scholarly journals Identification and expression profiles of candidate chemosensory receptors in Histia rhodope (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10035
Author(s):  
Haibo Yang ◽  
Junfeng Dong ◽  
Ya-Lan Sun ◽  
Zhenjie Hu ◽  
Qi-Hui Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Ionotropic Receptors ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Diurnal Moth ◽  
Sugar Receptors ◽  
Almost All

Insect olfaction and vision play important roles in survival and reproduction. Diurnal butterflies mainly rely on visual cues whereas nocturnal moths rely on olfactory signals to locate external resources. Histia rhodope Cramer (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) is an important pest of the landscape tree Bischofia polycarpa in China and other Southeast Asian regions. As a diurnal moth, H. rhodope represents a suitable model for studying the evolutionary shift from olfactory to visual communication. However, only a few chemosensory soluble proteins have been characterized and information on H. rhodope chemoreceptor genes is currently lacking. In this study, we identified 45 odorant receptors (ORs), nine ionotropic receptors (IRs), eight gustatory receptors (GRs) and two sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) from our previously acquired H. rhodope antennal transcriptomic data. The number of chemoreceptors of H. rhodope was less compared with that found in many nocturnal moths. Some specific chemoreceptors such as OR co-receptor (ORco), ionotropic receptors co-receptor, CO2 receptors, sugar receptors and bitter receptors were predicted by phylogenetic analysis. Notably, two candidate pheromone receptors (PRs) were identified within a novel PR lineage. qRT-PCR results showed that almost all tested genes (22/24) were predominantly expressed in antennae, indicating that they may be important in olfactory function. Among these antennae-enriched genes, six ORs, five IRs and two GRs displayed female-biased expression, while two ORs displayed male-biased expression. Additionally, HrhoIR75q.2 and HrhoGR67 were more highly expressed in heads and legs. This study enriches the olfactory gene inventory of H. rhodope and provides the foundation for further research of the chemoreception mechanism in diurnal moths.

scholarly journals Olfactory processing in the lateral horn of Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 383 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Sudeshna Das Chakraborty ◽  
Silke Sachse
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Olfactory Behavior ◽  
Lateral Horn ◽  
Behavioral Decision ◽  
Animal Phyla ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Almost All

AbstractSensing olfactory signals in the environment represents a crucial and significant task of sensory systems in almost all organisms to facilitate survival and reproduction. Notably, the olfactory system of diverse animal phyla shares astonishingly many fundamental principles with regard to anatomical and functional properties. Binding of odor ligands by chemosensory receptors present in the olfactory peripheral organs leads to a neuronal activity that is conveyed to first and higher-order brain centers leading to a subsequent odor-guided behavioral decision. One of the key centers for integrating and processing innate olfactory behavior is the lateral horn (LH) of the protocerebrum in insects. In recent years the LH of Drosophila has garnered increasing attention and many studies have been dedicated to elucidate its circuitry. In this review we will summarize the recent advances in mapping and characterizing LH-specific cell types, their functional properties with respect to odor tuning, their neurotransmitter profiles, their connectivity to pre-synaptic and post-synaptic partner neurons as well as their impact for olfactory behavior as known so far.

scholarly journals Sarcoglycan complex in masseter and sternocleidomastoid muscles of baboons: an immunohistochemical study

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cutroneo ◽  
A. Centofanti ◽  
F. Speciale ◽  
G. Rizzo ◽  
A. Favaloro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Social Ranking ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
The Social ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Contractile Forces

<p>The sarcoglycan complex consists of a group of single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that are essential to maintain the integrity of muscle membranes. Any mutation in each sarcoglycan gene causes a series of recessive autosomal dystrophin-positive muscular dystrophies. Negative fibres for sarcoglycans have never been found in healthy humans and animals. In this study, we have investigated whether the social ranking has an influence on the expression of sarcoglycans in the skeletal muscles of healthy baboons. Biopsies of masseter and sternocleidomastoid muscles were processed for confocal immunohistochemical detection of sarcoglycans. Our findings showed that baboons from different social rankings exhibited different sarcoglycan expression profiles. While in dominant baboons almost all muscles were stained for sarcoglycans, only 55% of muscle fibres showed a significant staining. This different expression pattern is likely to be due to the living conditions of these primates. Sarcoglycans which play a key role in muscle activity by controlling contractile forces may influence the phenotype of muscle fibres, thus determining an adaptation to functional conditions. We hypothesize that this intraspecies variation reflects an epigenetic modification of the muscular protein network that allows baboons to adapt progressively to a different social status.</p>

scholarly journals Postprandial transfer of colostral extracellular vesicles and their protein and miRNA cargo in neonatal calves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Kirchner ◽  
Dominik Buschmann ◽  
Vijay Paul ◽  
Michael W. Pfaffl
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Neonatal Calves ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes are key regulators of intercellular communication that can be found in almost all bio fluids. Although studies in the last decade have made great headway in discerning the role of EVs in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, the bioavailability and impact of dietary EVs and their cargo still remain to be elucidated. Due to its widespread consumption and high content of EV-associated microRNAs and proteins, a major focus in this field has been set on EVs in bovine milk and colostrum. Despite promising in vitro studies in recent years that show high resiliency of milk EVs to degradation and uptake of milk EV cargo in a variety of intestinal and blood cell types, in vivo experiments continue to be inconclusive and sometimes outright contradictive. Results To resolve this discrepancy, we assessed the potential postprandial transfer of colostral EVs to the circulation of newborn calves by analysing colostrum-specific protein and miRNAs, including specific isoforms (isomiRs) in cells, EV isolations and unfractionated samples from blood and colostrum. Our findings reveal distinct populations of EVs in colostrum and blood from cows that can be clearly separated by density, particle concentration and protein content (BTN1A1, MFGE8). Postprandial blood samples of calves show a time-dependent increase in EVs that share morphological and protein characteristics of colostral EVs. Analysis of miRNA expression profiles by Next-Generation Sequencing gave a different picture however. Although significant postprandial expression changes could only be detected for calf EV samples, expression profiles show very limited overlap with highly expressed miRNAs in colostral EVs or colostrum in general. Conclusions Taken together our results indicate a selective uptake of membrane-associated protein cargo but not luminal miRNAs from colostral EVs into the circulation of neonatal calves.

scholarly journals Fitting mathematical models to lactation curves from holstein cows in the southwestern region of the state of Parana, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abílio G.T. Ferreira ◽  
Douglas S. Henrique ◽  
Ricardo A.M. Vieira ◽  
Emilyn M. Maeda ◽  
Altair A. Valotto
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
The State ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Quality Of Fit ◽  
Wood Model

The objective of this study was to evaluate four mathematical models with regards to their fit to lactation curves of Holstein cows from herds raised in the southwestern region of the state of Parana, Brazil. Initially, 42,281 milk production records from 2005 to 2011 were obtained from "Associação Paranaense de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Holandesa (APCBRH)". Data lacking dates of drying and total milk production at 305 days of lactation were excluded, resulting in a remaining 15,142 records corresponding to 2,441 Holstein cows. Data were sorted according to the parity order (ranging from one to six), and within each parity order the animals were divided into quartiles (Q25%, Q50%, Q75% and Q100%) corresponding to 305-day lactation yield. Within each parity order, for each quartile, four mathematical models were adjusted, two of which were predominantly empirical (Brody and Wood) whereas the other two presented more mechanistic characteristics (models Dijkstra and Pollott). The quality of fit was evaluated by the corrected Akaike information criterion. The Wood model showed the best fit in almost all evaluated situations and, therefore, may be considered as the most suitable model to describe, at least empirically, the lactation curves of Holstein cows raised in Southwestern Parana.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution and Expression of the Complete Set of Cytoplasmic Ribosomal Protein Genes in Nile Tilapia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Gangqiao Kuang ◽  
Wenjing Tao ◽  
Shuqing Zheng ◽  
Xiaoshuang Wang ◽  
Deshou Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Ribosomal Protein Genes ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic Expression ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Almost All

Ribosomal proteins (RPs) are indispensable in ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis, and play a crucial role in diverse developmental processes. In the present study, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of RPs in chordates and examined the expression profiles of the complete set of 92 cytoplasmic RP genes in Nile tilapia. The RP genes were randomly distributed throughout the tilapia genome. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses revealed the existence of duplicated RP genes from 2R (RPL3, RPL7, RPL22 and RPS27) and 3R (RPL5, RPL19, RPL22, RPL41, RPLP2, RPS17, RPS19 and RPS27) in tilapia and even more from 4R in common carp and Atlantic salmon. The RP genes were found to be expressed in all tissues examined, but their expression levels differed among different tissues. Gonadal transcriptome analysis revealed that almost all RP genes were highly expressed, and their expression levels were highly variable between ovaries and testes at different developmental stages in tilapia. No sex- and stage-specific RP genes were found. Eleven RP genes displayed sexually dimorphic expression with nine higher in XY gonad and two higher in XX gonad at all stages examined, which were proved to be phenotypic sex dependent. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry ofRPL5b and RPL24 were performed to validate the transcriptome data. The genomic resources and expression data obtained in this study will contribute to a better understanding of RPs evolution and functions in chordates.

Genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism microarray mapping for prediction of outcome of neuroblastoma patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9010-9010
Author(s):  
E. Hiyama ◽  
H. Yamaoka ◽  
A. Kamimatsuse ◽  
M. Onitake ◽  
T. Sueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Mycn Amplification ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Whole Genome Microarray ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Almost All

9010 Background: Neuroblastoma is a biologically and genetically heterogeneous tumor and demonstrates favorable or unfavorable outcomes. However, the number of subgroups in neuroblastoma and natural history of each subgroup remain unclear. In Japan, nation-wide neuroblasotma mass-screening (MS) project had been performed on 6-month-old babies for 20 years that might have detected almost all neuroblastomas including regressing/ maturing tumors developed in this period. We surveyed more than 3,600 neuroblasotma cases including approximately 2,000 MS detecting cases. In this study, we examined genetic alterations in the representative cases using genome-wide SNP array and compared with the clinical courses. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 198 neuroblastoma samples. SNP array (Affimetrix GeneChip Human mapping Array100K) was used to determine genome-wide aberrations. Chromosome aberrations were confirmed by BAC array and FISH examination. Expression profiles of these tumors were also examined using whole genome microarray (Codelink and Affimetrix Array U133 plus2). Results: SNP arrays could frequently identify chromosomal aberrations and allelic imbalances including 1p and 11q loss and MYCN amplification in unfavorable tumors. Then, we broadly classified the chromosome aberrations in neuroblastoma into four types: whole gain/loss type, partial gain/loss type, MYCN amplified type, and silent type with no large alterations. Almost all tumors with whole gain/loss type showed favorable prognosis, while MYCN amplified type and partial gain/loss type showed unfavorable outcome. In 32 tumors with silent type, 18 unfavorable tumors had small deletions and/or gains in 1p, 2p, 3p, 11q, and/or 17q but the remaining 16 favorable cases did not. The expression analysis of the unfavorable tumors showed high expression of several genes (DDX1, NAG, NME1, MAC30) in these loci. Conclusions: Genome-wide genetic analysis classified neuroblastoma into four types, which are useful to predict the outcome of patients. In the silent type, unfavorable tumors revealed several genes to predict the outcome of the patients. These data provided important candidates of indicators for risk assessment and of therapeutic targets for unfavorable neuroblastoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Transcriptome and Gene Expression Analysis of Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae) During Different Development Stages

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ma ◽  
Rongyan Wang ◽  
Xiuhua Li ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Shulong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Cylas Formicarius ◽  
Important Pest

Abstract The sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (F.) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), is an important pest of sweet potato worldwide. However, there is limited knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying growth and differentiation of C. formicarius. The transcriptomes of the eggs, second instar larvae, third instar larvae (L3), pupae, females, and males of C. formicarius were sequenced using Illumina sequencing technology for obtaining global insights into developing transcriptome characteristics and elucidating the relative functional genes. A total of 54,255,544 high-quality reads were produced, trimmed, and de novo assembled into 115,281 contigs. 61,686 unigenes were obtained, with an average length of 1,009 nt. Among these unigenes, 17,348 were annotated into 59 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 12,660 were assigned to 25 Cluster of Orthologous Groups classes, whereas 24,796 unigenes were mapped to 258 pathways. Differentially expressed unigenes between various developmental stages of C. formicarius were detected. Higher numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were recorded in the eggs versus L3 and eggs versus male samples (2,141 and 2,058 unigenes, respectively) than the others. Genes preferentially expressed in each stage were also identified. GO and pathway-based enrichment analysis were used to further investigate the functions of the DEGs. In addition, the expression profiles of ten DEGs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The transcriptome profiles presented in this study and these DEGs detected by comparative analysis of different developed stages of C. formicarius will facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanism of various living process and will contribute to further genome-wide research.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Ex Vivo Expanded Human Regulatory T Cells Using Allogeneic Stimulated B Cells or Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Lee ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Karim Lee ◽  
Horace Liang ◽  
Alexander Merleev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Almost All

Alloreactive regulatory T cells (arTregs) are more potent than polyclonal Tregs at suppressing immune responses to transplant antigens. Human arTregs can be expanded with allogeneic CD40L-stimulated B cells (sBcs) or stimulated-matured monocyte-derived dendritic cells (sDCs). Here, we compared the expansion efficiency and properties of arTregs stimulated ex vivo using these two types of antigen-presenting cells. Compared to sBcs, sDCs stimulated Tregs to expand two times more in number. The superior expansion-inducing capacity of sDCs correlated with their higher expression of CD80, CD86, and T cell-attracting chemokines. sBc- and sDC-arTregs expressed comparable levels of FOXP3, HELIOS, CD25, CD27, and CD62L, demethylated FOXP3 enhancer and in vitro suppressive function. sBc- and sDCs-arTregs had similar gene expression profiles that were distinct from primary Tregs. sBc- and sDC-arTregs exhibited similar low frequencies of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A-producing cells, and the cytokine-producing arTregs expressed high levels of FOXP3. Almost all sBc- and sDC-arTregs expressed CXCR3, which may enable them traffic to inflammatory sites. Thus, sDCs-arTregs that expand more readily, are phenotypically similar to sBc-arTregs, supporting sDCs as a viable alternative for arTreg production for clinical evaluation.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of the Dicer-like family in cotton and analysis of the DCL expression modulation in response to biotic stress in two contrasting commercial cultivars

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna de Oliveira Moura ◽  
Anna Karoline S Fausto ◽  
Amanda Fanelli ◽  
Fernanda A de F Guedes ◽  
Tatiane da F Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
Herbivore Attack ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Allotetraploid Cotton

Abstract Background Dicer-like proteins (DCLs) are fundamental players in RNA-silencing mechanisms acting in gene regulation via miRNAs and in antiviral protection in plants, in addition to being related to other biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite be identified in some crops, cotton DCLs weren't characterized until now. Here we characterize the DCLs of three cotton species and analyzed their expression profiles during biotic stress. Results We identified 11 DCLs in the allotetraploid cotton Gossypium hirsutum and 7 and 6 in the diploid G. arboreum and G. raimondii, respectively. Among some DCL duplication observed in these genomes, we observe the presence of an extra DCL3 in the three cotton species, not found in others eudicots until now. All the DCL types identified by in silico analysis in the allotetraploid cotton genome were able to generate transcripts, as observed by gene expression analysis in distinct tissues. Based on the importance of DCLs for plant virus defense, responses of cotton DCLs to virus infection and/or herbivore attack using two commercial cotton cultivars (cv.), one susceptible (Fibermax 966) and another resistant (Delta Opal) to polerovirus CLRDV infection were analyzed. Both cvs. responded differently to virus infection. At the initial stages, 24dpi, the resistant cv. showed strong induction of DCL2a and b, while the susceptible cv. showed a down-regulation of these genes, wherever DCL4 expression was highly induced. Herbivore attack did not induce contrasting profiles between cotton DCLs transcripts in either cotton cv. Conclusions The allotetraploide cotton G. hirsutum has almost all DCLs found in their diploid relative and duplication of DCL2 and DCL3 were found in the three species. All the four classes of DCL respond to aphid attack and virus infection in G. hirsutum, however, remarkable differences in DCL initial responses against the virus itself may be responsible for the virus susceptible and/or resistant phenotype of the contrasting cotton cv. studied.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ASH ON THE MORTALITY OF ADULTS OF BRUCHIDIUS ATROLINEATUS PIC. (COLEOPTERA-BRUCHINAE), IMPORTANT PEST OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA WALP.) IN SAHELIAN ZONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Moumouni D.A. ◽  
◽  
Maman H.M. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Bruchidius Atrolineatus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Population Treatment ◽  
Sahelian Zone

Bruchidius atrolineatus (pic) (Ba) is one of the most dangerous pests seeds of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). The infestation begins in the fields of crops and continues in stocks where damage can be considerable in the absence of any protective measure. The importance of these damage justifies the development of appropriate, less expensive and easily applicable peasant struggles. A recommended ash test for the traditional cowpea storage was evaluated on the mortality of Bruchidius atrolineatus (PIC) in the laboratory. During this study, several experiments relating to the influence of Ash on adults of B. atrolineatus were carried out. A negative witness has been made for each case. The treatments have been made according to gender and adults. Ash is a substance that seems to be very effective with respect to B. atrolineatus because has significantly reduced its population. Treatment due to the effect of ash has recorded a mortality rate of 85% on the first day. Then treatments with variations due to the increase in the amount of ash, insects and seeds have induced a respective mortality rate of 31.5%, 43.5%, 93.75% and 100% 62.5%, 33.16%, 30%, 24% and 17.04% and 62.5%, 43.75%, 52.5% and 50% on the 1st after treatment. It is apparent from our study that the female seems to be more resistant than males in almost all treatments. This study showed that the ash could constitute an alternative to the use of chemical insecticides in the conservation of cowpea seeds in the Sahelian zone.

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