scholarly journals Situating Boundary Work: Chronic Disease Prevention in Danish Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Kryger Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Professional Boundary ◽  
Lifestyle Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases ◽  
Depth Interviews

Noncommunicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, are the leading cause of death globally. This paper focuses on the boundary work among health professions involved in lifestyle-related preventive measures at Danish hospitals. Drawing on documents, qualitative in-depth interviews and extended conversations conducted with health professionals about goals, dilemmas, and practices related to lifestyle disease prevention, as well as site visits at Danish hospitals, it is identified which professional groups have claimed responsibility for the tasks, how they are defined, and through what kinds of interactions and infighting. The analysis grounds Abbott’s framework of jurisdictions and his meso-level vocabulary in a situated account of professional boundary work and follow the way nurses in particular create, and sometimes stabilize or standardize techniques for prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. It is demonstrated by different forms of boundary work how nurses work to extend, defend or refashion established work boundaries when handling these new tasks.

scholarly journals Situating Boundary Work: Chronic Disease Prevention in Danish Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Kryger Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Professional Boundaries ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Professional Boundary ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases ◽  
Depth Interviews

This paper investigates how health professions compete and cooperate in addressing emerging local work tasks defined in relation to new globalized health challenges, such as type 2 diabetes. It identifies which professional groups have claimed responsibility for the tasks and by means of which kinds of interactions and infighting. The materials entail workplace-related artefacts and documents; in-depth interviews and extended conversations with health professionals about goals, dilemmas, and practices linked to prevention of lifestyle-related diseases; and site visits at Danish hospitals. Grounding Abbott’s framework of jurisdictions and his meso-level vocabulary in a situated account of professional boundary work, the analysis follows the ways that nurses in particular create, and sometimes stabilize or standardize, techniques for a disease prevention programme less than a decade old. The paper argues that processual theory of boundary work would benefit from grounding in a situated account of forms of professional boundaries within emerging jurisdictional tasks.

scholarly journals Secondary prevention for non-communicable diseases at out-patient stage: schools of health for patients at municipal polyclinic

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera N. Larina ◽  
Sergei E. Kozyrev ◽  
Kirill E. Nazimkin ◽  
Olga V. Saino ◽  
Sergei L. Safarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Patient Survey ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Survey Results

Background. Currently, chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD) cause more than 2/3 of all deaths in the world. Despite the continuous improvement of approaches to drug therapy for chronic low risk infections, they can not be completely cured, and mortality tends to increase. In such conditions, the need for preventive measures comes to the fore. One of the approaches of secondary prevention is to educate patients in Health Schools, the goal of which is to reduce the incidence and progression of complications of NCD, reduce morbidity and mortality. Aim. The goal is to assess the attendance of Schools, the gender and sex composition of patients, the structure of educational activities. Methods. Аssessment of the work of the Health Schools through the analysis of patient case report stored in the clinic’s prevention department. The analysis of the cases was carried out taking into account the age, gender, and results of the patient survey. Results. The data obtained indicate a fairly uniform attendance at Health Schools. The School of Health in hypertension was the most visited (20% of the total attendance), the least - the School of Breast Health (less than 10% of the total attendance). Women visited Health Schools more often than men (71.2%). Men were more interested in the school on the general principles of healthy lifestyles and the School on quitting smoking. The main contingent of Health Schools is the elderly. The average age of the patients of the School for type 2 diabetes and healthy joints was about 65 years, and the School for hypertension - about 73 years. Conclusion. Due to patient education, it is possible to increase adherence to treatment prescribed by a doctor, reduce the effect of FR, help patients lead a healthier lifestyle.

scholarly journals Targeting Mitochondria in Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6642
Author(s):  
Nina Krako Jakovljevic ◽  
Kasja Pavlovic ◽  
Aleksandra Jotic ◽  
Katarina Lalic ◽  
Milica Stoiljkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Cellular Energy Metabolism ◽  
Data Comparison ◽  
Selection Of

Type 2 diabetes (T2D), one of the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases, is often preceded by insulin resistance (IR), which underlies the inability of tissues to respond to insulin and leads to disturbed metabolic homeostasis. Mitochondria, as a central player in the cellular energy metabolism, are involved in the mechanisms of IR and T2D. Mitochondrial function is affected by insulin resistance in different tissues, among which skeletal muscle and liver have the highest impact on whole-body glucose homeostasis. This review focuses on human studies that assess mitochondrial function in liver, muscle and blood cells in the context of T2D. Furthermore, different interventions targeting mitochondria in IR and T2D are listed, with a selection of studies using respirometry as a measure of mitochondrial function, for better data comparison. Altogether, mitochondrial respiratory capacity appears to be a metabolic indicator since it decreases as the disease progresses but increases after lifestyle (exercise) and pharmacological interventions, together with the improvement in metabolic health. Finally, novel therapeutics developed to target mitochondria have potential for a more integrative therapeutic approach, treating both causative and secondary defects of diabetes.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Professional Boundaries in-Action: Using Reflective Spaces for Boundary Work to Incorporate a New Health Care Role

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872672110103
Author(s):  
Nina Lunkka ◽  
Noora Jansson ◽  
Tuija Mainela ◽  
Marjo Suhonen ◽  
Merja Meriläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Professional Role ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Professional Boundaries ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
Professional Boundary

Prior research on professional boundary work emphasises the importance of subtle interactions among affected individuals when a new role is inserted into an established professional setting, which inevitably changes the prevalent division of labour. Thus, managers may set reflective spaces for professionals to collaboratively arrange their boundaries and make room for the new professional. This ethnomethodologically oriented study examines boundary arrangements in work development meetings in a university hospital, while professionals made room for a new role, a hospitalist. Examining professionals’ naturally occurring interactions in reflective spaces, the findings depict seven categorisations for the hospitalist. Elaborating on the dynamics of these categorisations, we propose that technically based categorisations sustain stability and context-bound categorisations allow change in work practices, whereas their combination enables transformation within the institutional context. Accordingly, the study adds to the literature on the transformative potential of reflective spaces by illuminating the intertwining of engaged professionals’ boundary talk-in-interaction with the consequences of configurational boundary work in relation to a new professional role.

FAMILY DIABETES AND MAIN NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES: THE DESCRIBED AND POTENTIAL EFFECT OF METFORMIN (remembering Vladimir Dilman)

2020 ◽  
pp. 713-720
Author(s):  
Л. М. Берштейн
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
The Family ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Antidiabetic Biguanides

Работа посвящена двум медико-биологическим проблемам - семейному диабету (имея в виду наличие случаев сахарного диабета 2-го типа в семье, в том числе в разных поколениях), а также особенностям его связей с основными неинфекционными заболеваниями человека и приурочена к юбилею известнейшего отечественного специалиста (теоретика и врача) в области геронтологии и эндокринологии профессора В. М. Дильмана. Широко признанные труды Владимира Михайловича, основанные на оригинальных идеях и породившие важные практические следствия (включая применение антидиабетических бигуанидов в не использовавшихся до него областях, необходимость устранения метаболической иммунодепрессии, учета изменений с возрастом на уровне гипоталамического порога в различных гомеостатических системах и целого ряда других предложений), как представляется, в течение долгого времени будут питать интеллектуальным материалом и стимулировать к дальнейшему поиску его последователей и специалистов, которым еще предстоит окунуться в область, очерченную В. М. Дильманом и интересовавшую его в течение многих лет. The work discusses the two biomedical problems: family diabetes (bearing in mind the presence of cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the family, including its different generations) and the features of relationship of family diabetes with major non-communicable human diseases (NCDs). The paper is timed to the anniversary of the famous - in our country and abroad - expert in the field of gerontology and endocrinology, Professor V. M. Dilman. The widely recognized works of V. M. Dilman, based on original ideas and giving rise to important practical consequences (including the use of antidiabetic biguanides in areas not studied before him, the need to eliminate metabolic immunodepression, to take into account the changes with age at the level of the hypothalamic threshold in various homeostatic systems and a whole number of other essential proposals), which for a long time, as it seems, will stimulate the further scientific search of his followers and specialists, who have yet to get acquainted with the area that attracted Prof. Dilman and interested him for many years.

scholarly journals What does ‘Culture’ Mean in French? A Theoretical Mapping and Fractal Analysis of the Sociology of Culture in France

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-455
Author(s):  
Olivier Alexandre
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Sociology Of Culture ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fractal Process ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article charts the development of the sociology of culture in France. First, it examines the hypothesis of a French model, putting into perspective the correlation between cultural policies and dedicated sociological inquiries at the end of the 1950s. ‘Culture’ is one of the oldest fields of research in France, and current research still derives from the same anthropological matrix. Yet French sociologists present themselves as part of a divided and competitive academic domain. This article, based on an encompassing review of the literature as well as on in-depth interviews, accordingly distinguishes eight different ‘schools’ – organized around pre-eminent academics, concept producers and resource providers – as well as circles of collaboration. Whilst these circles organize their theoretical activity around emblems (with the word ‘culture’ referring to different conceptual sets) the social relations in their midst are organized around dyads, which usually transition from positive collaboration to rivalry. The article highlights the importance of these divisions as a fractal process and as boundary work for scientific production. From this perspective, the sociology of culture in France could be described as a large and extensive system of concepts and collaborations developed within small groups, within and between which, as with all ‘cultural’ matters, symbolic activity is the key basis for social status.

scholarly journals The Active Role of Leguminous Plant Components in Type 2 Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gętek ◽  
Natalia Czech ◽  
Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń ◽  
Elżbieta Grochowska-Niedworok ◽  
Teresa Kokot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Leguminous Plants

Diabetes appears to be one of the most frequent noncommunicable diseases in the world. A permanent growth in the incidence of diabetes can be observed and according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) the year 2030 will mark the increase in the number of diabetics to 439 mln worldwide. Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% of all diabetes incidence. Nutrition model modification not only features the basic element in type 2 diabetes treatment but also constitutes the fundamental factor influencing a morbidity rate decrease. Leguminous plants are a key factor in the diabetic diet; plants such as pulses or soybeans are nutritious products valued highly in nutrition. These legumes are high in the content of wholesome protein and contain large amounts of soluble alimentary fiber fractions, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, and bioactive substances with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity. They are distinguished by the high amount of bioactive compounds that may interfere with the metabolism of glucose. The most significant bioactive compounds displaying antidiabetic activity in leguminous plants are as follows: genistein and daidzein, alpha-amylase inhibitors, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.In vitroresearch using leguminous plant extracts has confirmed their antidiabetic properties. Leguminous plants should be employed in the promotion of healthy lifestyles in terms of functional food.

Barriers and drivers regarding the use of mobile health applications among type 2 diabetes patients in the Netherlands: an explanatory sequential design (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marloes Bults ◽  
Catharina Margaretha Van Leersum ◽  
Theo Olthuis ◽  
Robin Bekhuis ◽  
Marjolein Elisabeth Maria Den Ouden
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Health ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Mobile Health Applications ◽  
Explanatory Sequential Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Health Applications

BACKGROUND In the Netherlands, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases and the number of patients is expected to increase in the coming years. Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, food intake and physical activity supports the self-management of patients with T2DM. In the past few years, there has been a rise in the development and availability of mobile health applications (apps) for T2DM. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the actual use of diabetes mobile health applications among T2DM-patients and main barriers and drivers among app-users and non-users. METHODS An explanatory sequential design was applied, starting with a web-based questionnaire followed by semi-structured in-depth interviews. Data were collected between July and December 2020. Questionnaire data from 103 respondents were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. Descriptive statistics were performed for actual use of apps among T2DM-patients and the individual items of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Differences between users and non-users were tested through chi-square tests for the individual items. Independent t-tests were performed to test for differences in mean scores per UTAUT-construct. A total of 16 respondents contributed to the in-depth interviews, of which ten were users and six non-users of apps for T2DM. Content analysis with a deductive approach was performed on all transcripts guided by the UTAUT. RESULTS Regarding actual use, 55% (n=57) were non-users and 45% (n=46) were users of apps for T2DM. Mean scores were significantly higher among users of apps for T2DM for the constructs performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions and knowledge compared to the non-users (P<.001). One of the main drivers for use was the belief that using diabetes-apps would result in better personal health and well-being. Time and energy needed to keep track of data and understand the app were mentioned as barriers. Users scored significantly higher regarding social influence compared to the non-users (P.007). Healthcare professionals play an important role in the support of T2DM-patients in using apps. Respondents wanted to use the apps and acquired data together with their healthcare professionals. However, respondents noticed that their professionals often were not supportive regarding the use of diabetes-apps, didn’t had interest or did not talk about apps or acquired data. Reimbursement by insurance companies was mentioned as missing facilitator. CONCLUSIONS Empowering healthcare professionals’ engagement is of utmost important to support T2DM-patients in using apps. Insurance companies can have a role in facilitating the use of diabetes-apps, for example to assure reimbursement. Further research should focus on evaluation of patients experiences with different diabetes-apps and how to integrate mobile health applications with diabetes self-management care.

Knowledge, Information Sources, and Preventive Measures in response to the Infectious Diseases in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A national Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zeng ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Yinyue Liu ◽  
Bin Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are a priority in public health. Improving the knowledge and preventive measures of children and adolescents is important for disease prevention. Information sources play a crucial role in delivering disease-related knowledge. However, there is limited national-level evidence of the knowledge, information sources, and preventive measures in response to infectious diseases in Chinese children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and interrelationships of knowledge, preventive measures of infectious diseases, and the information sources among Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS Participants in this cross-sectional study were embedded in a baseline survey of a national multi-centered cluster randomized controlled trial in seven provinces in China, using questionnaires to evaluate their level of knowledge and prevention measures, and the main source of information on infectious diseases. RESULTS A total of 30,287 children aged 6-17 years were enrolled. The mean scores of knowledge and preventive measures for infectious diseases were 2.35(SD=0.93) and 12.16 (SD=2.52), respectively. The majority of children and adolescents received information of infectious diseases through school (86.7%) and related groups (86.5%), followed by electronic media (73.4%). The results indicated that there were significant differences in knowledge and preventive measures among children and adolescents with different gender, age, children situation, living situation, residence, region, parents’ age and education level (P<0.05). In addition, multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, age, living situation, residential area, region, mother's age, father's education level, knowledge score and main information source could better predict the score of preventive measures. Living with parents (vs Not living with parents; β=0.055 P<0.001), household income of 5000-10000 yuan (vs. Less than 5000 yuan; 0.024, P<0.001), south areas (vs. North: β=0.021), mother's age>35 years (vs.≤35years; 35-45 years: β=0.020, P=0.008; ≥45 years: β=0.022, P=0.005), father's education in high school/vocational school (vs. Junior high school and below; β=0.024, P=0.001), and high knowledge score (β=0.102, P<0.001) were more likely to have a high infectious disease prevention measures score(P<0.05). On the contrary, males (vs Females; β=-0.003, P<0.001), older (vs. 6-8 years; 12-14 years: β=-0.130, P<0.001;15-17years: β=-0.253, P<0.001), rural areas (vs. Urban; β=-0.023, P=0.001), central areas (vs. North; β=-0.036, P<0.001), and fathers aged 35-45 years (vs. ≤35 years; β=-0.021, P=0.009) were significantly associated with low infectious disease prevention measure scores(P<0.05). Interestingly, children or adolescents who accept information about infectious diseases through schools (vs. No; Yes: β=0.054, P<0.001) and paper media (vs. No; Yes: β=0.054, P<0.001) tend to score higher on measures to prevent infectious diseases(P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The national survey provides an overview of knowledge, information sources, and preventive measures in response to infectious diseases in Chinese children and adolescents. The research findings add values to the future intervention and policy-making for promoting the preventive measures of infectious diseases in children and adolescents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document