  
Qiqin Li ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Ralstonia Pseudosolanacearum ◽  
Phylotype I

Bidens pilosa is an invasive weed that threatens the growth of crops and biodiversity in China. In 2017, suspected bacterial wilt of B. pilosa was discovered in Qinzhou and Beihai, Guangxi, China. A variety of weeds are considered as reservoirs harboring bacterial wilt pathogens, but most do not show obvious symptoms in the field. Identifying the classification status of the B. pilosa bacterial wilt pathogen and exploring its geographical origin might be helpful for clarifying the role of weeds in the circulation of the disease. Phylotyping, sequevar analysis, and cross inoculation of pathogens isolated from B. pilosa and nearby peanut (Arachis hypogaea), balsam gourd (Momordica charantia), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus robusta) plants were carried out. Three isolates of B. pilosa (Bp01, Bp02, and Bp03) were identified as Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, race 1, biovar 3, and phylotype I, and belonged to sequevars 17 and 44, and an unknown sequevar. The sequevars isolated from B. pilosa were not completely consistent with those of the nearby hosts, and the virulence of these isolates differed when cross inoculated. The Bp03 sequevar was different from peanut isolate sequevars in the same field and was not identical to any previously designated sequevars. The isolates from B. pilosa and other nearby hosts displayed low or no virulence toward their cross hosts (with wilt incidences less than 33.33%). An exception to this was the isolates from B. pilosa, which displayed high virulence toward eucalyptus (with a wilt incidence of 70.00 to 100.00%). This is the first report of different sequevars of R. pseudosolanacearum causing typical bacterial wilt symptoms in B. pilosa in the field.

scholarly journals Phosphorylation of GAPVD1 Is Regulated by the PER Complex and Linked to GAPVD1 Degradation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3787
Author(s):  
Hussam Ibrahim ◽  
Philipp Reus ◽  
Anna Katharina Mundorf ◽  
Anna-Lena Grothoff ◽  
Valerie Rudenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Casein Kinase 1 ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Kinetics Of

Repressor protein period (PER) complexes play a central role in the molecular oscillator mechanism of the mammalian circadian clock. While the main role of nuclear PER complexes is transcriptional repression, much less is known about the functions of cytoplasmic PER complexes. We found with a biochemical screen for PER2-interacting proteins that the small GTPase regulator GTPase-activating protein and VPS9 domain-containing protein 1 (GAPVD1), which has been identified previously as a component of cytoplasmic PER complexes in mice, is also a bona fide component of human PER complexes. We show that in situ GAPVD1 is closely associated with casein kinase 1 delta (CSNK1D), a kinase that regulates PER2 levels through a phosphoswitch mechanism, and that CSNK1D regulates the phosphorylation of GAPVD1. Moreover, phosphorylation determines the kinetics of GAPVD1 degradation and is controlled by PER2 and a C-terminal autoinhibitory domain in CSNK1D, indicating that the regulation of GAPVD1 phosphorylation is a novel function of cytoplasmic PER complexes and might be part of the oscillator mechanism or an output function of the circadian clock.

scholarly journals The Ability of Metabolomics to Discriminate Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes Depends on the Stage of the Disease and the Type of Material Studied

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3314
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kowalczyk ◽  
Joanna Kisluk ◽  
Karolina Pietrowska ◽  
Joanna Godzien ◽  
Miroslaw Kozlowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Nsclc Patients

Identification of the NSCLC subtype at an early stage is still quite sophisticated. Metabolomics analysis of tissue and plasma of NSCLC patients may indicate new, and yet unknown, metabolic pathways active in the NSCLC. Our research characterized the metabolomics profile of tissue and plasma of patients with early and advanced NSCLC stage. Samples were subjected to thorough metabolomics analyses using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. Tissue and/or plasma samples from 137 NSCLC patients were analyzed. Based on the early stage tissue analysis, more than 200 metabolites differentiating adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) subtypes as well as normal tissue, were identified. Most of the identified metabolites were amino acids, fatty acids, carnitines, lysoglycerophospholipids, sphingomyelins, plasmalogens and glycerophospholipids. Moreover, metabolites related to N-acyl ethanolamine (NAE) biosynthesis, namely glycerophospho (N-acyl) ethanolamines (GP-NAE), which discriminated early-stage SCC from ADC, have also been identified. On the other hand, the analysis of plasma of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and NSCLC patients allowed exclusion of the metabolites related to the inflammatory state in lungs and the identification of compounds (lysoglycerophospholipids, glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins) truly characteristic to cancer. Our results, among already known, showed novel, thus far not described, metabolites discriminating NSCLC subtypes, especially in the early stage of cancer. Moreover, the presented results also indicated the activity of new metabolic pathways in NSCLC. Further investigations on the role of NAE biosynthesis pathways in the early stage of NSCLC may reveal new prognostic and diagnostic targets.

scholarly journals The Role of Cell Metabolism in Innate Immune Memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anaisa Valido Ferreira ◽  
Jorge Domiguéz-Andrés ◽  
Mihai Gheorghe Netea
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Trained Immunity ◽  
Health And Disease

Immunological memory is classically attributed to adaptive immune responses, but recent studies have shown that challenged innate immune cells can display long-term functional changes that increase nonspecific responsiveness to subsequent infections. This phenomenon, coined <i>trained immunity</i> or <i>innate immune memory</i>, is based on the epigenetic reprogramming and the rewiring of intracellular metabolic pathways. Here, we review the different metabolic pathways that are modulated in trained immunity. Glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid, and lipid metabolism are interplaying pathways that are crucial for the establishment of innate immune memory. Unraveling this metabolic wiring allows for a better understanding of innate immune contribution to health and disease. These insights may open avenues for the development of future therapies that aim to harness or dampen the power of the innate immune response.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Reproduction

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Giovanna Di Emidio ◽  
Stefano Falone ◽  
Paolo Giovanni Artini ◽  
Fernanda Amicarelli ◽  
Anna Maria D’Alessandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunctions ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
The Relationship

Mitochondria act as hubs of numerous metabolic pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunctions contribute to altering the redox balance and predispose to aging and metabolic alterations. The sirtuin family is composed of seven members and three of them, SIRT3-5, are housed in mitochondria. They catalyze NAD+-dependent deacylation and the ADP-ribosylation of mitochondrial proteins, thereby modulating gene expression and activities of enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism and stress responses. In this context, mitochondrial sirtuins (mtSIRTs) act in synergistic or antagonistic manners to protect from aging and aging-related metabolic abnormalities. In this review, we focus on the role of mtSIRTs in the biological competence of reproductive cells, organs, and embryos. Most studies are focused on SIRT3 in female reproduction, providing evidence that SIRT3 improves the competence of oocytes in humans and animal models. Moreover, SIRT3 protects oocytes, early embryos, and ovaries against stress conditions. The relationship between derangement of SIRT3 signaling and the imbalance of ROS and antioxidant defenses in testes has also been demonstrated. Very little is known about SIRT4 and SIRT5 functions in the reproductive system. The final goal of this work is to understand whether sirtuin-based signaling may be taken into account as potential targets for therapeutic applications in female and male infertility.

scholarly journals The role of pH in the melanin biosynthesis pathway.

1982 ◽  
Vol 257 (15) ◽  
pp. 8738-8744
Author(s):  
F G Cánovas ◽  
F García-Carmona ◽  
J V Sánchez ◽  
J L Pastor ◽  
J A Teruel
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Melanin Biosynthesis

scholarly journals The Pleiotropic Function of Human Sirtuins as Modulators of Metabolic Pathways and Viral Infections

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hamed Alqarni ◽  
Ahmed Ibrahim Foudah ◽  
Magdy Mohamed Muharram ◽  
Nikolaos E. Labrou
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Natural Polyphenol ◽  
Antiviral Targets

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylases that incorporate complex functions in the mechanisms of cell physiology. Mammals have seven distinct members of the SIRT family (SIRT1-7), which play an important role in a well-maintained network of metabolic pathways that control and adapt the cell to the environment, energy availability and cellular stress. Until recently, very few studies investigated the role of SIRTs in modulating viral infection and progeny. Recent studies have demonstrated that SIRT1 and SIRT2 are promising antiviral targets because of their specific connection to numerous metabolic and regulatory processes affected during infection. In the present review, we summarize some of the recent progress in SIRTs biochemistry and their emerging function as antiviral targets. We also discuss the potential of natural polyphenol-based SIRT modulators to control their functional roles in several diseases including viral infections.

scholarly journals Resveratrol Biosynthesis in Hairy Root Cultures of Tan and Purple Seed Coat Peanuts

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 975
Author(s):  
Ye-Eun Park ◽  
Chang-Ha Park ◽  
Hyeon-Ji Yeo ◽  
Yong-Suk Chung ◽  
Sang-Un Park
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Seedling Roots

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is a crop that can produce resveratrol, a compound with various biological properties, such as those that exert antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, trans-resveratrol was detected in the roots, leaves, and stems of tan and purple seed coat peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) cultivated in a growth chamber. Both cultivars showed higher levels of resveratrol in the roots than the other plant parts. Thus, both cultivars were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, in vitro, to promote hairy root development, thereby producing enhanced levels of t-resveratrol. After 1 month of culture, hairy roots from the two cultivars showed higher levels of fresh weight than those of seedling roots. Furthermore, both cultivars contained higher t-resveratrol levels than those of their seedling roots (6.88 ± 0.21 mg/g and 28.07 ± 0.46 mg/g, respectively); however, purple seed coat peanut hairy roots contained higher t-resveratrol levels than those of tan seed coat peanut hairy roots, ranging from 70.16 to 166.76 mg/g and from 46.61 to 54.31 mg/g, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that peanut hairy roots could be a good source for t-resveratrol production due to their rapid growth, high biomass, and substantial amount of resveratrol.

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