scholarly journals Modeling the Non Linear Behavior of a Magnetic Fault Current Limiter

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Behavioral Modeling ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Automatic Behavior ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Fault Current Limiters

Fault Current Limiters are used in a wide array of applications from small circuit protection at low power levels to large scale high power applications which require superconductors and complex control circuitry. One advantage of  passive fault current limiters (FCL) is the automatic behavior that is dependent on the intrinsic properties of the circuit elements rather than on a complex feedback control scheme making this approach attractive for low cost applications and also where reliability is critical. This paper describes the behavioral modeling of a passive Magnetic FCL and its potential application in practical circuits.

scholarly journals Design and computational modeling of fault current limiter topologies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Bitencourt ◽  
Daniel H. N. Dias ◽  
Bruno W. França ◽  
Felipe Sass ◽  
Guilherme G. Sotelo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Fault Current Limiters ◽  
Current Limiter

The increase in demand for electric power and the insertion of a distributed generation led to the rise of the short-circuit current in substations. Most of these Brazilian substations were designed decades ago, because of that their equipment may not support the new short-circuit current levels. To protect the installed equipment and avoid excessive costs replacing old devices, it is possible to install Fault Current Limiters (FCLs). This document is a report from an R&D project that evaluated FCL topologies considering real parameters in simulation from used equipment, concluding that the selected FCL topologies accomplished their technical objective. However, before implementing these topologies in the distribution system, one should consider the technical and economic feasibility of using semiconductor switching devices.

scholarly journals Analysis of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in DC System with Renewable Energy Sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
S. Sanjeeva Rayudu ◽  
C. Ganesh ◽  
B.Vignesh Naik
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Superconducting Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Fault Current Limiters ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Current Limiter

<p>Superconducting fault-current limiters (SFCLs) have been the subject of research and development for many years and offer an attractive solution to the problem of rising fault levels in electrical distribution systems.  SFCLs can greatly reduce fault currents and the damage at the point of fault, and help improve the stability of a power system. Superconducting fault-current limiters (SFCL) provide a  new efficient approach to the reliable handling of such  faults.(SCFLs) can be used for various nominal voltages and currents, and can  be  adapted  to  particular  limiting  characteristics  in  case  of  short  circuits. In this project, dc resistive type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is presented. This SFCL is designed for the HVDC system.  Uniform current and voltage sharing among the SFCL modules can be observed through contact resistance tests, dc flow-through tests, and ac flow-through tests. Results of tests show that each limiting module has good uniformity in higher current system. The proposed concept can be implemented using renewable energy sources. The results are presented by using Matlab/simulink platform.</p>

scholarly journals Composite Heat Sink Material for Superconducting Tape in Fault Current Limiter Applications

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1832
Author(s):  
Marcela Pekarčíková ◽  
Jozef Mišík ◽  
Marian Drienovský ◽  
Jozef Krajčovič ◽  
Michal Vojenčiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Superconducting Tapes ◽  
Ceramic Filler ◽  
Superconducting Tape ◽  
Fault Current Limiters ◽  
Current Limiter ◽  
Composite Heat

We enhanced the performance of superconducting tapes during quenching by coating the tapes with various composites, with regards to the application of such coated systems in superconducting fault current limiters. In composition of the coating, we varied the type of epoxy matrix, the content of ceramic filler particles and the use of reinforcement in order to optimize the thermal and the mechanical stability of the coated tapes. By this way modified superconducting tapes were able to reduce the maximum temperature 170 °C of not modified superconducting tape to 55 °C during the quench with electric field up to 130 V m−1.

scholarly journals A modified bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter for distribution network application

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1751
Author(s):  
Willy Stephen Tounsi Fokui ◽  
Michael Saulo ◽  
Livingstone Ngoo
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Current Limiting ◽  
Fault Current Limiters ◽  
Bridge Type ◽  
Current Limiter ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Electrical Distribution Network

The electrical distribution network is undergoing tremendous modifications with the introduction of distributed generation technologies which have led to an increase in fault current levels in the distribution network. Fault current limiters have been developed as a promising technology to limit fault current levels in power systems. Though, quite a number of fault current limiters have been developed; the most common are the superconducting fault current limiters, solid-state fault current limiters, and saturated core fault current limiters. These fault current limiters present potential fault current limiting solutions in power systems. Nevertheless, they encounter various challenges hindering their deployment and commercialization. This research aimed at designing a bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter with a novel topology for distribution network applications. The proposed bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter was designed and simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed design in fault current limiting, voltage sag compensation during fault conditions, and its ability not to affect the load voltage and current during normal conditions as well as in suppressing the source powers during fault conditions. Simulation results also showed very minimal power loss by the fault current limiter during normal conditions.

scholarly journals Design Optimization of a Permanent-Magnet Saturated-Core Fault-Current Limiter

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Linden ◽  
Yasha Nikulshin ◽  
Alex Friedman ◽  
Yosef Yeshurun ◽  
Shuki Wolfus
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Passive Components ◽  
Magnetic Cores ◽  
Fault Current Limiters ◽  
Variable Inductance

Designs of saturated-cores fault current limiters (FCLs) usually implement conducting or superconducting DC coils serving to saturate the magnetic cores during nominal grid performance. The use of coils adds significantly to the operational cost of the system, consuming energy, and requiring maintenance. A derivative of the saturated-cores FCL is a design implementing permanent magnets as an alternative to the DC coils, eliminating practically all maintenance due to its entirely passive components. There are, however, various challenges such as the need to reach deep saturation with the currently available permanent magnets as well as the complications involved in the assembly process due to very powerful magnetic forces between the magnets and the cores. This paper presents several concepts, achieved by extensive magnetic simulations and verified experimentally, that help in maximizing the core saturation of the PMFCL (Permanent Magnet FCL), including optimization of the permanent magnet to core surface ratios and asymmetrical placement of the permanent magnets, both creating an increase in the cores’ magnetic flux at crucial points. In addition, we point to the importance of splitting the AC coils to leave the center core point exposed to best utilize their variable inductance parameters. This paper also describes the stages of design and assembly of a laboratory-scale single phase prototype model with the proposed PMFCL design recommendations, as well as an analysis of real-time results obtained while connecting this prototype to a 220   V grid during nominal and fault states.

scholarly journals Study of Resistive-Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiters for a Hybrid High Voltage Direct Current System

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Huiwen He ◽  
Guocheng Li ◽  
Hongkun Chen ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Superconducting Fault Current Limiter ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiters ◽  
Resistive Type ◽  
Current Limiter

In this paper, a hybrid high voltage direct current transmission system containing a line commutated converter and a voltage source converter is developed. To enhance the robustness of the hybrid transmission system against direct current short-circuit faults, resistive-type superconducting fault current limiters are applied, and the effectiveness of this approach is assessed. Related mathematical models are built, and the theoretical functions of the proposed approach are expounded. According to the transient simulations in MATLAB software, the results demonstrate that: (i) The superconducting fault current limiter at the voltage source converter station enables to very efficiently mitigate the fault transients, and owns an enhanced current-limiting ability for handling the short-line faults. (ii) The superconducting fault current limiter at the line commutated converter station is able to mildly limit the fault current and alleviate the voltage drop, and its working performance has a low sensitivity to the fault location. At the end of the study, a brief scheme design of the resistive-type superconducting fault current limiters is achieved. In conclusion, the application feasibility of the proposed approach is well confirmed.

scholarly journals Effects of Magnetic Fields on Quench Characteristics of Superconducting Tape for Superconducting Fault Current Limiter

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1466
Author(s):  
Bin Xiang ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Muhammad Junaid ◽  
Zhiyuan Liu ◽  
Yingsan Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Superconducting Tapes ◽  
Permanent Magnetic Field ◽  
Superconducting Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Fault Current Limiters ◽  
Ybco Tapes

In DC systems, DC resistive type superconducting fault current limiters (R-SFCLs) can respond within a few hundred milliseconds and limit the fault current to a very low level to protect the power equipment in DC systems. The main part of R-SFCLs are superconducting tapes. When short-circuit faults occur in the system, the superconducting tapes will quench and become a large quenched resistor to limit the fault current. The surrounding magnetic fields and the magnetic fields caused by the superconducting tapes itself influence the quench characteristics of the superconducting tapes of R-SFCLs. Thus, the current limiting characteristics of R-SFCLs will also be affected. Until present, very few studies have investigated the effects of magnetic fields on quench characteristics of superconducting tapes for DC R-SFCL. The objective of this paper is to obtain the effects of magnetic fields on quench characteristics of superconducting tapes for DC R-SFCL. Two different kinds of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) tapes are studied under a permanent magnetic field of 0, 42.4, 75.9, 122.9 mT, respectively. One is from Shanghai Superconductor Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China, type ST-12-L (named SC_SH) and the other is from American Superconductor Inc. Boston, MA, USA, type 8602 (named SC_8602). The research results show that the magnetic fields influence both the amplitude and the rising rate of the quenched resistance of an SC_SH tape. Under the same magnetic field, both the speed of quenching and the quenching resistance of SC_SH tape are larger than them of SC_8602 when the prospective current exceeds 800 A. Thus SC_SH tape can limit the fault current faster and to a lower level.

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