scholarly journals Biomechanics of lower limb in badminton lunge: a systematic scoping review

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10300
Author(s):  
Wing-Kai Lam ◽  
Duo Wai-Chi Wong ◽  
Winson Chiu-Chun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Comfort Perception ◽  
Impact Attenuation ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Movement Mechanics

Background Badminton is a popular sport activity in both recreational and elite levels. A lot of biomechanical studies have investigated badminton lunge, since good lunge performance may increase the chances to win the game. This review summarized the current trends, research methods, and parameters-of-interest concerning lower-extremity biomechanics in badminton lunges. Methodology Databases including Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed were searched from the oldest available date to September 2020. Two independent authors screened all the articles and 20 articles were eligible for further review. The reviewed articles compared the differences among playing levels, footwear designs, and lunge directions/variations, using parameters including ground reaction forces, plantar pressure distribution, kinematics, and kinetics. Results Elite badminton players demonstrated higher impact attenuation capability, more aggressive knee and ankle strategy (higher mechanical moment), and higher medial plantar load than amateur players. Footwear modifications can influence comfort perception and movement mechanics, but it remains inconclusive regarding how these may link with lunging performance. Contradicting findings in kinematics is possibly due to the variations in lunge and instructions. Conclusions Playing levels and shoe designs have significant effects on biomechanics in badminton lunges. Future studies can consider to use an unanticipated testing protocol and realistic movement intensity. They can study the inter-limb coordination as well as the contributions and interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to injury risk. Furthermore, current findings can stimulate further research studying whether some specific footwear materials with structural design could potentially compromise impact attenuation, proprioception, and performance.

scholarly journals Mechanics, energetics and implementation of grounded running technique: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000963
Author(s):  
Sheeba Davis ◽  
Aaron Fox ◽  
Jason Bonacci ◽  
Fiddy Davis
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Duty Factor ◽  
Vertical Oscillation ◽  
Leg Stiffness ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Impact Attenuation ◽  
Acute Increase ◽  
Recreational Runners

Grounded running predominantly differs from traditional aerial running by having alternating single and double stance with no flight phase. Approximately, 16% of runners in an open marathon and 33% of recreational runners in a 5 km running event adopted a grounded running technique. Grounded running typically occurs at a speed range of 2–3 m·s−1, is characterised by a larger duty factor, reduced vertical leg stiffness, lower vertical oscillation of the centre of mass (COM) and greater impact attenuation than aerial running. Grounded running typically induces an acute increase in metabolic cost, likely due to the larger duty factor. The increased duty factor may translate to a more stable locomotion. The reduced vertical oscillation of COM, attenuated impact shock, and potential for improved postural stability may make grounded running a preferred form of physical exercise in people new to running or with low loading capacities (eg, novice overweight/obese, elderly runners, rehabilitating athletes). Grounded running as a less impactful, but metabolically more challenging form, could benefit these runners to optimise their cardio-metabolic health, while at the same time minimise running-related injury risk. This review discusses the mechanical demands and energetics of grounded running along with recommendations and suggestions to implement this technique in practice.

Trail running injury risk factors: a living systematic review

2022 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2021-104858
Author(s):  
Carel Viljoen ◽  
Dina C (Christa) Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Willem van Mechelen ◽  
Evert Verhagen ◽  
Bruno Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Injury Risk Factors ◽  
Trail Running

ObjectiveTo review and frequently update the available evidence on injury risk factors and epidemiology of injury in trail running.DesignLiving systematic review. Updated searches will be done every 6 months for a minimum period of 5 years.Data sourcesEight electronic databases were searched from inception to 18 March 2021.Eligibility criteriaStudies that investigated injury risk factors and/or reported the epidemiology of injury in trail running.ResultsNineteen eligible studies were included, of which 10 studies investigated injury risk factors among 2 785 participants. Significant intrinsic factors associated with injury are: more running experience, level A runner and higher total propensity to sports accident questionnaire (PAD-22) score. Previous history of cramping and postrace biomarkers of muscle damage is associated with cramping. Younger age and low skin phototypes are associated with sunburn. Significant extrinsic factors associated with injury are neglecting warm-up, no specialised running plan, training on asphalt, double training sessions per day and physical labour occupations. A slower race finishing time is associated with cramping, while more than 3 hours of training per day, shade as the primary mode of sun protection and being single are associated with sunburn. An injury incidence range 0.7–61.2 injuries/1000 hours of running and prevalence range 1.3% to 90% were reported. The lower limb was the most reported region of injury, specifically involving blisters of the foot/toe.ConclusionLimited studies investigated injury risk factors in trail running. Our review found eight intrinsic and nine extrinsic injury risk factors. This review highlighted areas for future research that may aid in designing injury risk management strategies for safer trail running participation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021240832.

scholarly journals Impact of eating disorders on paid or unpaid work participation and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Safi ◽  
Anna M. Aniserowicz ◽  
Heather Colquhoun ◽  
Jill Stier ◽  
Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Eating disorders (ED) can reduce quality of life by limiting participation and performance in social and occupational roles, including paid or unpaid work. The association between ED pathologies and work participation and performance must be well understood to strengthen vocational rehabilitation programmes and prevent occupational disruptions in the ED population. The aims of this study are: (1) to examine the degree of association between ED pathologies and work participation and performance in 15-year-olds and older; (2) to highlight the specific ED symptoms that are most correlated with changes in work performance and participation; (3) to compile the most common metrics and assessments used to measure work participation and performance with ED. Methods Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library will be searched for observational and experimental studies that meet the following criteria: (1) a clinical sample of typical or atypical ED; (2) paid or unpaid employment or training; (3) an association between ED pathologies and work participation or performance. Unpublished data will also be examined. Title and abstract, and full-text screening will be conducted in duplicate. Risk of bias and quality of evidence assessments will be completed. A random-effect meta-analysis will be performed. Discussion This synthesis can clarify knowledge and gaps around the impact of ED on work functioning, thereby allowing better evaluation, improvements and development of current workplace assessments, interventions, and policies. Trial registration The registration number for this systematic review on PROSPERO is CRD42021255055.

Overall survival after perioperative chemotherapy in the management of pulmonary metastasis in osteosarcoma.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23508-e23508
Author(s):  
Zeba Siddiqui ◽  
Megan E Delisle ◽  
Amirrtha Srikanthan ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Metastasectomy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Perioperative Chemotherapy ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Randomized Controlled

e23508 Background: Pulmonary metastasectomy is performed on a select cohort of patients with advanced osteosarcoma with the potential for long term survival. However, evidence on peri-operative chemotherapy at time of metastasectomy is not completely understood and difficult to summarize without a systematic examination of existing literature. The purpose of this project is to perform a meta-analysis of existing studies to determine overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors in adults and children with advanced and recurrent osteosarcoma receiving chemotherapy around time of metastasectomy. Methods: We reviewed survival studies conducted in children and adults with advanced and recurrent osteosarcoma who undergo pulmonary metastasectomy published in English with more than 5 patients. The primary outcome was overall survival. Literature searches were performed in multiple electronic databases including Ovid MEDLINE (1946 to present), Ovid EMBASE (1974 to present), Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Two investigators independently screened all citations, abstracts, and full-text articles. Results: 24 out of 80 observational studies between 1977 to 2018 were included. 2146 patients were studied of which 987 underwent pulmonary metastasectomy for osteosarcoma. 822 patients received perioperative chemotherapy in this setting. No randomized controlled trials were identified. Studies included patients from Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America. The median OS ranged between 20 to 90 months. 5-year OS ranged between 15 to 63%. Factors associated with survival included: age, number of lesions, disease free interval, time of development of metastases, number of lesions and laterality of pulmonary disease. Conclusions: Overall survival in study has a significant range. Factors influencing survival included intrinsic factors such as patient age and disease characteristics, as well as extrinsic factors such as evolution of chemotherapy regimen over the past four decades. The main limitations are related to the inherently low-quality evidence as a result of lack of randomized controlled trials. More comprehensive data is needed to guide shared decision making in this area.

The Effects of Posture and Technique on Forces Experienced When Hanging Continuous Miner Cable

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 779-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Gallagher ◽  
Christopher A. Hamrick ◽  
Mark S. Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Lateral Shear ◽  
Continuous Miner ◽  
Underground Coal Mines ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Resultant Forces

Analysis of lost-time back injuries in underground coal mines indicates that handling continuous miner cable places workers at high risk of injury. Manual hanging of this type of cable is a common lifting task in underground mines. This study was performed to assess the ground reaction forces associated with hanging cable in various postures and employing different methods of securing the cable. Seven experienced coal miners (mean age: 41.4 years ± 2.1) performed a series of 12 cable hanging tasks. Independent variables included a set of six posture/vertical space constraint conditions (LIFTCOND), and two techniques of securing the cable to the ceiling (METHOD). The dependent variables consisted of ground reaction forces measured using two force plates. LIFTCOND ( F5.66 = 21.31, p < 0.0001) and METHOD ( F1,66 = 10.89, p < 0.005) both significantly affected the magnitude of the peak resultant forces generated during the tasks. Post hoc analysis indicated that kneeling postures resulted in significantly lower forces than stooping for the same ceiling heights. Greater forces were associated with higher lifting conditions, attributable in part to the fact that higher lifts require more cable to be hoisted. Forces were also increased when subjects twisted baling wire to secure the cable, as compared to hanging it on a hook. An interaction between LIFTCOND and METHOD was identified with lateral shear forces - stooping conditions where the subjects twisted the cable with wire resulted in higher lateral shear forces. Results of this study will be used to develop recommendations to reduce back injury risk when handling cable.

scholarly journals Return to Sport and Activity after Total Ankle Arthroplasty and Arthrodesis: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0027
Author(s):  
William L. Johns ◽  
Christopher Sowers ◽  
Kempland C. Walley ◽  
J. Ben Jackson ◽  
David B. Thordarson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Ankle Arthrodesis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sports Activity

Category: Ankle Arthritis; Ankle; Other Introduction/Purpose: There is no consensus regarding participation in sports and recreational activities following total ankle replacement (TAR) and ankle arthrodesis (AA). Better understanding on this topic will allow orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons to set evidence-based goals and expectations with their patients in regards to postoperative activity recommendations and quality of life. We aimed to summarize the evidence on return to sport and activity after surgical management with either TAR or AA for ankle osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: A literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases was performed in January 2020. The bibliographies of all relevant publications were searched for further applicable studies. Included studies were required to report sport and activity outcomes in patients undergoing TAR and AA, with primary outcomes being percentage of sport participation and level of sport participation. Excluded studies were non-English and did not assess level of sport activity after TAR or AA. Results: Twelve studies met inclusion criteria for analysis. There were 1,270 ankle procedures, of which 923 TAR and 347 AA were performed. Mean reported patient age was 59.2 years old and mean BMI was 28 kg/m2. Mean follow-up was 43 months. Fifty-four percent of patients were active in sports preoperatively compared to 63.7% postoperatively (Figure 1). Mean preoperative activity participation rate was 41% in the TAR cohort, but improved to 59% after TAR, whereas preoperative activity participation rate of 73% was similar to postoperative rate of 70% in the AA cohort. The most common sports in TAR and AA groups were swimming, hiking, cycling, and skiing. Conclusion: Participation in sports activity is nearly 10% improved after surgical management of ankle OA. The existing literature demonstrated a large improvement in pre-to postoperative activity levels after TAR, with minimal change in activity after AA, however, AA patients were more active at baseline. The most frequent postoperative sports activities after surgical management of ankle OA are: swimming, hiking, cycling, and skiing. Despite preoperative participation in high-impact sports such as tennis, soccer, and running, these were consistently limited after surgery. This review of the literature will equip patients and physicians with the knowledge to appropriately establish realistic expectations for postoperative physical activity and return to sport goals. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Effect of Fatigue on Functional Movement Screening Performance in Dancers

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Armstrong ◽  
Christopher M Brogden ◽  
Debbie Milner ◽  
Debbie Norris ◽  
Matt Greig
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Screening Performance ◽  
Movement Screening ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Deep Squat ◽  
Functional Movement Screening

OBJECTIVE: Dance is associated with a high risk of injury, with fatigue identified as a contributing factor. Functional movement screening (FMS) has been used to identify alterations in normal movement which may contribute to injury risk, though this test is not normally performed in a fatigued state. The aim of this study was to determine whether fatigue induced by the dance aerobic fitness test (DAFT) results in changes in FMS scores with implications for performance and injury risk. METHODS: Forty-one university dancers completed the FMS before and immediately after completion of the DAFT. Rate of perceived exertion and heart rate were quantified as measures of fatigue. RESULTS: Post-DAFT, the mean FMS composite score (15.39±1.86) was significantly less (p≤0.01) than the pre-exercise score (16.83±1.83). Element-specific analysis revealed that the deep squat, non-dominant lunge, and dominant inline lunge scores were all significantly impaired post-DAFT (all p≤0.01). CONCLUSION: The identification of changes in quality of movement in a fatigued state suggests that movement screening should also be performed post-exercise to enhance screening for injury risk. The influence of dance-specific fatigue was FMS element-specific. Specifically, the deep squat and inline lunge were most susceptible to fatigue, with implications for injury risk and performance and reflective of the high level of neuromuscular control required.

Repeated Impacts Diminish the Impact Performance of Equestrian Helmets

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-372
Author(s):  
Carl G. Mattacola ◽  
Carolina Quintana ◽  
Jed Crots ◽  
Kimberly I. Tumlin ◽  
Stephanie Bonin
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Safety Equipment ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Impact Attenuation ◽  
The Impact

Context: During thoroughbred races, jockeys are placed in potentially injurious situations, often with inadequate safety equipment. Jockeys frequently sustain head injuries; therefore, it is important that they wear appropriately certified helmets. Objective: The goals of this study are (1) to perform impact attenuation testing according to ASTM F1163-15 on a sample of equestrian helmets commonly used by jockeys in the United States and (2) to quantify headform acceleration and residual crush after repeat impacts at the same location. Participants and Design: Seven helmet models underwent impact attenuation testing according to ASTM F1163-15. A second sample of each helmet model underwent repeat impacts at the crown location for a total of 4 impacts. Setting: Laboratory. Intervention: Each helmet was impacted against a flat and equestrian hazard anvil. Main Outcome Measures: Headform acceleration was recorded during all impact and computed tomography scans were performed preimpact and after impacts 1 and 4 on the crown to quantify liner thickness. Results: Four helmets had 1 impact that exceeded the limit of 300g. During the repeated crown impacts, acceleration remained below 300g for the first and second impacts for all helmets, while only one helmet remained below 300g for all impacts. Foam liner thickness was reduced between 5% and 39% after the first crown impact and between 33% and 70% after the fourth crown impact. Conclusions: All riders should wear a certified helmet and replace it after sustaining a head impact. Following an impact, expanded polystyrene liners compress, and their ability to attenuate head acceleration during subsequent impacts to the same location is reduced. Replacing an impacted helmet may reduce a rider’s head injury risk.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Accurately Predicts Next Season NHL Player Injury Before It Occurs: Validation of 10,449 Player-Years from 2007-17

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0036
Author(s):  
Audrey Wright ◽  
Jaret Karnuta ◽  
Bryan Luu ◽  
Heather Haeberle ◽  
Eric Makhni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Predictive Algorithm ◽  
Preventative Intervention ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
And Performance

Objectives: With the accumulation of big data surrounding National Hockey League (NHL) and the advent of advanced computational processors, machine learning (ML) is ideally suited to develop a predictive algorithm capable of imbibing historical data to accurately project a future player’s availability to play based on prior injury and performance. To the end of leveraging available analytics to permit data-driven injury prevention strategies and informed decisions for NHL franchises beyond static logistic regression (LR) analysis, the objective of this study of NHL players was to (1) characterize the epidemiology of publicly reported NHL injuries from 2007-17, (2) determine the validity of a machine learning model in predicting next season injury risk for both goalies and non-goalies, and (3) compare the performance of modern ML algorithms versus LR analyses. Methods: Hockey player data was compiled for the years 2007 to 2017 from two publicly reported databases in the absence of an official NHL-approved database. Attributes acquired from each NHL player from each professional year included: age, 85 player metrics, and injury history. A total of 5 ML algorithms were created for both non-goalie and goalie data; Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, Naive Bayes, XGBoost, and Top 3 Ensemble. Logistic regression was also performed for both non-goalie and goalie data. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) primarily determined validation. Results: Player data was generated from 2,109 non-goalies and 213 goalies with an average follow-up of 4.5 years. The results are shown below in Table 1.For models predicting following season injury risk for non-goalies, XGBoost performed the best with an AUC of 0.948, compared to an AUC of 0.937 for logistic regression. For models predicting following season injury risk for goalies, XGBoost had the highest AUC with 0.956, compared to an AUC of 0.947 for LR. Conclusion: Advanced ML models such as XGBoost outperformed LR and demonstrated good to excellent capability of predicting whether a publicly reportable injury is likely to occur the next season. As more player-specific data become available, algorithm refinement may be possible to strengthen predictive insights and allow ML to offer quantitative risk management for franchises, present opportunity for targeted preventative intervention by medical personnel, and replace regression analysis as the new gold standard for predictive modeling. [Figure: see text]

scholarly journals The Effects of an Eight over Cricket Bowling Spell upon Pace Bowling Biomechanics and Performance within Different Delivery Lengths

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Callaghan ◽  
Robert G. Lockie ◽  
Warren A. Andrews ◽  
Walter Yu ◽  
Robert F. Chipchase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Run Up ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cricket Bowling ◽  
Shoulder Kinematics ◽  
Release Speed

Pace bowlers must often perform extended bowling spells with maximal ball release speed (BRS) while targeting different delivery lengths when playing a multi-day match. This study investigated the effect of an eight over spell upon pace bowling biomechanics and performance at different delivery lengths. Nine male bowlers (age = 18.8 ± 1.7 years) completed an eight over spell, while targeting different lengths (short: 7–10 m, good: 4–7 m, full: 0–4 m from the batter’s stumps, respectively) in a randomized order. Trunk, knee and shoulder kinematics and ground reaction forces at front foot contact (FFC), as well as run-up velocity and BRS were measured. Paired sample t-tests (p ≤ 0.01), Hedges’ g effect sizes, and statistical parametrical mapping were used to assess differences between mean variables from the first and last three overs. No significant differences (p = 0.05–0.98) were found in any discrete or continuous variables, with the magnitude of difference being trivial-to-medium (g = 0.00–0.73) across all variables. Results suggest pace bowlers sustain BRS through a single eight over spell while tolerating the repeatedly high whole-body biomechanical loads as suggested by maintaining the kinematics or technique at the assessed joints during FFC. Practically, the findings are advantageous for bowling performance and support current bowling load monitoring practices.

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