Exploring the Basic Principles and Functionalities of Spintronic Thermal Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Heat Control ◽  
Spin Caloritronics

Scientists propose a new spin caloritronics concept called “spintronic thermal management” and provide a comprehensive overview of basic principles, physical behaviors, and heat control functionalities associated with the concept.

scholarly journals Augmented Reality in Orthopedic Surgery Is Emerging from Proof of Concept Towards Clinical Studies: a Literature Review Explaining the Technology and Current State of the Art

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio A. Casari ◽  
Nassir Navab ◽  
Laura A. Hruby ◽  
Philipp Kriechling ◽  
Ricardo Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Orthopedic Oncology ◽  
Technological Developments

Abstract Purpose of Review Augmented reality (AR) is becoming increasingly popular in modern-day medicine. Computer-driven tools are progressively integrated into clinical and surgical procedures. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the current technology and its challenges based on recent literature mainly focusing on clinical, cadaver, and innovative sawbone studies in the field of orthopedic surgery. The most relevant literature was selected according to clinical and innovational relevance and is summarized. Recent Findings Augmented reality applications in orthopedic surgery are increasingly reported. In this review, we summarize basic principles of AR including data preparation, visualization, and registration/tracking and present recently published clinical applications in the area of spine, osteotomies, arthroplasty, trauma, and orthopedic oncology. Higher accuracy in surgical execution, reduction of radiation exposure, and decreased surgery time are major findings presented in the literature. Summary In light of the tremendous progress of technological developments in modern-day medicine and emerging numbers of research groups working on the implementation of AR in routine clinical procedures, we expect the AR technology soon to be implemented as standard devices in orthopedic surgery.

scholarly journals Basic Principles, Most Common Computational Tools, and Capabilities for Building Energy and Urban Microclimate Simulations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6707
Author(s):  
George M. Stavrakakis ◽  
Dimitris Al. Katsaprakakis ◽  
Markos Damasiotis
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Urban Microclimate ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Urban Heat

This paper presents basic principles of built-environment physics’ modelling, and it reviews common computational tools and capabilities in a scope of practical design approaches for retrofitting purposes. Well-established simulation models and methods, with applications found mainly in the international scientific literature, are described by means of strengths and weaknesses as regards related tools’ availability, easiness to use, and reliability towards the determination of the optimal blends of retrofit measures for building energy upgrading and Urban Heat Island (UHI) mitigation. The various characteristics of computational approaches are listed and collated by means of comparison among the principal modelling methods as well as among the respective computational tools that may be used for simulation and decision-making purposes. Insights of coupling between building energy and urban microclimate models are also presented. The main goal was to provide a comprehensive overview of available simulation methods that can be used at the early design stages for planning retrofitting strategies and guiding engineers and technical professionals through the simulation tools’ options oriented to the considered case study.

scholarly journals Design of a bladeless engine compressor based on magnetohydrodynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Stachová ◽  
◽  
Jozef Čerňan
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Technical Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Scientific Observation ◽  
Engine Compressor ◽  
Professional Research ◽  
Modelling Methods ◽  
Aircraft Propulsion

This article is a technical analysis focusing on the design of a bladeless compressor based on magnetohydrodynamics and the possibilities of its use. The aim of this work is to design new solutions in the field of aircraft compressors and to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific information on the topic. Emphasis is also placed on acquainting the reader with the basic principles of magnetohydrodynamics and the possibilities of its application in the field of aircraft propulsion units. The work is a combination of professional research of scientific information in the field of plasma and magnetohydrodynamics and a practical part whose goal is to create new design of a bladeless compressor using scientific observation and modelling methods. This design was also examined in the work using the method of comparison, which aimed to examine the design and its behaviour in different configurations. The main goal was to combine essential and key information from the researched area and apply it in a completely new way in designing new solutions in issued area

Thermal Analysis

2016 ◽  
pp. 159-191
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Thermal Calculations ◽  
Industrial Samples ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms

Over temperature is one of the main reasons of failure in electric power converters. In addition, some of other failure factors such as dielectric breakdown act as over temperature in damaging process of a converter. In the previous chapter, it is emphasized that temperature factor is a key index in reliability calculation. Unlike fully electrical variables, thermal calculations require details of geometry of the system and its environment. In this chapter, thermal analysis as the most important factor in failure of converters is presented. Two main approaches for this goal are presented: numerical and lumped mode. Principles of these methods are described with various examples and a comparison is presented. Basic principles of thermal modeling are described and concept of sample node is explained. Methods for thermal management of an electric power converter are described. These methods are at both component and system levels and contain various heat transfer mechanisms like conduction and convection. Theoretical methods and practical considerations for heat sink selection and proper mounting are presented. Thermal insulation classes and various standards related to thermal management are expressed. Industrial samples are presented to show application of theoretical topics in real world.

Corneal Collagen Cross-linking in Keratectasia

2009 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Farhad Hafezi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Current State ◽  
Biochemical Resistance ◽  
Collagen Cross Linking ◽  
Corneal Collagen

In recent years, increased attention has been paid to the biomechanical properties of the cornea. Corneal biomechanics are altered not only in inherited and acquired corneal conditions, such as ectatic disorders or melting processes, but also by refractive surgical procedures. Therefore, a therapeutic approach to increase the biomechanical and biochemical resistance of the cornea would address important issues in a variety of corneal disorders. Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin and ultraviolet A (UVA) is an innovative clinical technique that fulfils these criteria. To assist researchers and clinicians interested in the field, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of CXL, its basic principles, the technique and clinical indications, but also safety issues and potential complications.

Electron-deficient boron-based catalysts for C–H bond functionalisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhong Ma ◽  
Shao-Jie Lou ◽  
Zhaomin Hou
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Comprehensive Overview

This review article provides a comprehensive overview to recognise the current status of electron-deficient boron-based catalysis in C–H functionalisations.

Current Issues: Evidence-Based Practice for the Real World: Thoughts on Clinical Education in Communication Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne K. Bothe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Education ◽  
Real World ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Real ◽  
Language Pathology

This article presents some streamlined and intentionally oversimplified ideas about educating future communication disorders professionals to use some of the most basic principles of evidence-based practice. Working from a popular five-step approach, modifications are suggested that may make the ideas more accessible, and therefore more useful, for university faculty, other supervisors, and future professionals in speech-language pathology, audiology, and related fields.

Inequalities and Impact of Socioeconomic-Cultural Factors in Suicide Rates Across Italy

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Monica Vichi ◽  
Maria Masocco ◽  
Nicola Vanacore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Suicide is a major cause of premature death in Italy and occurs at different rates in the various regions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of suicide in the Italian population aged 15 years and older for the years 1980–2006. Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian Mortality Database. Results: Mortality rates for suicide in Italy reached a peak in 1985 and declined thereafter. The different patterns observed by age and sex indicated that the decrease in the suicide rate in Italy was initially the result of declining rates in those aged 45+ while, from 1997 on, the decrease was attributable principally to a reduction in suicide rates among the younger age groups. It was found that socioeconomic factors underlined major differences in the suicide rate across regions. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be determined by an array of factors. Suicide prevention should, therefore, be targeted to identifiable high-risk sociocultural groups in each country.

Comprehensive Overview with Blind Spot for Women

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 641-642
Author(s):  
JUDITH LONG LAWS
Keyword(s):  
Blind Spot ◽  
Comprehensive Overview
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