1 Animal Husbandry from the Late Neolithic through the Roman Period

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Sándor Bökönyi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Late Neolithic

scholarly journals Extensive farming in Estonia started through a sex-biased migration from the Steppe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lehti Saag ◽  
Liivi Varul ◽  
Christiana Lyn Scheib ◽  
Jesper Stenderup ◽  
Morten E. Allentoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Steppe Belt ◽  
Extensive Farming ◽  
Early Farmers

AbstractFarming-based economies appear relatively late in Northeast Europe and the extent to which they involve genetic ancestry change is still poorly understood. Here we present the analyses of low coverage whole genome sequence data from five hunter-gatherers and five farmers of Estonia dated to 4,500 to 6,300 years before present. We find evidence of significant differences between the two groups in the composition of autosomal as well as mtDNA, X and Y chromosome ancestries. We find that Estonian hunter-gatherers of Comb Ceramic Culture are closest to Eastern hunter-gatherers. The Estonian first farmers of Corded Ware Culture show high similarity in their autosomes with Steppe Belt Late Neolithic/Bronze Age individuals, Caucasus hunter-gatherers and Iranian farmers while their X chromosomes are most closely related with the European Early Farmers of Anatolian descent. These findings suggest that the shift to intensive cultivation and animal husbandry in Estonia was triggered by the arrival of new people with predominantly Steppe ancestry, but whose ancestors had undergone sex-specific admixture with early farmers with Anatolian ancestry.

Diverse Economic Patterns in the North Baltic Sea Region in the Late Neolithic and Early Metal Periods

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirva Pääkkönen ◽  
Elisabeth Holmqvist ◽  
Auli Bläuer ◽  
Richard P. Evershed ◽  
Henrik Asplund
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Organic Residue ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The North ◽  
Prehistoric Pottery ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Pottery Sherds ◽  
Dairy Fats

Over 120 prehistoric pottery sherds from mainland Finland and the Åland Islands in the north Baltic region were studied for their organic residue content. Preserved fat residues found in these vessels indicated that the food procurement pattern was broad during the Neolithic and Early Metal periods. Based on previous research and these results, it appears that animal husbandry came to Finland with the Corded Ware culture. Groups using the succeeding Late Neolithic Kiukainen Ware did not, however, practice animal husbandry to any great extent, as there is an indication of dairy fats in only a single sherd. In general, even after dairy farming arrived in the area, prehistoric groups in southern and south-western Finland continued or returned to a hunter-gatherer lifestyle. During the Early Metal period, animal husbandry increased in importance among the groups living in the area, and the level of dairying then intensified.

New perspectives of studies in the Przeworsk culture in the Lublin region – on the example of the results of interdisciplinary studies of site 5 in Nieszawa Kolonia, Opole Lubelskie district, Lublin voivodship

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 111-136
Author(s):  
Marta Stasiak-Cyran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
Early Migration ◽  
Przeworsk Culture

The last twenty years have brought discoveries which provide a large number of sources concerning the archaeology of the Roman Period in the Lublin region. The interdisciplinary studies related to site 5 in Nieszawa Kolonia, Opole Lubelskie district, Lublin region, Poland, have generated a substantial part of these new sources. The multi-aspectual analysis of archaeological and biological sources allowed us to characterize of the economy of the dwellers of the settlement which was constituted by agriculture, animal husbandry and fishing. The relative chronology of the settlement was established, and the first stage of its functioning was determined as belonging to phase B2, until phase C1a inclusive. The second stage of the utilisation of the settlement is dated to phase C3-D1. Three instances of radiocarbon dating confirm the chronological frame established by relative dating. The presented analysis of selected archaeological sources from site 5 in Nieszawa Kolonia, especially of ceramic material, seems to confirm the possibility that in the early Roman period, in the Lublin region, especially in its western part, infiltration of Dacian cultural elements into the Przeworsk environment took place. It is undeniable that the chronology of the settlement in Nieszawa Kolonia extends beyond the established time frame assumed for the functioning of the Przeworsk culture in the Lublin region. It is possible that in the late Roman Period the history of the settlement in question is part of a series of changes that took place in the areas of Barbaricum and Roman provinces. Some of the settlers of northern origin could have returned to the former settlements. The settlement in the mesoregion of the Lesser Poland Gorge of the Vistula is of particular importance for the revision of previous interpretations of the cultural changes taking place in the Lublin region in the Roman Period and in the early Migration Period.

scholarly journals Sequential analyses of bovid tooth enamel and dentine collagen (δ18O, δ13C, δ15N): new insights into animal husbandry between the Late Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age at Tana del Barletta (Ligurian Prealps)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Morandi ◽  
D. Frémondeau ◽  
G. Müldner ◽  
R. Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Stable Oxygen ◽  
Nw Italy ◽  
Animal Diet

AbstractTana del Barletta is an upland cave used from the Late Neolithic to the Middle Bronze Age, located in the vicinity of the coast in Liguria (NW Italy). The excavation revealed the presence of a faunal assemblage dominated by caprine and cattle remains. In order to gain new data on late prehistoric farming strategies (e.g. seasonal mobility, coastal grazing, animal diet), intra-tooth series of stable oxygen and carbon isotopes have been obtained from cattle and sheep/goat tooth enamel, along with intra-tooth series of nitrogen and carbon isotopes from cattle dentine collagen. Due to the prevalence of maxillary teeth, a modern calf has also been analysed to assess intra-individual isotopic differences between the maxillary and mandibular dentition. Modern data on oxygen isotope values of meteoric water from different altitudes around the area of the site were used as a reference for interpretation. The results indicate that the water ingested by the herd was mostly characterised by particularly low δ18O values, highlighting the importance of the uplands for the late prehistoric farmers of the region. However, the input of water sourced from lower elevations, especially during the winter months, cannot be dismissed. In addition, the nitrogen isotopic composition of cattle collagen rules out the ingestion of salt-tolerant vegetation or seaweed, suggesting that grazing did not occur directly on the coastal plain.

The Neolithic and Mesolithic occupation of the cave of Cyclope, Youra, Alonnessos, Greece

1998 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamantios Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Fish Bones

The cave of Cyclope is situated on the SW side of the island of Youra, 16 miles from Alonnessos. Systematic research in the cave lasted from 1992 to 1996. The upper layers, which date to the Roman period, contained mainly lamps. In the centre of the cave a Middle Neolithic stratum yielded a mass of pottery of exceptional red-on-white decoration. In cutting C, near the entrance, the upper layers belonged to Late Neolithic I (5th millennium BC) and were underlain by a thin Early and Middle Neolithic layer. Most of the deposits were Mesolithic. These layers consisted of faunal remains and thick-packed living floors in which there were ash hearths and scattered charcoal. Radiocarbon dates from these strata ranged from c. 6800 to 8500 BC. The quantity of fish bones and shells was immense in the Mesolithic levels, suggesting, in association with the variety of bone hooks, high dependance on sea resources. The presence of Mesolithic habitation on a small island in the northern Aegean demonstrates that the cave of Cyclope is the earliest site in the Aegean Sea.

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