scholarly journals Predicting maximal oxygen uptake from a 3-minute progressive knee-ups and step test

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10831
Author(s):  
Yu-Chun Chung ◽  
Ching-Yu Huang ◽  
Huey-June Wu ◽  
Nai-Wen Kan ◽  
Chin-Shan Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Fitness Assessment ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Health Related

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment is crucial for diagnosing health risks and assessing interventions. Direct measurement of maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2 max) yields more objective and accurate results, but it is practical only in a laboratory setting. We therefore investigated whether a 3-min progressive knee-up and step (3MPKS) test can be used to estimate peak oxygen uptake in these settings. Method The data of 166 healthy adult participants were analyzed. We conducted a V̇O2 max test and a subsequent 3MPKS exercise test, in a balanced order, a week later. In a multivariate regression model, sex; age; relative V̇O2 max; body mass index (BMI); body fat percentage (BF); resting heart rate (HR0); and heart rates at the beginning as well as at the first, second, third, and fourth minutes (denoted by HR0, HR1, HR2, HR3, and HR4, respectively) during a step test were used as predictors. Moreover, R2 and standard error of estimate (SEE) were used to evaluate the accuracy of various body composition models in predicting V̇O2max. Results The predicted and actual V̇O2 max values were significantly correlated (BF% model: R2 = 0.624, SEE = 4.982; BMI model: R2 = 0.567, SEE = 5.153). The BF% model yielded more accurate predictions, and the model predictors were sex, age, BF%, HR0, ΔHR3−HR0, and ΔHR3−HR4. Conclusion In our study, involving Taiwanese adults, we constructed and verified a model to predict V̇O2 max, which indicates cardiorespiratory fitness. This model had the predictors sex, age, body composition, and heart rate changes during a step test. Our 3MPKS test has the potential to be widely used in epidemiological research to measure V̇O2 max and other health-related parameters.

A low-calorie diet with or without interval exercise training improves adiposopathy in obese women

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Gilbertson ◽  
Natalie Z.M. Eichner ◽  
Emily M. Heiston ◽  
Julian M. Gaitán ◽  
Monique E. Francois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet

The objective of this study was to test if a low-calorie diet plus interval exercise (LCD+INT) improves adiposopathy, an endocrine dysfunction, when compared with an energy-deficit–matched LCD in obese women. Subjects (age: 48.2 ± 2.4 years, body mass index: 37.8 ± 1.3 kg/m2) were randomized to a 13-day LCD (n = 12; mixed meals of ∼1200 kcal/day) or LCD+INT (n = 12; 12 sessions of 60 min/day alternating 3 min at 50% and 90% peak heart rate). Exercise was estimated to expend 350 kcal per oxygen uptake–heart rate regression analysis and individuals were refed calories expended to match energy availability between groups. Absolute (post – pre caloric intake) and relative (total daily and exercise energy expenditure relative to calorie intake) energy deficits were calculated. Fitness (peak oxygen uptake) and body composition (BodPod; Cosmed USA Inc.) were measured and a 120-min, 75g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at pre- and post-intervention to assess adiposopathy (i.e., ratio of high molecular weight–adiponectin to leptin) and estimate insulin sensitivity. LCD and LCD+INT had similar absolute (P = 0.55) and relative (P = 0.76) energy deficits. LCD and LCD+INT had similar reductions in fat mass (both P < 0.001), despite LCD inducing greater weight loss (P = 0.02) than LCD+INT. Both treatments improved adiposopathy (P = 0.003) and peripheral insulin sensitivity (P = 0.02). Absolute energy deficit correlated to improved adiposopathy (r = –0.41, P = 0.05), and absolute and relative energy deficits were associated with increased insulin sensitivity (r = –0.47, P = 0.02; and r = –0.40, P = 0.05, respectively), independent of body composition changes and increased peak oxygen uptake. Taken together, LCD, with or without INT, improves adiposopathy in relation to insulin sensitivity in obese women, suggesting that a short-term energy deficit is key for reducing risk of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Effects of Parkour Training on Health-Related Physical Fitness in Male Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dvorak ◽  
Neil Eves ◽  
Vaclav Bunc ◽  
Jiri Balas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Running Speed

Background:Many children become less active as they age which increases their risk of developing of chronic conditions. Traditional forms of physical activity may not be optimal for them. There is a need for more attractive form of training to try and increase physical activity levels and improve the fitness of children. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of performing parkour training on measures of cardiorespiratory fitness, strength and body composition in adolescents.Methods:Using a single-group design, 12 males (age 16 ± 2 yr, weight = 69 ± 12 kg, height = 177 ± 7 cm) took part in a controlled indoor parkour intervention 2 days/week for 10 weeks. Participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), strength testing and body composition assessment before and after the exercise intervention.Results:Peak oxygen uptake (O2peak) significantly increased from 50.0 ± 4.9 ml·min-1·kg-1to 52.5 ± 4.3 ml·min-1·kg-1. Oxygen uptake at a standardized submaximal (10 km·h-1) running speed (O210km/h) significantly decreased from 37.7 ± 1.6 ml·min-1·kg-1to 36.7 ± 1.9 ml·min-1·kg-1. Oxygen uptake at anaerobic treshold (O2@AT) significantly increased from 38.4 ± 4.3 ml·min-1·kg-1to 40.5 ± 3.9 ml·min-1·kg-1, heart rate at anaerobic treshold (HR@AT) and running speed at anaerobic threshold. We also found a significant increase in standing broad jump from 234 ± 29 cm to 251 ± 23 cm and bent arm hang from 34 ± 24 s to 37 ± 24 s.Conclusion:Parkour training is an effective intervention to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and strength in adolescent males. Parkour is a viable form of physical activity to improve the health and fitness of children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Walk/Run Performance and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents Who Are Overweight

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1889-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Drinkard ◽  
Jennifer McDuffie ◽  
Serena McCann ◽  
Gabriel I Uwaifo ◽  
Jennifer Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Ergometry Test ◽  
Minute Walk

Abstract Background and Purpose. Little is known about the methods used to assess the physical fitness of adolescents who are overweight. We investigated the relationship between walk/run performance and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents who are overweight. Subjects. Eight African-American adolescents (5 female, 3 male) and 10 Caucasian adolescents (5 female, 5 male) who were overweight (mean age=14.5 years, SD=2.0, range=12–17; mean body mass index [BMI]=42.9 kg/m2, SD=11.5) participated in this study. Methods. Subjects performed a 12-minute walk/run test. The distances traveled at both 9 minutes (D9) and 12 minutes (D12) were recorded, and the distance traveled between 9 and 12 minutes (D9–12) was calculated. Subjects also completed a maximal cycle ergometry test, during which peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), peak power (Wpeak), and power at the anaerobic threshold (Wat) were determined. Body composition was determined by air displacement plethysmography. Results. The mean percentage of body fat was 48.6% (SD=5.3%, range=40.3%–60.4%). Percentage of body fat and BMI were each inversely related to D9, D12, and V̇o2peak (all P&lt;.005). Peak oxygen uptake (r=.72, P=.0001), V̇o2peak/kg lean body mass (r=.60, P&lt;.005), Wpeak (r=.88, P&lt;.0001), and Wat (r=.72, P=.0007) were all related to D12, with greater r values than for D9. If D9–12was included in regression analyses, D9 did not account for additional variance in any of the cycle ergometry variables. Discussion and Conclusion. These results suggest that an easily obtained measurement of physical performance (distance traveled during a 12-minute walk/run test) is related to cardiorespiratory fitness and to body composition in adolescents who are overweight. The 12-minute walk/run distance is more predictive of cycle ergometry test results than the 9-minute distance.

Salivary Cortisol, Heart Rate, and Blood Lactate Responses During Elite Downhill Mountain Bike Racing

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy Sperlich ◽  
Silvia Achtzehn ◽  
Mirijam Buhr ◽  
Christoph Zinner ◽  
Stefan Zelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Absolute Time

Purpose:This study aimed to quantify the intensity profile of elite downhill mountain bike races during competitions.Methods:Seventeen male downhill racers (22 ± 5 y; 185.1 ± 5.3 cm; 68.0 ± 3.9 kg; VO2peak: 59.4 ± 4.1 mL·min·kg−1) participated in the International German Downhill Championships in 2010. The racers’ peak oxygen uptake and heart rate (HR) at 2 and 4 mmol·L−1 blood lactate (HR2 and HR4), were assessed during an incremental laboratory step test (100 W, increase 40 W every 5 min). During the races, the HR was recorded and pre- and postrace blood lactate concentrations as well as salivary cortisol levels were obtained.Results:During the race, the absolute time spent in the “easy” intensity zone was 23.3 ± 6.8 s, 24.2 ± 12.8 s (HR2–HR4) in the “moderate” zone, and 151.6 ± 18.3 s (>HR4) in the “hard” zone. Eighty percent of the entire race was accomplished at intensities >90% HRpeak. Blood lactate concentrations postrace were higher than those obtained after the qualification heat (8.0 ± 2.5 mmol·L−1 vs 6.7 ± 1.8 mmol·L−1, P < .01). Salivary levels of cortisol before the competition and the qualification heat were twice as high as at resting state (P < .01).Conclusions:This study shows that mountain bike downhill races are conducted at high heart rates and levels of blood lactate as well as increased concentration of salivary cortisol as marker for psycho-physiological stress.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of exercise at workplace in physical fitness: uncontrolled randomized study

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio José Grande ◽  
Valter Silva ◽  
Sérgio Alencar Parra
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Employee Health ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Academic Organizations ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Intent To Treat ◽  
Treat Analysis

Objective : To investigate the effectiveness of workplace exercise for employee health by means of health-related physical activity components. Methods : A randomized uncontrolled study with 20 workers was carried out during three months to evaluate a workplace exercise program. The selected outcomes were flexibility, body mass, fat percentage, lean mass, blood pressure, and heart rate. For statistical analysis, the paired t test and the intent-to-treat analysis were used. Results : There was a significant increase in weight, fat percentage, blood pressure, and heart rate. However the clinical significance was 10% in the size of the effect. Conclusion : The changes verified in the outcomes analyzed were not significant; the variables are within normality ranges proposed by academic organizations

Alcohol consumption and cardiorespiratory fitness in five population-based studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian E Baumeister ◽  
Jonas D Finger ◽  
Sven Gläser ◽  
Marcus Dörr ◽  
Marcello RP Markus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
P Value ◽  
Independent Population ◽  
Average Alcohol

Background Poor cardiorespiratory fitness is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity. Alcohol consumption contributes substantially to the burden of disease, but its association with cardiorespiratory fitness is not well described. We examined associations between average alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking and cardiorespiratory fitness. Design The design of this study was as a cross-sectional population-based random sample. Methods We analysed data from five independent population-based studies (Study of Health in Pomerania (2008–2012); German Health Interview and Examination Survey (2008–2011); US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2000; NHANES 2001–2002; NHANES 2003–2004) including 7358 men and women aged 20–85 years, free of lung disease or asthma. Cardiorespiratory fitness, quantified by peak oxygen uptake, was assessed using exercise testing. Information regarding average alcohol consumption (ethanol in grams per day (g/d)) and heavy episodic drinking (5+ or 6+ drinks/occasion) was obtained from self-reports. Fractional polynomial regression models were used to determine the best-fitting dose-response relationship. Results Average alcohol consumption displayed an inverted U-type relation with peak oxygen uptake ( p-value<0.0001), after adjustment for age, sex, education, smoking and physical activity. Compared to individuals consuming 10 g/d (moderate consumption), current abstainers and individuals consuming 50 and 60 g/d had significantly lower peak oxygen uptake values (ml/kg/min) (β coefficients = −1.90, β = −0.06, β = −0.31, respectively). Heavy episodic drinking was not associated with peak oxygen uptake. Conclusions Across multiple adult population-based samples, moderate drinkers displayed better fitness than current abstainers and individuals with higher average alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Body Composition of Children in the Pre-pubertal and Early-pubertal Period: Are There Some Age-related and Intersexual Differences?

GYMNASIUM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol XIX (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Pavol Čech ◽  
Pavel Ružbarský ◽  
Ľubomír Paučír ◽  
Dalibor Dzugas
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Wallis Anova ◽  
Vega 1

The aim of the presented study was to assess changes in body composition and intersexual differences among children at pre-pubertal and early-pubertal age. The research was designed as a non-randomized cross-section study. The screened sample consisted of 136 girls and 212 boys assigned into three groups according to their age. Body composition was measured using a direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (DSM-BIA). To examine the association between obesity and selected health-related parameters, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Eta2 were used. For evaluation of intersexual differences, Mann-Whitney U-test was used. The presented article is the part of VEGA 1/0840/17 project. From the perspective of age, neither in the group of girls nor boys we recorded any differences in indicators of body composition, namely in body fat mass index, body fat percentage and, in addition, in the group of girls in the waist to hip ratio parameter.

Verification phase as a useful tool in the determination of the maximal oxygen uptake of distance runners

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian W. Midgley ◽  
Lars R. McNaughton ◽  
Sean Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Volitional Exhaustion

This study investigated the utility of a verification phase for increasing confidence that a “true” maximal oxygen uptake had been elicited in 16 male distance runners (mean age (±SD), 38.7  (± 7.5 y)) during an incremental treadmill running test continued to volitional exhaustion. After the incremental test subjects performed a 10 min recovery walk and a verification phase performed to volitional exhaustion at a running speed 0.5 km·h–1 higher than that attained during the last completed stage of the incremental phase. Verification criteria were a verification phase peak oxygen uptake ≤ 2% higher than the incremental phase value and peak heart rate values within 2 beats·min–1 of each other. Of the 32 tests, 26 satisfied the oxygen uptake verification criterion and 23 satisfied the heart rate verification criterion. Peak heart rate was lower (p = 0.001) during the verification phase than during the incremental phase, suggesting that the verification protocol was inadequate in eliciting maximal values in some runners. This was further supported by the fact that 7 tests exhibited peak oxygen uptake values over 100 mL·min–1 (≥ 3%) lower than the peak values attained in the incremental phase. Further research is required to improve the verification procedure before its utility can be confirmed.

Do stair climbing exercise “snacks” improve cardiorespiratory fitness?

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Madison Jenkins ◽  
Leah N. Nairn ◽  
Lauren E. Skelly ◽  
Jonathan P. Little ◽  
Martin J. Gibala
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
The Absolute

We investigated the effect of stair climbing exercise “snacks” on peak oxygen uptake. Sedentary young adults were randomly assigned to perform 3 bouts/day of vigorously ascending a 3-flight stairwell (60 steps), separated by 1–4 h of recovery, 3 days/week for 6 weeks, or a nontraining control group (n = 12 each). Peak oxygen uptake was higher in the climbers after the intervention (P = 0.003), suggesting that stair climbing “snacks” are effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness, although the absolute increase was modest.

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