2. Two Visions of the Relationship between Individual and Society: The Bell Curve versus Social Structure and Personality

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-51 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Bell Curve ◽  
Curve Versus ◽  
The Relationship

Deepening a Sense of Being Taiwanese

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 366-390
Author(s):  
Shu-ling Yeh ◽  
Ying-Cheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
Taiwanese Identity ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Core Part

Abstract This paper examines how the Amis, the largest indigenous community in Taiwan, draw on their Catholic faith to understand what it means to be Taiwanese. For over a century, the Amis were treated as marginalised citizens by the Japanese colonial government and the Han-Chinese Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo. Their predicament changed when political priorities shifted from cultural assimilation to multiculturalism after 1987. Successive Taiwanese governments since then have actively sought to incorporate indigenous culture as a core part of Taiwanese identity. Focusing on how the Amis intertwined their adopted Catholic notions and practices with pre-Christian ideas, social structure, and rituals, this paper demonstrates the ways in which the Amis carve out a place for themselves in wider Taiwanese society. It adds to ongoing discussions about the relationship between conversion and cultural transformation in Oceania by arguing that Catholicism empowered the Amis to deepen their sense of belonging to the island republic and, for the first time, assert themselves fully as Taiwanese.

Community, Class, and Kinship—Bases for Collective Action within Localities

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R Hall ◽  
D C Thorns ◽  
W E Willmott
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
Subjective Meaning ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between community and class has largely been neglected. In this paper, this relationship is focused upon, and a model is developed which allows the identification of significant aspects of locality and class relationships. The model identifies three sets of relationships, those based on propinquity, those based on property, and those based on kinship, and argues that the basis of communion within a locality can be found within any one of these three main sets of relationships. The research which stimulated this paper started with a focus upon the relationship between space and class as expressed in the pattern of landownership. Working from this beginning point, the analysis moves to examine the nature of boundaries and the structure of local organisations which constitute ‘latent’ community. A further dimension, which was pivotal in many traditional rural community studies, is then explored, namely kinship. For each of these three sets of relationships, it is possible to identify objective patterns based upon boundaries and upon local organisation, property ownership, and kin connections. The process by which these objective relationships acquire subjective meaning is similar in each of the three cases. The possibility both of contradiction and of reinforcement therefore exists in the development of communion within localities. The conditions under which propinquity produces community through the development of subjective consciousness are then explored. In the conclusions a number of issues are highlighted which are brought into focus by this approach. These are the interconnections of community and class, the relationship between transience and social structure, and between male mateship and egalitarianism, the role of gender within communities, and, finally, the relationship between localities and the wider society.

Challenges in the Countryside, 1790–2

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelle Plack
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Revolution

The Revolution’s interaction with, and impact upon, the countryside during the years 1790–2 is the focus of this chapter. Rural unrest continued during these years and the relationship between legislators in Paris and a diverse peasantry evolved and often exhibited signs of conflict, tension, negotiation, and compromise. The chapter traces and addresses several key issues: the new laws on feudalism, taxation, and land holding as well as the religious schisms of 1791–2. Many of these had a different dynamic and outcome according to place and social structure, yet it is argued that the peasantry, in concert with urban legislators, helped to shape the aims, meaning, and course of the Revolution in the countryside.

scholarly journals Die relasie tussen grondbesit en die sosiale struktuur van Palestina in die Herodiaanse tyd

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Volschenk
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Land Tenancy ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between land tenancy and social struc-ture of Palestine in the Herodian eraThe article describes the relationship between land tenancy and social structure of Palestine. Secondly it describes the conflicting percep-tions of land tenancy within the social structure of Palestine. The conflicting perceptions of land tenancy led to conflict between the elite and the peasants. This conflict was intensified by the hierarchical social structure of Palestine. The article concludes that the use of the social scientific model of the social structure of Palestine prevents anachronism and reductionism in the interpretation of biblical evidence regarding land tenancy.

A Materialistic Concept of Planning and Participation

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bent Flyvbjerg ◽  
Verner C. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Social Totality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Planning and participation are concepts which can be interpreted in different ways. Traditional planning theory offers mostly subjective-idealistic interpretations. These interpretations are not very helpful in answering why ideas, methods, and practices of planning appear as they do. A prerequisite for answering such questions is a theoretical understanding of the relationship of planning to social totality, i.e. to basic political, social, economic and ideological conditions. Capital-logic and ‘structure-logic’ theories of social structure and development offer frameworks for analysis. Both, however, lead to functionalist explanations, and imply mechanical determinism. A more dialectical conception is necessary, emphasizing both the objective and the subjective aspects of planning and development.

Social Structure and Party Support in the East Asian Democracies

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian McAllister
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Party System ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Party Support ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Relationship

A stable and effective party system depends on consistent and enduring support from social groups. Using the Lipset-Rokkan paradigm as a point of departure, this article tests the relationship between social structure and party support in four East Asian democracies (Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, and Taiwan) and two Western democracies (Australia and New Zealand) using the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems. Using Australia and New Zealand as a reference point, the results show that the four Lipset-Rokkan social cleavages are only loosely related to party support in the four East Asian nations, mainly through center-periphery and urban-rural divisions. The absence of an owner-worker cleavage is explained by the suppression of labor-based parties in these countries. More generally, the results suggest the importance of the socializing experiences associated with the democratic transitions in each of the four newer democracies.

The social structure of free and open source software development

First Monday ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Crowston ◽  
James Howison
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Development Teams ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bug Tracking ◽  
The Relationship

Metaphors, such as the Cathedral and Bazaar, used to describe the organization of FLOSS projects typically place them in sharp contrast to proprietary development by emphasizing FLOSS’s distinctive social and communications structures. But what do we really know about the communication patterns of FLOSS projects? How generalizable are the projects that have been studied? Is there consistency across FLOSS projects? Questioning the assumption of distinctiveness is important because practitioner–advocates from within the FLOSS community rely on features of social structure to describe and account for some of the advantages of FLOSS production. To address this question, we examined 120 project teams from SourceForge, representing a wide range of FLOSS project types, for their communications centralization as revealed in the interactions in the bug tracking system. We found that FLOSS development teams vary widely in their communications centralization, from projects completely centered on one developer to projects that are highly decentralized and exhibit a distributed pattern of conversation between developers and active users. We suggest, therefore, that it is wrong to assume that FLOSS projects are distinguished by a particular social structure merely because they are FLOSS. Our findings suggest that FLOSS projects might have to work hard to achieve the expected development advantages which have been assumed to flow from "going open." In addition, the variation in communications structure across projects means that communications centralization is useful for comparisons between FLOSS teams. We found that larger FLOSS teams tend to have more decentralized communication patterns, a finding that suggests interesting avenues for further research examining, for example, the relationship between communications structure and code modularity.

The Structure of the German Elites across Regime Changes

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Scheuch
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Weimar Republic ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Political History ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractGermany is an especially apt case to analyze the relationship between regime change and elite continuity. Its political history between 1860 and 1960 is marked by an unusual degree of turmoil. While the first level of leadership in politics, and to a lesser degree in business and administration, was affected by the various regime changes, the levels two and three much less so. The notable characteristic of Germany's social structure is the pervasiveness of corporatism, and this is especially pronounced in levels two and three of the leadership. We concentrated on the periods before 1914, the halfway revolution of 1918-1920, the Weimar Republic in its closing days, the ascent to power of the nazi leadership, the post-1945 attempts of denazification, and finally on the composition and the modus operandi of leadership groups in the 1990s. During all these changes the elites in Germany retained their segmentalized character, with the economic leaders, the bureaucrats, and politicians at the center, the politicians deriving their influence from their function as linking agents in a segmentalized structure. There are indications, however, that an establishment may be in the making.

scholarly journals Social Mobility and Class Formation: The Worklife Social Mobility of Men in a New Zealand Suburb, 1902–1928

1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Olssen ◽  
Hamish James
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Political History ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Class Formation ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

This paper explores the relationship between social mobility and class formation in a working-class industrial suburb. By establishing the degree of class closure in three periods we can identify the relationship between the country's political history, dominated by the rise of a left-wing Labour Party, and the changing levels of closure. Labour established itself during a period of low mobility then stalled when mobility increased sharply in the 1920s. Comparison with the mobility rates for cities in other countries allows further analysis of the relationship between social structure and political behaviour. Our evidence indicates that voters were not unconscious of the shifting patterns of class rigidity.

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