scholarly journals Effect of age on the host-feeding activity of Ixodes nipponensis nymphs (Acarina : Ixodidae) exposed to short-day photoperiods

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi FUJIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Effect Of Age

scholarly journals Anthonomus rubi on Strawberry Fruit: Its Biology, Ecology, Damage, and Control from an IPM Perspective

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Tonina ◽  
Giulia Zanettin ◽  
Paolo Miorelli ◽  
Simone Puppato ◽  
Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
North East ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Anthonomus Rubi ◽  
And Control

The strawberry blossom weevil (SBW), Anthonomus rubi, is a well-documented pest of strawberry. Recently, in strawberry fields of Trento Province (north-east Italy), new noteworthy damage on fruit linked to SBW adults was observed, combined with a prolonged adult activity until the autumn. In this new scenario, we re-investigated SBW biology, ecology, monitoring tools, and potential control methods to develop Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. Several trials were conducted on strawberry in the laboratory, field and semi-natural habitats. The feeding activity of adult SBW results in small deep holes on berries at different stages, causing yield losses of up to 60%. We observed a prolonged survival of newly emerged adults (>240 days) along with their ability to sever flower buds without laying eggs inside them in the same year (one generation per year). SBW adults were present in the strawberry field year-round, with movement between crop and no crop habitats, underlying a potential role of other host/feeding plants to support its populations. Yellow sticky traps combined with synthetic attractants proved promising for both adult monitoring and mass trapping. Regarding control, adhesive tapes and mass trapping using green bucket pheromone traps gave unsatisfactory results, while the high temperatures provided by the black fabric, the periodic removal of severed buds or adults and Chlorpyrifos-methyl application constrained population build-up. The findings are important for the development of an IPM strategy.

Effect of age and hunger on host-feeding behaviour by femaleTrichogramma euproctidis(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Émilie Lessard ◽  
Guy Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Strategic Choice ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Duration Distribution ◽  
Adult Parasitoid ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractAdult parasitoid females can obtain proteins and lipid by consuming the haemolymph of their host. InTrichogrammaWestwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) species, host feeding on the host egg occurs after oviposition and leads to smaller offspring. We tested the effect of age and hunger on host-feeding behaviour of femaleTrichogramma euproctidisGirault. Young and old females, either starved, water fed, or honey fed, were observed and the host-feeding frequency, duration, distribution, and number of hosts used for nutrition were measured. The sex ratio (proportion of males) allocated to parasitised hosts where host feeding occurred and time taken to parasitise 10 hosts (indicator of female mobility) were also noted. The majority of females host fed on the first host encountered. Age had no impact on frequency, duration, number of hosts used, and mobility ofT. euproctidis. Starved females host fed longer and were less mobile. The sex ratio of the progeny emerging from the first host parasitised was more male biased when host feeding occurred. Host feeding had no effect on the sex ratio deposited elsewhere in the sequence of hosts encountered. Age of female had no effect on host feeding, possibly because host feeding incurs little cost for this species. To host feed on the first host parasitised, in which a male is allocated, is less costly in terms of fitness and represents a strategic choice for the female.

Effect of age at initiation of short-day treatment on earliness to flower in three Stylosanthes guianensis genotypes

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Miles
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
Inductive Photoperiod ◽  
Effect Of Age

The number of days from planting to flowering and number of short-day (9 h) cycles to flowering of three Stylosanthes guianensis genotypes were evaluated on seedlings grown for 0, 4, 8, 12, or 16 weeks under natural (approximately 12 h) photoperiod before the start of the short-day treatment. Untreated controls grown continuously under the natural photoperiod were included. All genotypes responded to short-day treatment, flowering earlier than the controls. Differences among genotypes in number of days to flower and in number of short-day cycles to flower under each treatment were found. The number of short-day cycles to flower decreased with increasing age at the start of the short-day treatment, indicating an initial, non-receptive juvenile period. The duration of the juvenile period differed with genotype and was prolonged under short photoperiod. Differences among genotypes in the duration of the juvenile period were not related to differences in growth rate as measured by main stem length. The plant age at the start of short-day treatment that resulted in minimum time to flower ranged among genotypes from 4-1 2 weeks. Initial plant growth under long, non-inductive photoperiod at photosynthetic light intensity with subsequent short-day treatment should decrease time to flower for short-day types of S. guianensis, resulting in a decrease in generation time of glasshouse-grown plants.

Seasonal variation in the population dynamics ofCaryophyllaeus laticeps

Parasitology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Adult Parasite ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
The Stability

SummaryThe biological parameters which generate seasonal fluctuations in the size of populations ofCaryophyllaeus laticepsare examined in detail. A mathematical model is formulated to describe the dynamics of the adult parasite within the fish hostAbramis brama, and the predictions of the model are compared with observed population data.The seasonality of parasite population size is shown to be caused by the combined effects of a temperature dependent mortality rate and fluctuations in host feeding activity, which controls the immigration rate of larval parasites. The observed overdispersed distribution of adult parasite numbers within the host population is shown to be generated by variability in feeding habits between individual members of the fish population.The theoretical population model is used as a framework for the investigation of, among other factors, the comparative influences of the immigration and death rates on the dynamics of the adult parasite, the future behaviour of the system under altered environmental conditions and the importance of chance effects in the dynamics of individual parasite populations within a single host.The stability of the dynamics of the complete life-cycle ofC. laticepsis discussed in relation to the inherent biological complexity of host/helminth parasite interactions.

ORTHOSIA HIBISCI GUENÉE (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE): INDIGENOUS PARASITOIDS AND THE IMPACT OF EARINUS LIMITARUS (SAY) (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE) ON ITS HOST FEEDING ACTIVITY

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Cossentine ◽  
L.B. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
The South ◽  
Minor Significance ◽  
Compsilura Concinnata ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Indigenous Parasitoids

AbstractA 3-year survey of apple and cherry orchards in the interior of British Columbia revealed that speckled green fruitworm, Orthosia hibisci, is the dominant fruitworm species in the south of the Okanagan Valley. Larvae of speckled green fruitworm collected from orchards that used no or minimal insecticides experienced 22.5–29.0% parasitism in 1988–1990. Earinus limitarus was responsible for 98.9% of the parasitism in the 3 years. Parasitoids of minor significance included a Meteorus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Compsilura concinnata (Mg.) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Data from laboratory trials indicated that feeding by O. hibisci in the fifth and sixth instars was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced when larvae were parasitized by E. limitarus. Orthosia hibisci in the second through sixth instars in sleeve cages damaged developing apples in the field. Earinus limitarus appears able to reduce O. hibisci numbers for the following year as well as immediate host feeding damage in at least the last two instars.

scholarly journals Anatomical, morphological, and physiological responses of two sugarcane genotypes of contrasting susceptibility to Mahanarva fimbriolata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-564
Author(s):  
C.G. Melo ◽  
A.C. Tomaz ◽  
B.O. Soares ◽  
K.N. Kuki ◽  
L.A. Peternelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Vascular Cylinder ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Dry Biomass

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate and compare root morpho-anatomical traits and physiological responses of susceptible (SP81–3250) and resistant (H. Kawandang) sugarcane genotypes exposed to the attack by nymphs of spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). Two experiments were conducted to compare the damage caused by spittlebug nymphs on fresh and dry biomass weight; lignin content in stalks; root anatomy; chlorophyll content; photosynthetic rate (A); carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci); stomatal conductance (gS) and transpiration rate (E) of these genotypes. SP81–3250 consistently obtained significantly higher damage scores than H. Kawandang in both experiments, confirming the previously observed level of resistance in each genotype. Attack by spittlebug nymphs had a much higher effect on both fresh and dry biomass weight, chlorophyll content, A, A/Ci, gs and E of SP81–3250, than that on H. Kawandang. Anatomical studies indicated the presence of aerenchyma tissue in the root cortex of SP81–3250, a feature which may facilitate penetration of the nymph's stylet into the vascular cylinder. In contrast, roots of H. Kawandang are characterized by having more dense and compact parenchyma cells. In addition, infested plants of this genotype contained an unidentified mucilaginous compound in the vascular cylinder of the roots. We conclude that resistance of H. Kawandang to spittlebug is related to the ability of this genotype to maintain normal chlorophyll content, as well as stomatal conductance and photosynthesis, thus, allowing for biomass accumulation under spittlebug attack, in contrast to SP81–3250. In addition, the presence of more compact and denser parenchymal cells, as well as that of an induced mucilaginous compound in the root's vascular cylinder, are likely to hinder host-feeding activity in nymphs, causing higher nymph mortality and therefore, reduced damage in plants of this genotype.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document