scholarly journals Comparison of the performance of skip lists and splay trees in classification of internet packets

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e204
Author(s):  
Navid Khezrian ◽  
Mahdi Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Packet Classification ◽  
Memory Usage ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Splay Tree ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Skip List ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Memory Accesses

Due to the increasing number of Internet users and the volume of information exchanged by software applications, Internet packet traffic has increased significantly, which has highlighted the need to accelerate the processing required in network systems. Packet classification is one of the solutions implemented in network systems. The most important issue is to use an approach that can classify packets at the speed of the network and show optimum performance in terms of memory usage. In this study, we evaluated the performance in packet classification of two of the most important data structures used in decision trees, i.e. the skip list and splay tree. Our criteria for performance were the time of packet classification, the number of memory accesses, and memory usage of each event. These criteria were tested by the ACL and IPC rules with different numbers of rules as well as by different packet numbers. The results of the evaluation showed that the performance of skip lists is higher than that of splay trees. By increasing the number of classifying rules, both the difference in the speed of packet classification and the superiority of the performance of the skip list over that of the splay tree become more significant. The skip list also maintains its superiority over the splay tree in lower memory usage. The results of the experiments confirm the scalability of this method in comparison to the splay tree method.

scholarly journals A CRC-Based Classifier Micro-Engine for Efficient Flow Processing in SDN-Based Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Abbasi ◽  
Navid Mousavi ◽  
Milad Rafiee ◽  
Mohammad R. Khosravi ◽  
Varun G. Menon
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Packet Classification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Mobile Systems ◽  
Memory Usage ◽  
High Speed Flow ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Speed Flow ◽  
Network Speed

In the Internet of things (IoT), network devices and mobile systems should exchange a considerable amount of data with negligible delays. For this purpose, the community has used the software-defined networking (SDN), which has provided high-speed flow-based communication mechanisms. To satisfy the requirements of SDN in the classification of communicated packets, high-throughput packet classification systems are needed. A hardware-based method of Internet packet classification that could be simultaneously high-speed and memory-aware has been proved to be able to fill the gap between the network speed and the processing speed of the systems on the network in traffics higher than 100 Gbps. The current architectures, however, have not been successful in achieving these two goals. This paper proposes the architecture of a processing micro-core for packet classification in high-speed, flow-based network systems. By using the hashing technique, this classifying micro-core fixes the length of the rules field. As a result, with a combination of SRAM and BRAM memory cells and implementation of two ports on Virtex®6 FPGAs, the memory usage of 14.5 bytes per rule and a throughput of 324 Mpps were achieved in our experiments. Also, the performance per memory of the proposed design is the highest as compared to its major counterparts and is able to simultaneously meet the speed and memory-usage criteria.

Depression, pain, and site:

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Molina Omar Franklin ◽  
Tavares Gimenes Pablo ◽  
Aquilino Raphael ◽  
Rank Rise ◽  
Coelho Santos Zeila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Internal Joint ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Biomechanical Tests

Objective: To assess the level of depression, severity of pain and pain in single/multiple sites in patients with different severity of bruxing behavior and Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs). Methods: We evaluated 131 patients with bruxism and TMDs: 20 patients with mild bruxism, 42 patients with moderate bruxism, 45 patients with severe bruxism and 24 patients with extreme bruxism. We used the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), clinical examination, a questionnaire of clinical epidemiological data, criteria for TMDs and bruxism, palpation of muscles and joints, the Visual Analogue Scale for pain, classification of the occlusion and biomechanical tests to assess for internal joint derangements. Results: The level of depression increased from the mild, to the moderate, severe and extreme bruxing behavior groups, but the difference was significant only from the mild to the extreme group (p<0.001). Pain levels increased from the mild and moderate to the severe and extreme subgroups, but were not statistically significant. Mean number of pain sites increased from the mild, to the moderate, severe and extreme subgroup and the difference was extremely significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Levels of depression, severity of pain and pain sites increased with severity of bruxing behavior. A higher number of pain sites with more severe bruxism indicates somatization in bruxers, but a further study using the same protocol and a psychological test for somatization would be indicated to further substantiate these findings.

Understanding Customers' Continuance Intention

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-93
Author(s):  
Bangaly Kaba
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Continuance Intention ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Use Behavior

The purpose of this study is to understand the difference between Internet users' continuing use behavior in the context of digital inequality. Data were collected through a survey of Internet users in the Ivory Coast. The structural equation modeling technique was used to test the research hypothesis. This study showed empirically that concern over information and communication technologies (ICT) access as an explanation for digital inequality should be toned down. This research suggests emphasizing alternative factors to explain Internet sustained use intention by underprivileged individuals, including normative beliefs. The results will help internet service providers, governments, and international aid agencies to better understand users' behaviors or reactions to ICT available to them. This understanding provides a foundational platform upon which viable and effective information technology-enabled solutions and policies can be conceptualized and implemented. This study is one of the few that integrate three salient beliefs to differentiate ICT use continuance intention in the context of digital inequality.

scholarly journals Events, Time and the Simple Form

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter H. Hirtle
Keyword(s):  
Simple Form ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Event Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Required ◽  
English Verb

Abstract This is an attempt to discern more clearly the underlying or POTENTIAL meaning of the simple form of the English verb, described in Hirtle 1967 as 'perfective'. Vendler's widely accepted classification of events into ACCOMPLISHMENTS, ACHIEVEMENTS, ACTIVITIES, and STATES is examined from the point of view of the time necessarily contained between the beginning and end of any event, i.e. EVENT TIME as represented by the simple form. This examination justifies the well known dynamic/stative dichotomy by showing that event time is evoked in two different ways, that, in fact, the simple form has two ACTUAL significates. Further reflection on the difference between the two types thus expressed—developmental or action-like events and non-developmental or state-like events—leads to the conclusion that the simple form provides a representation of the time required to situate all the impressions involved in the notional or lexical import of the verb.

Russia and EU Countries: Partnership for Modernization

2013 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
T. Romanova ◽  
E. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Normative Power ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Eu

The article examines how the normative power, which the EU puts forward as an ideological basis of its actions in the world, manifests itself in the national partnerships for modernization between Russia and EU member states. The authors demonstrate the influence of the EU’s normativity on its approach to modernization as well as the difference in the positions of its member countries. It is concluded that there is no unity in the EU’s approach to democracy, human rights and the rule of law, and the new classification of EU member states, which is based on their readiness to act in accordance with the Union’s concept of normative power, is offered.

scholarly journals Slovene-English Contrastive Phraseology: Lexical Collocations

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Primož Jurko
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Lexical Collocations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Translation Errors ◽  
Language Pair

Phraseology is seen as one of the key elements and arguably the most productive part of any language. %e paper is focused on collocations and separates them from other phraseological units, such as idioms or compounds. Highlighting the difference between a monolingual and a bilingual (i.e. contrastive) approach to collocation, the article presents two distinct classes of collocations: grammatical and lexical. %e latter, treated contrastively, represent the focal point of the paper, since they are an unending source of translation errors to both students of translation and professional translators. %e author introduces a methodology of systematic classification of lexical collocations applied on the Slovene-English language pair and based on structural (lexical congruence) and semantic (translational predictability) criteria.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of different classification techniques using different datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 3584
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Özdemir ◽  
Uğur Yavuz ◽  
Fares Abdulhafidh Dael
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Multilayer Perceptron ◽  
Data Classification ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Classification Techniques ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Accuracy Performance

<span>Nowadays data mining become one of the technologies that paly major effect on business intelligence. However, to be able to use the data mining outcome the user should go through many process such as classified data. Classification of data is processing data and organize them in specific categorize to be use in most effective and efficient use. In data mining one technique is not applicable to be applied to all the datasets. This paper showing the difference result of applying different techniques on the same data. This paper evaluates the performance of different classification techniques using different datasets. In this study four data classification techniques have chosen. They are as follow, BayesNet, NaiveBayes, Multilayer perceptron and J48. The selected data classification techniques performance tested under two parameters, the time taken to build the model of the dataset and the percentage of accuracy to classify the dataset in the correct classification. The experiments are carried out using Weka 3.8 software. The results in the paper demonstrate that the efficiency of Multilayer Perceptron classifier in overall the best accuracy performance to classify the instances, and NaiveBayes classifiers were the worst outcome of accuracy to classifying the instance for each dataset.</span>

scholarly journals Analisis Kepuasan Pengguna Website Asuransi Untuk Peningkatan Pelayanan Asuransi Studi Kasus www.Cakrawalaproteksi.Com

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syafitri Mona Sari ◽  
Firdaus Firdaus ◽  
A. Haidar Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Simple Analysis ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Difference

Currently, technology has developed quite rapidly and covers all aspects, including in the insurance industry. Almost every insurance company has a website or social media that can be accessed by all internet users as a means of promotion and transactions. PT. Asuransi Cakrawala Proteksi is an insurance company that also carries out promotions through websites and social media. This research will discuss the customer satisfaction of PT. Asuransi Cakrawala Protection with the role of social media. Customer satisfaction is determined by looking at the difference between the actual value received and the expected value using the website and social media Facebook. From calculating the level of customer satisfaction with ServQual dimensions and simple analysis, a strategy will be produced to maintain or increase customer satisfaction.

scholarly journals Mushroom Biomass: Some Clinical Implications of β-Glucans and Enzymes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (Special-Issue-October) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Ana Barros ◽  
Vitoria Bell ◽  
Jorge Ferrão ◽  
Vittorio Calabrese ◽  
Tito Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Mushrooms have attracted market attention because they are a potential source of bioactive compounds able to perform several functions in organisms with benefits for the health of the consumer. Cultivation processes vary according a) industrial fermentation - in large vats to produce extracted form of mushrooms or b) closed cultivation system - individually grown in jars on an aseptic “substrate” with controlled lighting and irrigation to produce a biomass form of mushrooms. Biomass is the mycelium with primordia (young fruiting body - before the mushroom blooms) containing all the nutrients and active compounds, including β-glucans, enzymes and secondary metabolites. The classification of mushroom biomass varies according to the presentation; the biomass can be classified as a “food” if in powder form or, classified as a “dietary supplement” in tablet form. While tablet mushroom biomass is considered a dietary supplement, mushroom extracts are designated pharmaceutical compounds, pharmanutrients or nutraceuticals. Here we illustrate the difference between mushrooms in the biomass and extract forms, the similarities and differences on its content on enzymes, secondary metabolites and on β-glucans, as a soluble and fermentable fibre. Of particular note is the rich enzyme activity in the biomass form of mushrooms. Such activity includes enzymes that prevent oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase), enzymes that prevent cellular growth (protease, glucoamylase) and enzymes that promote detoxification (cytochrome P-450, peroxidase, glucose-2-oxidase). β-glucans have been proposed to act as “biological response modifiers” based on their effects on the immune system, and its role in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic syndrome-linked diseases. This review focuses also on some described health-promoting potential of mushroom biomass, all through immunomodulation. The role of intestinal microbiota is enhanced.

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