scholarly journals Comparative effects of insecticides against Millipedes, Oxidus gracilis (Koch)

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Katsumi Saito ◽  
Shunnosuke Hirakoso ◽  
Tokuko Umino
Keyword(s):  
Oxidus Gracilis

IPM of Occasional Urban Invader Pest Species1

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur G. Appel
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Invader Species ◽  
Oxidus Gracilis

Occasional invader species include a variety of arthropods such as amphipods, centipedes, insects, millipedes, pill and sowbugs, scorpions, and spiders as well as nonarthropod mollusks and worms. These species present unique challenges for development of effective IPM programs. Most occasional invaders are susceptible to desiccation and temperature extremes or are in a wandering or migration phase of their life cycle. Environmental factors such as weather and the condition of homes and home landscapes affect occasional invader infestations. Successful IPM programs have been developed for the garden millipede, Oxidus gracilis Koch, and the smokybrown cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville). Both programs rely primarily on habitat modification based on pest biology. Results indicate that these occasional invaders can be managed without resorting to broadcast application of nonspecific insecticides.

scholarly journals Congregating behavior and response to resource distribution of the Green House Millipede, Oxidus gracilis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Bulpitt
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Field Recording ◽  
Litter Cover ◽  
Rock Cover ◽  
Oxidus Gracilis ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Background. Congregating behaviors, though common among many animal species, are little studied among millipedes. It is also unclear to what extent abiotic factors influence the distribution and behavior of millipedes. The species Oxidus gracilis was surveyed around several streams on the island of Mo’orea along with soil moisture, leaf litter cover, and rock cover. Experiments were designed in order to determine how an innate congregating behavior may affect their distributions. Methods. Fifteen transects were performed in the field, recording O. gracilis abundances and the three environmental factors every 1 m. Forty trials were performed using covered bins filled with soil and five fruits of the Tahitian chestnut tree (Inocarpus fagifer). Ten millipedes were placed in the box and left for an hour, after which the number of individuals per fruit was recorded. Results. It was found that while none of the three environmental factors were strong indicators of the distribution of O. gracilis , individuals did in fact demonstrate a tendency to congregate in the experimental trials. Discussion. The lack of significant relationships with the three environmental parameters suggests a generalist behavior of this millipede species, potentially benefitting its invasive nature. The congregating behavior could potentially be for the purposes of mating or defense. Although not studied in this paper, it is possible that conspecific chemical cues are responsible.

On the biochemical basis of HCN production in the millipede Harpaphe haydeniana (Xystodesmidae: Polydesmida)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Duffey ◽  
G. H. N. Towers
Keyword(s):  
Immediate Release ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Large Droplet ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Hydroxynitrile Lyase ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Oxidus Gracilis ◽  
Reaction Chambers

Harpaphe haydeniana was shown to synthesize HCN and benzaldehyde in a manner similar to that of plants. By the injection of appropriate 14C precursors it was possible to isolate small quantities of the radioactive intermediates, phenylacetaldoxime, phenylacetonitrile, a glycoside of mandelonitrile, and mandelonitrile. The millipede stores a large droplet of D-mandelonitrile ((R)-mandelonitrile) in the storage vestibule of each cyanogenic gland.Mandelonitrile dissociates in vivo to HCN and benzaldehyde. The HCN is incorporated into β-cyanoalanine and asparagine. and benzaldehyde is oxidized to P-hydroxybenzoic acid.Two enzymes, β-glucosidase and α-hydroxynitrile lyase, were detected in paranotal extracts of H. haydeniana. The α-hydroxynitrile lyase is restricted to the reaction chamber of the cyanogenic gland and functions to promote the immediate release of HCN. It was also detected in freshly excreted glandular fluid of Oxidus gracilis, Sigmoria nantahalae, Cherokia georgiana, and Cleptoria rileyi. The pH of the fluid in these reaction chambers was found to be about 4, which corresponds to the pH optimum of the lyase.

scholarly journals Initial defensive secretory compounds emitted from the live millipede and the induction of apoptotic cell death

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junsei Taira ◽  
Miki Tamashiro ◽  
Kaori Naka ◽  
Sahori Gakiya ◽  
Kazuyo Taira
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
The Body ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Oxidus Gracilis ◽  
On Line ◽  
Plant Metabolite

AbstractThe initial defensive secretory compounds emitted from a live millipede have not yet been clarified. This study focused on elucidating the initial secretory compounds emitted from a live millipede. Pre-concentration of the defensive secretory volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the live Polidesmida millipedes, Chamberlinius hualienensis and Oxidus gracilis, was performed using a three-stage VOC concentration technique by an on-line GC/MS system. As a result, the monoterpenes derived from the plant metabolite; i.e., α-pinene, α-thujene, β-pinene, 3-carene, β-myrcene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, o,m,p-cymenes, limonene and camphene were first detected as the initial secretory substances. It was elucidated that some plant monoterpenes have a repellent effect and antifungal and antibacterial actions which are used as defensive substances. In addition, this study also confirmed that these monoterpenes induced apoptotic cell death involved in the induction of the caspase 3/7 activity. The millipede feeds on fallen or withered leaves containing the monoterpenes. Thus, the millipede accumulates the plant defensive secretions in the exocrine defense glands of the body somites, which would be used as against predators.

scholarly journals The cyanide gland of the greenhouse millipede, Oxidus gracilis (Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e12249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Pearsons ◽  
István Mikó ◽  
John Tooker
Keyword(s):  
Oxidus Gracilis

scholarly journals RELAÇÕES FISIOECOLÓGICAS NO DIPLÓPODO Oxidus gracilis (POLYDESMIDA, STRONGYLOSOMIDADE): O CONSUMO DE OXIGÊNIO EM RELAÇÃO AO TAMANHO, SEXO E CONDIÇÃO ALIMENTAR

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ricardo Santos Silva ◽  
Carlos Henrique Silva Penteado ◽  
Lilian Boccardo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidus Gracilis

O consumo de oxigênio do diplópodo Oxidus gracilis foi determinado em respirômetro de Warburg, a 25 ºC, em 21 machos e 24 fêmeas, com a finalidade de estudar as relações fisioecológicas e metabólicas com o tamanho, sexo e condição alimentar. Expressando o metabolismo ou consumo horário de oxigênio (M) em função da massa corpórea (P) e usando regressões logarítmicas, os resultados da equação alométrica M = a. Pb, foram: M = 2,589. P0,89 para os machos, M = 2,715.P0,78 para as fêmeas e M = 2,6814.P0,86 para ambos os sexos, conjuntamente. Os coeficientes de regressão (índices de b) obtidos indicaram que o metabolismo respiratório de Oxidus gracilis fica num nível intermediário de dependência, entre a massa e a superfície corpórea. Os efeitos da condição alimentar foram avaliados em diplópodos recémalimentados e jejunos de 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. Ao final do 5º dia (96 h) a massa corpórea teve uma redução de 21,46% e o consumo de oxigênio de 52,37%. Em ambos os casos as reduções foram significativas (P < 0,05). A despeito de que nenhuma morte tenha ocorrido durante o período estudado, concluiu-se que o estresse provocado pelo jejum alimentar produz mudanças mais acentuadas no metabolismo do que na massa corpórea de Oxidus gracilis.

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