Blood Biochemical Reference Intervals for Wild Ornate Box Turtles (Terrapene ornata) during the Active Season

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Anne Harden ◽  
Jennifer Fernandez ◽  
Joseph R. Milanovich ◽  
Brock P. Struecker ◽  
Stephen R. Midway
Keyword(s):  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Terrapene Ornata ◽  
Box Turtles

scholarly journals Blood Biochemical Reference Intervals for Free-Ranging Olive Baboons (Papio anubis) in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Mathew Mutinda ◽  
Margaret C. Crofoot ◽  
Jennifer C. Kishbaugh ◽  
Lee-Ann C. Hayek ◽  
Dawn Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Olive Baboons ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Free Ranging

PREVALENCE OF INTRAERYTHROCYTIC PARASITES IN MAROCHELYS TEMMINCKII, EMYDOIDEA BLANDINGII, TERRAPENE CAROLINA CAROLINA, AND TERRAPENE ORNATA ORNATA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Doke ◽  
Kara Hiebert ◽  
Melanie Repella ◽  
Megan Stuart ◽  
Lauren Mumm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Classes ◽  
Emydoidea Blandingii ◽  
Terrapene Carolina ◽  
Terrapene Ornata ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Box Turtles ◽  
Eastern Box Turtles ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Terrapene Carolina Carolina ◽  
Free Ranging

Few studies have characterized the prevalence of intraerythrocytic parasites in free-ranging chelonian populations or their occurrence across habitats. It is hypothesized that chelonians in different habitats have different exposures to vectors and thus, differences in hemoparasite presence. This study explored the prevalence and intensity of intraerythrocytic parasites by examining blood smears from four species of Illinois turtles: wild Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii), eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) (EBT), and ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata ornata) (OBT) and headstarted alligator snapping turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) (AST). Intraerythrocytic parasites were identified in all examined species except for the alligator snapping turtle. For all age classes, Blanding’s turtles had both the highest prevalence of hemoparasites and intensity of infection of all sampled species, while adult Blanding’s turtles had a significantly higher prevalence than juveniles (P<0.05). As this is the first study of hemoparasites in Illinois chelonians, further research is needed to identify the specific species of intraerythrocytic parasite, the potential vectors, and the effect these hemoparasites have on the health of chelonians.

Establishing reference intervals of 20 biochemical markers for children in Southwestern Fujian, China based on the UniCel DxC 800 system

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-443
Author(s):  
Jiming Li ◽  
Huifen Zhang ◽  
Haichen Chen ◽  
Yuebin Gan ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Indirect Bilirubin ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Background To date, China has no industry standard for reference intervals of paediatric blood biochemical markers. This study aimed to evaluate changes in biochemical markers in the venous blood of healthy children aged 29 days to 12 years, derived from the UniCel DxC 800 system, and establish appropriate reference intervals. Methods We analysed venous blood from 1980 healthy children for 20 biochemical markers. Reference intervals were established according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute C28-A3c guideline and compared with those of adults in China. Results All markers except for sodium and chlorine required partitioning by age, but not by sex. The reference intervals of total protein, albumin, globulin, carbon dioxide, urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid consistently increased with age in children, but were always lower than those of adults. Children aged 29 days to 12 years had a single combined RI for sodium and chloride, respectively; although the reference intervals in children were similar to those of adults, their upper limits were lower. The reference intervals of direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus continued to decline with age. The reference intervals of total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase initially declined followed by a slight rebound. Conclusions While establishing reference intervals, most markers required partitioning by age (aged 29 days to 12 years); the partitioning scheme differed for each marker, and paediatric reference intervals differed from those for adults. It is therefore necessary to establish separate paediatric reference intervals.

Thread trailing of turtles: methods for evaluating spatial movements and pathway structure

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2120-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Claussen ◽  
Michael S. Finkler ◽  
Meghan M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Directional Bias ◽  
Turning Angle ◽  
Nebraska Sand Hills ◽  
Terrapene Ornata ◽  
Similar Information ◽  
Box Turtles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Mean Vector

Although many authors have used thread trailing to monitor movements of turtles and other vertebrates, most have evaluated only a portion of the information contained in these pathways. We describe ways of extracting information from thread trails by determining length of trail, mean distance moved per unit time, net displacement, area encompassed by the trail, mean turning angle, and mean vector length. We further describe and compare four measures of trail sinuosity, the ratio of greatest distance to length of path (d/L), the square root of the ratio of area to path length [Formula: see text], fractal dimension (D), and sinuosity (S); we then applied these methods to the trails of a population of ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata) from the Nebraska Sand Hills. Though preliminary, these data suggest that vegetation cover affects the sinuosity of turtle trails (based on D), that temperature affects the mean distance moved per day, that T. ornata ordinarily show little or no directional bias, and that injury can affect distance moved, trail sinuosity, and mean turning angle. Among these measures of trail sinuosity, D and S are highly correlated and provide similar information. Though less closely correlated with D and S, or with each other, [Formula: see text] and d/L also reflect trail sinuosity; of these indices, however, d/L best reflects trail directionality. This analysis suggests that a more comprehensive evaluation of pathways at this fine scale will provide new insights into the routine movements of animals.

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