EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL IMMOBILIZATION IN CAPTIVE BLACK BEARS (URSUS AMERICANUS) RECEIVING A COMBINATION OF NALBUPHINE, MEDETOMIDINE, AND AZAPERONE

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa L. Wolfe ◽  
Mary E. Wood ◽  
Mark C. Fisher ◽  
Michael A. Sirochman
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Chemical Immobilization

scholarly journals Methods for Capturing Free-Ranging Black Bears, Ursus americanus, in Difficult Locations

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Chemical Immobilization ◽  
Free Ranging

Long-term research or monitoring studies involving radiomarked Black Bears (Ursus americanus) conducted in areas with high human and road densities may require that radiocollars be replaced or bears recaptured for other purposes. The use of trained bear hounds is particularly suited to recapturing specific bears. However, in certain situations, hounds may not be used safely or bears may seek refuge in difficult locations. Effectiveness of two methods to capture bears via remote darting and chemical immobilization are described: (1) stalking and rushing females with cubs; and (2) allowing treed bears to descend. Both methods rely on assumptions about Black Bear behavior. Nine captures of eight individual bears are discussed; one bear drowned after being immobilized, and all others survived >5 months after capture.

Microsatellite population structure of Newfoundland black bears (Ursus americanus hamiltoni)

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dawn Marshall ◽  
Edward S. Yaskowiak ◽  
Casidhe Dyke ◽  
Elizabeth A. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Postglacial Colonization ◽  
Correct Assignment ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
F Statistics

We investigated population structure of black bears ( Ursus americanus hamiltoni Cameron, 1957) from insular Newfoundland using the microsatellite profiles of 12 loci from three broadly distributed areas (Northern, Baie Verte, and Bonavista peninsulas). Our goals were to revisit earlier findings of low heterozygosity in Newfoundland and increase knowledge of intraspecific variability in black bears, and make inferences about postglacial colonization and contemporary movements of island black bears. Ninety-three individuals (42 males) were identified among 543 hair samples: 21 from Bonavista, 25 from Northern Peninsula, and 47 from Baie Verte. Genetic diversity is relatively low (HE = 0.42) and decreases from northwest to southeast. Small but significant subpopulation differentiation revealed by F statistics is greatest between Northern and Baie Verte peninsulas; it is lower and comparable in the remaining pairwise comparisons. We hypothesize that postglacial colonization proceeded from the Northern Peninsula southeastward. Bears migrated from the Northern Peninsula to Baie Verte at some more distant time in the past, then diverged by genetic drift. More recently, migration occurred from these two populations to Bonavista, characterized by positive FIS indicative of admixture. Tests of biased dispersal and posterior probability of correct assignment to locality reveal contemporary movements of both males and females with historical dispersal attributable to males.

Hibernating black bears have blood chemistry and plasma amino acid profiles that are indicative of long-term adaptive fasting

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
T D Lohuis ◽  
T D.I Beck ◽  
H J Harlow
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Protein Conservation ◽  
Branched Chain

Blood samples were drawn from six black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) active in the summer and six others in early and late hibernation. Plasma urea:creatinine ratios and concentrations of amino acids, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase dropped during the winter denning season, suggesting a decreased protein breakdown. Fifteen amino acids (3 branched chain and 12 glucogenic) were lower in the early winter than in the summer, but 6 of these amino acids rose back to summer levels by the late denning season. Hydroxyproline and glycine were also elevated during late winter, suggesting an increase in collagen breakdown. This profile suggests a dynamic process of adaptive fasting and protein conservation during the winter with a mobilization of non-myofibrilar collagen and perhaps smooth muscle protein reserves to augment a potential but slight increased breakdown of skeletal muscle during the late winter.

Sperm ultrastructure, morphometry, and abnormal morphology in American black bears (Ursus americanus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1403-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F.C. Brito ◽  
P.L. Sertich ◽  
G.B. Stull ◽  
W. Rives ◽  
M. Knobbe
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Sperm Ultrastructure ◽  
Abnormal Morphology ◽  
American Black ◽  
American Black Bears

LEPTOSPIROSIS IN URBAN AND SUBURBAN AMERICAN BLACK BEARS (URSUS AMERICANUS) IN WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrani Sasmal ◽  
Nicholas P. Gould ◽  
Krysten L. Schuler ◽  
Yung-Fu Chang ◽  
Anil Thachil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Western North Carolina ◽  
American Black ◽  
American Black Bears

ASSAYS FOR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF MANGE IN FREE-RANGING BLACK BEARS (URSUS AMERICANUS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Peltier ◽  
Justin D. Brown ◽  
Mark A. Ternent ◽  
Heather Fenton ◽  
Kevin D. Niedringhaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Free Ranging

Seroprevalence of Sarcoptes scabiei in Free-Ranging Black Bears (Ursus americanus) in Eastern North Carolina, USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Houck ◽  
Colleen Olfenbuttel ◽  
Michael Stoskopf ◽  
Suzanne Kennedy-Stoskopf
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Eastern North Carolina ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Behavior in Free-Living American Black Bear Dens: Parturition, Maternal Care, and Cub Behavior

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1123
Author(s):  
Lynn L. Rogers ◽  
Linda McColley ◽  
Janet Dalton ◽  
Jim Stroner ◽  
Douglas Hajicek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
American Black Bear ◽  
Eye Opening ◽  
American Black

Denning behavior has long remained the least observed aspect of bear behavior. During 2010–2013, we used webcams, microphones, the internet, and 14,602 h of archived video to document the denning behaviors of two adult wild black bears (Ursus americanus) as they gave birth and cared for four litters through six winters in northeastern Minnesota. Observations included types of dens, labor, pre-parturient genital swelling, birthing positions, post-partum vocalizations, mothers removing amniotic tissues and warming newborn cubs in sub-freezing temperatures, frequency of nursing, cubs establishing nipple order, yearlings suckling, the ingestion of snow and icicles, the ingestion of foot pads, urination and defecation in latrine areas, toilet-licking, eye opening, reciprocal tongue-licking, play, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and possible dreaming, and reactions to wildlife intruders. The use of this new method for observing natural bear dens allowed the identification of many behaviors undescribed for any species of wild bear in dens. We also discuss the need for future studies and how the depth and duration of black bear hibernation varies with body condition and geographic region.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Variation in Skull Size and Shape Between Newfoundland and Mainland Populations of North American Black Bears, Ursus americanus

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Virgl ◽  
Shane P. Mahoney ◽  
Kim Mawhinney
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Skull Shape ◽  
Skull Size ◽  
Environmental Selection ◽  
Gape Size

It is well recognized that differences in environmental selection pressures among populations can generate phenotypic divergence in a suite of morphological characteristics and associated life history traits. Previous analysis of mitochondrial DNA and body size have suggested that Black Bears (Ursus americanus) inhabiting the island of Newfoundland represent a different subspecies or ecotype from mainland populations. Assuming that body size covaries positively with skull size, we predicted that skull size would be greater for bears on the island than the mainland, and the distribution of size-related shape components in multivariate space should show a distinct separation between Newfoundland and mainland populations. Measurements of 1080 specimens from Newfoundland, Alberta, New York, and Quebec did not provide unequivocal support for our prediction that skull size in Newfoundland bears would be larger than bears from the mainland populations. After removing ontogenetic effects of skull size, between-population variation in skull shape was greater in females than males, and the analysis significantly separated Newfoundland bears from mainland populations. Explanations for this pattern are numerous, but currently remain hypothetical. Limited covariation between skull size and body size suggests that genetic traits regulating the size of Black Bear skulls are more heritable (i.e., less influenced by environmental selection pressures) than characteristics affecting body size. We hypothesize that if gape size does not limit prey size in solitary terrestrial carnivores, large degrees of among-population variation in body size should be coupled with little covariation in skull size. In general, sexual dimorphism in skull size and shape was marginal for the phenotypic characters measured in our study. We believe that sexual dimorphism in skull size in Black Bears is primarily driven by intrasexual selection in males for increased gape size display, while similarity in skull shape between sexes is associated with the constraints of a temporally-selective, but similar diet.

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