scholarly journals Muscle strength and inflammatory response to the training load in rowers

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10355
Author(s):  
Tomasz Podgórski ◽  
Alicja Nowak ◽  
Katarzyna Domaszewska ◽  
Jacek Mączyński ◽  
Magdalena Jabłońska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Global Force ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
The Right

Background Regular exercise leads to changes in muscle metabolism. The consequence of this is the adaptation to higher training loads.The aim of this study was to evaluate biomechanical and biochemical parameters describing the functions of skeletal muscles in periods when changes in training forms were introduced. Methods Seventeen male sweep-oar rowers, members of the Polish national rowing team, participated. The study was carried out at the beginning and at the end of the preparatory period. In the first and second examination measurements of torques of selected muscle groups and blood biochemical analysis were performed. Results There was observed a statistically significant decrease in the relative global force of the right lower limb between both terms of examination. A statistically significant increase in maximum torque was found for torso flexors. In the case of muscles responsible for torso rotation, a statistically significant decrease in the torque values of right torso rotators was observed. A significant difference was found with respect to creatine kinase activity, total testosterone concentration, total testosterone to cortisol ratio and total phenolics concentration (p < 0.05). Conclusion The study shows that the rowers’ training should be more focused on building the strength of lower limbs to prevent the overload of lumbar spine and that the amount of force developed may be significantly affected by the antioxidant potential of rowers.

scholarly journals Isokinetic Profile of Elite Serbian Female Judoists

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6988
Author(s):  
Wieslaw Blach ◽  
Miodrag Drapsin ◽  
Nemanja Lakicevic ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
Tamara Gavrilovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Lateral Asymmetry ◽  
National Team ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Training Modalities ◽  
Knee Flexors

Elite judo athletes undergo vigorous training to achieve outstanding results. In pursuit of achieving competitive success, the occurrence of injuries amongst judo athletes is not rare. The study aimed to perform a knee flexors and extensors isokinetic torque analysis in elite female judo athletes. Fifty-eight elite female judo athletes of the Serbian national team (21.02 ± 3.11 years; 62.36 ± 11.91 kg, 165.04 ± 10.24 cm, training experience 12.72 ± 2.98 years) volunteered to participate in this study. The range of motion (ROM) was set at 90⁰. Testing was performed in a concentric–concentric mode for the testing speed of 60 ⁰/s. Five maximal voluntary contractions of knee extensors and knee flexors muscle groups were measured for both legs. The obtained data showed a statistically significant difference in absolute torque values among different categories as heavier athletes demonstrated higher values. Post hoc analysis showed a significant difference between weight categories, as heavier athletes demonstrated higher values, while no significant differences in normalized torque values for different weight categories were observed. The implementation of new elements and training modalities may improve performance and prevent lateral asymmetry, thus reducing the risk of injury.

Differences Between Upper and Lower Limbs in Venous Endothelial Reactivity in Humans

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
O. Bailliart ◽  
L. Boudaoud ◽  
Ph. Bonnin ◽  
C. Bal Dit Sollier ◽  
J. Roussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Cell Recovery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cell Release ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pai 1

Objective: To determine the variability of endothelial reactivity to venostasis in the upper and lower limbs of healthy subjects. Participants: Ten healthy volunteers were investigated twice, at an interval of 1-week. Main outcome measures: Plasma concentrations of substances released from endothelial cells were determined in each limb after 10 min of venostasis in a sequential manner. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibiting factor (PAI-1), thrombin–antithrombin complexes (TAT) and D-dimers (D-Di) were used as indicators of the thrombotic process and its reactions; angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and endothelin-1 (ET1) were related to endothelial cell activity involved in vascular tone regulation. Results: No difference was observed in endothelial cell recovery following venostasis after an interval of 1 week. A significant difference in endothelial cell release was found between the upper and lower limbs and between the right and left legs. Conclusions: Excellent reproducibility of measurements was observed. In keeping with the higher frequency of venous thrombosis in the lower limbs, the left leg seemed to be less reactive after venostasis, and the endothelium was more reactive in the upper than in the lower limbs.

scholarly journals Neuromyelitis Optica in a Nepalese Man

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Yogesh Subedi ◽  
Utsav Joshi ◽  
Sanjeeb Sudarshan Bhandari ◽  
Ashbina Pokharel ◽  
Ashbita Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Hyperintense Signal ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Right

Background. Neuromyelitis optica is a severely disabling inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system of autoimmune etiology that mainly affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. Here, we present a case report detailing a patient with tingling and weakness of right upper and lower limbs who was neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G-positive. Case Presentation. A 46-year-old Nepalese man presented to the hospital with a history of tingling and weakness of right upper and lower limbs that developed over a period of two months. Clinical evaluation showed diminished power across all major muscle groups in the right upper and lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging of his cervical spine showed T1 iso- to hypointense signal and T2 hyperintense signal in central cervical spinal cord from first to sixth cervical level, probably suggestive of myelitis or demyelination. The patient was immediately started on intravenous methylprednisolone. The diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica was later confirmed with strongly positive neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G. Conclusion. In resource limited setting, in the absence of tests for neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G, treatment was started and the patient’s condition started to get better. Hence, early initiation of aggressive immunosuppressive treatment is essential in such cases.

scholarly journals Thermal Imaging Following Exercise in Working Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calan M. Farley ◽  
Patricia Kaynaroglu ◽  
Donna Magness ◽  
Ronald J. Riegel ◽  
Cynthia M. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Right

Disaster search dogs traverse diverse and unstable surfaces found in collapsed buildings. It is unknown if the physical conditioning on a treadmill involves the same muscle groups that are involved in rubble search. This 14-week prospective cohort study was conducted to investigate changes within the thermal gradients of specific dog muscles following treadmill compared to rubble search. Nine dogs, ranging in age from 6 months to 4 years, were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Each week the two groups would participate in either 20 min of treadmill or rubble searches. Prior to exercise, the dogs were weighed and then kenneled in a temperature-controlled study room for 20 min at 21°C. Pre-exercise thermal images were then captured of the standing dog from the dorsal, left and right lateral, and caudal perspectives, and of the sitting dog from the rostral perspective. Following a 10-min warm-up period of stretches, dogs proceeded to either treadmill or search. Upon completion, dogs were kenneled in the study room for 20 min prior to post-exercise thermal images. Images were sectioned into 22 muscle regions, the pre-exercise images were subtracted from the post-exercise images to determine the temperature difference (ΔT) for that dog, on that day, for that activity. Thermography measures radiant energy, temperature, and converts this information into an image. This study looked at ΔT within a region pre and post-exercise. The study failed to find a statistically significant difference in the ΔT within each muscle group between treadmill and search activities. There was a decrease in ΔT within all muscle regions over the of the study except for the right cranial shoulder, right caudal shoulder, and right hamstring for the treadmill activity only. The decrease was significant in the pelvis, left longissimus, right cranial shoulder for the search activity, left oblique, left caudal shoulder, and left quadricep muscular regions. These findings suggest that ΔT in muscle groups are similar between treadmill exercise and rubble search. Regardless of the exercise type, 14 weeks of structured Search and Rescue training and treadmill exercise resulted in less ΔT associated with a structured weekly exercise.

scholarly journals Muscle Activity Asymmetry of the Lower Limbs During Sprinting in Elite Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Przemysław Pietraszewski ◽  
Artur Gołaś ◽  
Aleksander Matusiński ◽  
Sylwia Mrzygłód ◽  
Aleksandra Mostowik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lh Rh

Abstract The analysis of movement patterns through EMG activity provides the opportunity to identify the muscle groups most involved in a particular exercise, and to determine the scope of inter-limb deficiencies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a side-to-side muscle activity asymmetry between the left and the right lower limb during sprinting in soccer players. Sixteen professional soccer players took part in the study. Their age, body mass and body height equaled 23.7 ± 7.6 years, 81.2 ± 10.8 kg and 179.3 ± 12.2 cm, respectively. The sprint test consisted of two maximal sprints over 30 m with a 5-min rest interval between each sprint. EMG was recorded bilaterally from the quadriceps, hamstrings and gluteal muscles. Regression analysis revealed a significant effect of a side-to-side average muscle activity asymmetry between the left and right hamstring (LH/RH) muscles during the speed tests at 5 m (p = 0.044), and 30 m (p = 0.045), as well as the left and right glutes (LG/RG) at 5 m (p = 0.044) and 30 m (p = 0.043). Our results indicate that hamstring and glute muscles should be selectively and additionally activated during resistance training in soccer players to prevent injuries and improve sprint performance.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Assessment of the Strength of Volleyball Players in Different Stages of the Training Macrocycle

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Marcin Śliwa ◽  
Tomasz Sacewicz
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Lower Velocity ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Strength Capacity ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction. In order to help volleyball players achieve superior results, their coaches are constantly seeking new training methods. One of the methods used to improve the effectiveness of the training that is being implemented is conducting tests which make it possible to assess the player’s locomotor system in terms of its motor and biomechanical functions. The aim of the study was to determine the torque of the knee flexor and extensor muscles of volleyball players in three stages of the annual macrocycle. Material and methods. The study involved 14 volleyball players. Torque was assessed using the BIODEX System 4 Pro at the angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s, in three periods of the annual training macrocycle. Results. After the preparatory training period, there was a statistically significant increase in the torque of the flexor and extensor muscles of the lower limbs, both for the lower velocity (p ≤ 0.02 for the right limb and p ≤ 0.024 for the left limb) and the higher one (p ≤ 0.03 for the right limb and p ≤ 0.034 for the left limb). After the preliminary round, statistically insignificant changes were found for the torque values obtained at both velocities. Conclusions. The study showed that frequent monitoring of players can help assess their strength capacity in a more reliable way. The results of such measurements carried out in different periods of the volleyball season can help evaluate the players’ strength at a given moment, verify and modify the training methods which are being used, and approach each player individually.

scholarly journals Occurrence of asymmetries of lower limbs in basic futsal athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 05-29
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Dias Junior ◽  
Fransérgio da Silva ◽  
Murilo Colino Tancler
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Basic Category ◽  
Locomotor Apparatus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gluteus Muscle ◽  
Medial Rotation ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Impact Sport ◽  
Dynamic Angle

Futsal is a sport on the rise worldwide, attracting more and more new practitioners and as well as in field soccer, it has undergone changes in recent years, increasingly demanding athletes, becoming a high impact sport, promoting overload, in the short, medium and long term, predisposing to injury to different degrees of the locomotor apparatus. The aim of this study was to analyze lower limbs asymmetries in futsal-based athletes, as well as their relationship to the incidence of injuries. The study was developed with 47 athletes of the basic category, futsal, from a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo, where functional tests were performed with the help of the PHAST application. A pattern of similarity was identified between the muscle groups tested, except for the gluteus muscle, presenting a significant difference. According to the indicators found, the patterns of strength deficit of the middle glutes may trigger, or predispose to, some types of biomechanical lesions whether proximal, in the hip region, or distal, as dysfunctions in the knee joint. When an athlete presents with a weakness of this muscle, ipsilateral femur adduction, increased medial rotation and fall of the pelvis against lateral, promoting increased dynamic angle of the knee, increasing the overload in this joint. Thus, it is concluded that pre-season evaluation is important to identify possible asymmetries, implementing preventive work to correct them, in order to minimize the risks of injuries.

Effects of Self-Massage Using a Foam Roller on Ankle Range of Motion and Gastrocnemius Fascicle Length and Muscle Hardness: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1171-1178
Author(s):  
Akane Yoshimura ◽  
Robert Schleip ◽  
Norikazu Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Muscle Hardness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

Context: Several studies have reported that self-massage using a foam roller (FR) increased joint range of motion (ROM) immediately. However, the mechanism of increasing ROM by the FR intervention has not been elucidated. Objective: To clarify the mechanism by investigating properties and morphological changes of muscles targeted by the FR intervention. Design: An interventional study. Setting: An athletic training laboratory. Participants: Ten male college volunteers with no injuries in their lower limbs (mean [SD]: age 23.8 [3.2] y, height 173.2 [4.9] cm, weight 69.5 [8.6] kg). Intervention: The FR intervention on the right plantar flexors for 3 minutes. Main Outcome Measures: Maximum ankle ROM, muscle hardness, and fascicle length of the gastrocnemius muscle at the neutral (0°), maximum dorsiflexion, and maximum plantar flexion positions. All measurements were conducted before (PRE) and after (POST) the FR intervention. Results: Dorsiflexion ROM increased significantly at POST (PRE: 13.6° [8.0°], POST: 16.6° [8.4°]; P < .001), although plantar flexion ROM did not change significantly between PRE and POST (PRE: 40.0° [6.1°], POST: 41.1° [4.9°]). There was no significant difference in muscle hardness and fascicle length between PRE and POST in any of the angles. Conclusions: Dorsiflexion ROM increased significantly by the FR intervention in the present study; however, muscle hardness and fascicle length did not change. FR may affect not only the muscle but also the fascia, tendon, and muscle-tendon unit. The FR protocol of the present study can be applied in clinical situations, because it was found to be effective to increase ROM.

scholarly journals Posture in dentists: Sitting vs. standing positions during dentistry work - an EMG study

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Pejcic ◽  
Milica Djuric-Jovicic ◽  
Nadica Miljkovic ◽  
Dejan Popovic ◽  
Vanja Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
Working Postures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Splenius Capitis ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electromyography Signals

Introduction. Adequate working posture is important for overall health. Inappropriate posture may increase fatigue, decrease efficiency, and eventually lead to injuries. Objective. The purpose was to examine posture positions used during dentistry work. Methods. In order to quantify different posture positions, we recorded muscle activity and positions of body segments. The position (inclination) data of the back was used to assess two postures: sitting and standing during standard dental interventions. Results. During standard interventions, whether sitting or standing, a tilt of less than 20 degrees was most prevalent in the forward and lateral flexion directions. Amplitude of electromyography signals corresponding to the level of muscle activity were higher in sitting compared with the electromyography in standing position for all muscle groups on the left and right side of the body. Significant difference between muscle activity in two working postures was evident in splenius capitis muscle on the left (p = 0.032), on the right side of the body (p = 0.049) and in muscle activity of mastoid muscle on the left side (p = 0.029). Conclusion. These findings show that risk for increased fatigue and possible injures can be reduced by combining the sitting and standing occupational postures.

scholarly journals The Dilemma of the Physician, Going Back to The Clinician, Back to Basics

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Exam ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Noncontrast Computed Tomography ◽  
The Right

Background: Technology has allowed the scientific side of medicine to evolve more rapidly causing the “modern” physicians to greatly rely on laboratory values and imaging studies thereby leading to the loss of clinician abilities and skills. Case: A 52-year-old female with multiple cardiovascular co-morbidities including ischemic heart disease, presented to the emergency department in the morning with diffuse body pain associated with malaise, numbness and paresthesias of the right upper and lower extremity. This was followed by an “out of body” sensation. She then experienced transient sharp left-sided chest discomfort described as moderate to severe in intensity with a duration of approximately 2 minutes slowly subsiding on its own. Subsequently, she reported difficulty lifting the right hand and leg as well as slurred speech. The strength in her limbs returned within the hour but numbness and paresthesias persisted and continued to bother her. At the time of presentation, she was hypertensive but no other abnormalities were found on the physical examination. An elevated troponin level was noted but acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was unsuspected in the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). A noncontrast computed tomography (CT) of the head was unremarkable. A subsequent 12-lead ECG revealed new T wave inversions in the lateral leads. This provoked a repeat neurological exam in greater detail, and there was objective weakness of the distal muscle groups of the right upper and lower limbs. The NIH score was now 6 (prior was 0). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the following day showed an acute infarct of the left internal capsule. Approximately 72 hours after the initial presentation, the patient remarkably improved and was planned for discharge by the 5th admission day. Conclusion: Clinical skills are crucial in the technological era; it could definitely prevent mistakes or time matter diagnosis. Hence, a reason why in times of dilemma, a return to the basics promoting these skills will always be helpful.

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