scholarly journals The tale of springs and streams: how different aquatic ecosystems impacted the mtDNA population structure of two riffle beetles in the Western Carpathians

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10039
Author(s):  
Jana Bozáňová ◽  
Zuzana Čiamporová Zat’ovičová ◽  
Fedor Čiampor Jr ◽  
Tomasz Mamos ◽  
Michał Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
W Carpathians

The Western Carpathians are a particularly interesting part of the Carpathian Arc. According to recent molecular data upon aquatic and terrestrial taxa, this mountain area is an important biodiversity hotspot of Europe. Moreover, the W Carpathians include rich systems of karst springs inhabited by specific fauna, where molecular diversity and phylogeographic patterns are yet to be fully explored. Our study aims to compare population genetic structure and molecular diversity of two related and commonly co-occurring riffle beetles, Elmis aenea (PWJ Müller, 1806) and Limnius perrisi (Dufour, 1843) in the springs and streams of the W Carpathians using the mitochondrial DNA barcoding fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI). The relatively stable thermal and chemical conditions of springs throughout unfavourable climatic settings make these highly specific lotic systems potentially ideal for a long-term survival of some aquatic biota. Populations of both elmid species were relatively homogeneous genetically, with a single dominant haplotype. However, we revealed that E. aenea significantly dominated in the springs, while L. perrisi preferred streams. Relative isolation of the springs and their stable conditions were reflected in significantly higher molecular diversity of the E. aenea population in comparison to L. perrisi. The results of Bayesian Skyline Plot analysis also indicated the exceptional position of springs regarding maintaining the population size of E. aenea. On the other hand, it seems that streams in the W Carpathians provide more effective dispersal channels for L. perrisi, whose population expanded much earlier compared to E. aenea. Present study points out that different demographic histories of these two closely related elmid species are manifested by their different habitat preference and molecular diversity.

scholarly journals The value of DNA barcoding in a hotspot area: an example of Rhyacophila tristis (Trichoptera) in the Western Carpathians

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Bozáňová ◽  
Fedor Čiampor Jr ◽  
Tomasz Mamos ◽  
Michal Grabowski ◽  
Zuzana Čiamporová-Zaťovičová
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Mountain System ◽  
W Carpathians

DNA barcoding has proven to be an essential tool in providing molecular tags for animal species. In addition, the value of DNA barcoding undoubtedly consists in giving information about intraspecific genetic diversity, which is of great importance for biodiversity monitoring and conservation assessments. Such data are especially valuable in case of biodiversity hot-spots. Therefore, the aim of our study was to expand the knowledge of the genetic patterns and distribution of the caddisfly Rhyacophila tristis (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae) population in one such biodiversity hotspot - The Western Carpathians. The W Carpathians include rich freshwater systems of springs and streams, where molecular diversity and phylogeographic patterns of aquatic fauna are yet to be fully explored. Based on the mitochondrial DNA barcoding fragment (COI-5P) of 161 sequences, two BINs representing distinct lineages within R. tristis were identified. BIN BOLD:AAD5574 occurred in 16 localities to the west and BIN BOLD:ADL4166 in 44 localities more to the east, with contact zone in the middle of the mountain system (Fig. 1). BIN BOLD:AAD5574 occurred at a significantly narrower altitudinal interval compared to BIN BOLD:ADL4166, but we did not record significant differences in molecular diversity between BINs. Likewise, past population growth was found in both lineages. Both BINs started to expand demographically at the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum, however BIN BOLD: ADL4166 increased its demography more sharply compared to BIN BOLD:AAD5574, moreover the effective population size of BIN BOLD:ADL4166 was much higher. BIN BOLD:ADL4166, showing a significantly wider range of altitude, has probably found higher potential for dispersal to various mountain units in the area of the W Carpathians. Our results showed also that BIN BOLD:ADL4166 is more closely related to the separate R. tristis BIN BOLD: ADL4367 recognized in Bulgaria than to the BIN BOLD:AAD5574 occurring geographically in the same mountain system. Additionally, different patterns of population expansion of BIN BOLD:ADL4166 between springs and streams were found. These differences may have occurred due to specific environmental conditions of the karstic springs, which are considered as relatively isolated aquatic habitats. Our initial study of R. tristis phylogeography in W Carpathians opens several new important questions: Is it possible that BIN BOLD:ADL4166 is expanding from the eastern part of Europe (Bulgaria) to the colder streams in the W Carpathians during the LGM? What role do the W Carpathian springs play in maintaining the genetic diversity and sustainability of R. tristis? Could these relatively isolated aquatic habitats serve as postglacial refugia for R. tristis species? And, maybe also, are they two separate species? This contribution was partially supported by the project VEGA 2/0084/21 and VEGA 1/0127/20.

scholarly journals Taxonomic diversity of Biomphalaria (Planorbidae) in São Paulo state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Pires Ohlweiler ◽  
Thays de Jesus Rossignoli ◽  
Raquel Gardini Sanches Palasio ◽  
Roseli Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase I ◽  
Morphological Taxonomy ◽  
Tietê River ◽  
Biomphalaria Straminea ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Excretory Organs

Abstract: Morphological and molecular identifications were carried out for Biomphalaria occidentalis, Biomphalaria oligoza, Biomphalaria peregrina, Biomphalaria schrammi, Biomphalaria straminea and Biomphalaria tenagophila collected from 55 sites located along the upper basin of Tietê River in the Southeast Region of Brazil. Morphological analysis considered aspects of the shell, mantle, excretory organs and reproductive system. Molecular data included 122 sequences of Cytochrome C Oxidase I gene (COI). Our results showed that some shell characters, as well as other characters related to the mantle and the reproductive system, are fundamental for the identification of the six Biomphalaria species included in this study. The use of DNA barcoding together with morphological taxonomy generated more reliable results, proving to be a very useful approach, even for malacological surveillance services.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Asian Snakehead MurrelChanna striata(Channidae) in Malaysia: An Insight into Molecular Data and Morphological Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Min Song ◽  
Kaviarasu Munian ◽  
Zulkafli Abd Rashid ◽  
Subha Bhassu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Conservation Assessments ◽  
Divergence Pattern

Conservation is imperative for the Asian snakeheadsChanna striata, as the species has been overfished due to its high market demand. Using maternal markers (mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 gene (COI)), we discovered that evolutionary forces that drove population divergence did not show any match between the genetic and morphological divergence pattern. However, there is evidence of incomplete divergence patterns between the Borneo population and the populations from Peninsular Malaysia. This supports the claim of historical coalescence ofC. striataduring Pleistocene glaciations. Ecological heterogeneity caused high phenotypic variance and was not correlated with genetic variance among the populations. Spatial conservation assessments are required to manage different stock units. Results on DNA barcoding show no evidence of cryptic species inC. striatain Malaysia. The newly obtained sequences add to the database of freshwater fish DNA barcodes and in future will provide information relevant to identification of species.

Morphological and molecular diversity in the freshwater crab Potamon ruttneri-P. gedrosianum species complex (Decapoda, Brachyura) indicate the need for taxonomic revision

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Keikhosravi ◽  
Reza Naderloo ◽  
Christoph D. Schubart
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Mitochondrial 16S Rdna ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Incomplete Sampling

Many species and subspecies of Potamon have been described from the easternmost distribution of the genus in the western tributaries of the Indus River. Most of them were synonymised subsequently under the two names of currently valid species known from the region: Potamon gedrosianum Alcock, 1909 and Potamon ruttneri Pretzmann, 1962. Genetic and morphological information, based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA and the first male gonopod (G1), were gathered in the course of the present study. The corresponding results suggest the occurrence of four groups and question the taxonomic status of both species. We also revise the distribution range of both species, in particular that of P. gedrosianum, with a new record from Iran. Overall, the study reveals the need for a major revision using further morphological and molecular data. Because of the complexity of this necessary revision and the incomplete sampling, we here refrain from proposing any taxonomic conclusions.

scholarly journals A DNA barcode-based survey of terrestrial arthropods in the Society Islands of French Polynesia: host diversity within the SymbioCode Project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Ramage ◽  
Patricia Martins-Simoes ◽  
Gladys Mialdea ◽  
Roland Allemand ◽  
Anne Duplouy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Society Islands ◽  
Terrestrial Arthropods ◽  
Natural Laboratory

We report here on the taxonomic and molecular diversity of 10 929 terrestrial arthropod specimens, collected on four islands of the Society Archipelago, French Polynesia. The survey was part of the ‘SymbioCode Project’ that aims to establish the Society Islands as a natural laboratory in which to investigate the flux of bacterial symbionts (e.g., Wolbachia) and other genetic material among branches of the arthropod tree. The sample includes an estimated 1127 species, of which 1098 included at least one DNA-barcoded specimen and 29 were identified to species level using morphological traits only. Species counts based on molecular data emphasize that some groups have been understudied in this region and deserve more focused taxonomic effort, notably Diptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Some taxa that were also subjected to morphological scrutiny reveal a consistent match between DNA and morphology-based species boundaries in 90% of the cases, with a larger than expected genetic diversity in the remaining 10%. Many species from this sample are new to this region or are undescribed. Some are under description, but many await inspection by motivated experts, who can use the online images or request access to ethanol-stored specimens.

scholarly journals Experimental taxonomy exposes ontogenetic variability and elucidates the taxonomic value of claw configuration in MilnesiumDoyère, 1840 (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Apochela)

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Morek ◽  
Piotr Gąsiorek ◽  
Daniel Stec ◽  
Brian Blagden ◽  
Łukasz Michalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Configuration Change ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Diagnostic Key ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

In this paper we describe a new apochelan species, Milnesium variefidumsp. nov. from Scotland and provide novel morphological and molecular data for Milnesium berladnicorumCiobanu et al., 2014. The new species differs from the most similar M. berladnicorumby the presence of developmental dimorphism in claw configuration, absent or weakly developed cuticular bars under claws I-III, a different arrangement of cuticular pseudoplates, and by differences in the sequences of three nuclear DNA fragments: 18S rRNA (p-distance: 0.6%), 28S rRNA (2.0%), ITS-2 (9.3%), and on mitochondrial gene COI (12.4%). Although ontogenetic claw configuration change was suspected to occur in some Milnesiumspecies, we are the first to document it through the combined use of traditional, molecular and experimental methodologies. We discuss the implications of the observed phenomenon for the taxonomy of the genus and propose a new diagnostic key to all Milnesiumspecies described up to the end of 2015. We also review other traits used for species differentiation in the genus and offer recommendations to improve the quality of future descriptions as well as suggest a need for integrative redescriptions of the known species. Finally, we propose to suppress M. dujiangensisand M. tardigradum trispinosumand suggest that M. alpigenumand M. quadrifidumare valid species that require thorough redescriptions.

Towards a dated molecular phylogeny of the Tanypodinae (Chironomidae, Diptera)

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Krosch ◽  
P. S. Cranston ◽  
L. M. Bryant ◽  
F. Strutt ◽  
S. R. McCluen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Inference Methods

A dated molecular phylogeny is proposed for the Tanypodinae, a diverse subfamily of Chironomidae (Diptera). We used molecular data from fragments of one ribosomal gene (28S), one nuclear protein-coding gene (CAD), and one mitochondrial protein-coding gene (COI), analysed using mixed model Bayesian and maximum likelihood inference methods. All proposed tribes were sampled, namely, Anatopyniini, Clinotanypodini, Coelopyniini, Fittkauimyiini, Macropelopiini, Natarsiini, Pentaneurini, Procladiini and Tanypodini. A multilocus dataset of 1938 characters was compiled from 123 individuals including outgroups. Monophyly was supported for all tribes although some relationships were not robust. Relationships between tribes and some genus groups are highly congruent with a morphology-based estimate. Relationships within tribe Pentaneurini mostly find weak support, yet previously hypothesised groupings and monophyly or lack thereof in well-sampled genera are revealed. The tempo of diversification of the family was deduced by divergence time analysis (BEAST). Origination of a subfamily stem group in the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous was inferred, with all tribes and many genera of Pentaneurini originating and diversifying in the Cretaceous. Some nodes are biogeographically informative. Gene sections supported the backbone, but more extensive sampling is needed to estimate shallower phylogenies and to better understand the tempo and diversification of Tanypodinae.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Maize Inbred Lines with Varying Levels of Resistance to Striga Hermonthica Using Agronomic Trait-Based and SNP Markers

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1223
Author(s):  
Adekemi Stanley ◽  
Abebe Menkir ◽  
Agre Paterne ◽  
Beatrice Ifie ◽  
Pangirayi Tongoona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analyses

Striga hermonthica is a serious biotic stress limiting maize production in sub-Saharan Africa. The limited information on the patterns of genetic diversity among maize inbred lines derived from source germplasm with mixed genetic backgrounds limits the development of inbred lines, hybrids, and synthetics with durable resistance to S. hermonthica. This study was conducted to assess the level of genetic diversity in a panel of 150 diverse maize inbred lines using agronomic and molecular data and also to infer the population structure among the inbred lines. Ten Striga-resistance-related traits were used for the phenotypic characterization, and 16,735 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), were used for molecular diversity. The phenotypic and molecular hierarchical cluster analyses grouped the inbred lines into five clusters, respectively. However, the grouping patterns between the phenotypic and molecular hierarchical cluster analyses were inconsistent due to non-overlapping information between the phenotypic and molecular data. The correlation between the phenotypic and molecular diversity matrices was very low (0.001), which is in agreement with the inconsistencies observed between the clusters formed by the phenotypic and molecular diversity analyses. The joint phenotypic and genotypic diversity matrices grouped the inbred lines into three groups based on their reaction patterns to S. hermonthica, and this was able to exploit a broad estimate of the actual diversity among the inbred lines. The joint analysis shows an invaluable insight for measuring genetic diversity in the evaluated materials. The result indicates that wide genetic variability exists among the inbred lines and that the joint diversity analysis can be utilized to reliably assign the inbred lines into heterotic groups and also to enhance the level of resistance to Striga in new maize varieties.

scholarly journals The Volatile Composition of Comets

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Volatile Composition ◽  
Cometary Nuclei ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
The Many ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Cometary Comae ◽  
Excitation Conditions

ABSTRACTComets may be our best probes of the physical and chemical conditions in the outer regions of the solar nebula during that crucial period when the planets formed. The volatile composition of cometary nuclei, in particular, can be used to decide whether comets are the product of a condensation sequence similar to that invoked to explain the compositions of the planets and asteroids, or if comets are simply agglomerations of interstellar grains which have been insignificantly modified by the events that shaped the other bodies in the solar system. Although cometary nuclei are not generally accessible to observation, observations of cometary comae can illuminate at least some of the mysteries of the nuclei provided one has a detailed knowledge of the excitation conditions in the coma and also has access to basic atomic and molecular data on the many species present in comets. This paper examines the status of our knowledge of the volatile composition of cometary nuclei and discusses how these data are obtained.

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Blastocystis sp. in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Schoolchildren in Zambézia Province (Mozambique)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly S. Muadica ◽  
Pamela C. Köster ◽  
Alejandro Dashti ◽  
Begoña Bailo ◽  
Marta Hernández-de-Mingo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Blastocystis Sp

Infections by the protist enteroparasites Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and, to a much lesser extent, Blastocystis sp. are common causes of childhood diarrhoea in low-income countries. This molecular epidemiological study assesses the frequency and molecular diversity of these pathogens in faecal samples from asymptomatic schoolchildren (n = 807) and symptomatic children seeking medical attention (n = 286) in Zambézia province, Mozambique. Detection and molecular characterisation of pathogens was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods coupled with Sanger sequencing. Giardia duodenalis was the most prevalent enteric parasite found [41.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 38.8–44.7%], followed by Blastocystis sp. (14.1%, 95% CI: 12.1–16.3%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (1.6%, 95% CI: 0.9–2.5%). Sequence analyses revealed the presence of assemblages A (7.0%, 3/43) and B (88.4%, 38/43) within G. duodenalis-positive children. Four Cryptosporidium species were detected, including C. hominis (30.8%; 4/13), C. parvum (30.8%, 4/13), C. felis (30.8%, 4/13), and C. viatorum (7.6%, 1/13). Four Blastocystis subtypes were also identified including ST1 (22.7%; 35/154), ST2 (22.7%; 35/154), ST3 (45.5%; 70/154), and ST4 (9.1%; 14/154). Most of the genotyped samples were from asymptomatic children. This is the first report of C. viatorum and Blastocystis ST4 in Mozambique. Molecular data indicate that anthropic and zoonotic transmission (the latter at an unknown rate) are important spread pathways of diarrhoea-causing pathogens in Mozambique.

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