Exploring changes in catchment response characteristics: application of a generic filter for estimating the effective rainfall and unit hydrograph from an observed streamflow timeseries

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Croke
Keyword(s):  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Generic Filter

scholarly journals A Comparison of Some Methods of Deriving the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Singh ◽  
C. Corradini ◽  
F. Melone
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Similar Accuracy ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Range Of Values

The geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) proposed by Gupta et al. (1980) was compared with the IUH derived by commonly used time-area and Nash methods. This comparison was performed by analyzing the effective rainfall-direct runoff relationship for four large basins in Central Italy ranging in area from 934 to 4,147 km2. The Nash method was found to be the most accurate of the three methods. The geomorphological method, with only one parameter estimated in advance from the observed data, was found to be little less accurate than the Nash method which has two parameters determined from observations. Furthermore, if the geomorphological and Nash methods employed the same information represented by basin lag, then they produced similar accuracy provided the other Nash parameter, expressed by the product of peak flow and time to peak, was empirically assessed within a wide range of values. It was concluded that it was more appropriate to use the geomorphological method for ungaged basins and the Nash method for gaged basins.

scholarly journals Integrating XAJ Model with GIUH Based on Nash Model for Rainfall-Runoff Modelling

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingbing Chen ◽  
Peng Shi ◽  
Simin Qu ◽  
Xiaomin Ji ◽  
Lanlan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Network Flow ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Nash Model ◽  
Average Flow Velocity ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Flood Estimation

The geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) is an applicable approach that simulates the runoff for the ungauged basins. The nash model is an efficient tool to derive the unit hydrograph (UH), which only requires two items, including the indices n and k. Theoretically, the GIUH method describes the process of a droplet flowing from which it falls on to the basin outlet, only covering the flow concentration process. The traditional technique for flood estimation using GIUH method always uses the effective rainfall, which is empirically obtained and scant of accuracy, and then calculates the convolution of the effective rainfall and GIUH. To improve the predictive capability of the GIUH model, the Xin’anjiang (XAJ) model, which is a conceptual model with clear physical meaning, is applied to simulate the runoff yielding and the slope flow concentration, integrating with the GIUH derived based on Nash model to compute the river network flow convergence, forming a modified GIUH model for flood simulation. The average flow velocity is the key to obtain the indices k, and two methods to calculate the flow velocity were compared in this study. 10 flood events in three catchments in Fujian, China are selected to calibrate the model, and six for validation. Four criteria, including the time-to-peak error, the relative peak flow error, the relative runoff depth error, and the Nash–Sutcliff efficiency coefficient are computed for the model performance evaluation. The observed runoff value and simulated series in validation stage is also presented in the scatter plots to analyze the fitting degree. The analysis results show the modified model with a convenient calculation and a high fitting and illustrates that the model is reliable for the flood estimation and has potential for practical flood forecasting.

scholarly journals Rainfall–streamflow relationships for three chalk escarpment springs (Oxfordshire, United Kingdom): effective rainfall and groundwater recharge area computational issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1560-1569
Author(s):  
Ian G. Littlewood
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Recharge Area ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Local Reference ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Flow responses to rainfall are investigated for three small chalk springs located within about 30 km of each other. A high degree of synchronicity is shown for the spring hydrographs, which exhibit a lag of about 50 days relative to a much larger local reference catchment. Rainfall–streamflow models with six or fewer parameters, calibrated using free-to-download software, account for about 75% of the variance in daily streamflow for the reference catchment, and between about 76 and 85% for the chalk springs. Several modelling issues are discussed related to computation of the daily effective rainfall that forms the input to a Unit Hydrograph part of the model. Descriptions are given of how and why, when the recharge area used for a spring is far too small, the modelling software generates physically unrealistic effective rainfall depths much greater than the rainfall, without affecting model-fit to streamflow or the calibrated values of model parameters (except one). Reasons are suggested why it can be pragmatically acceptable for computed effective rainfall to occasionally exceed the corresponding recorded rainfall by small amounts. Wider implications of the modelling results are outlined and some suggestions for further work are made.

Relevance of the H2U model to predict the discharge of a catchment

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Duchesne ◽  
C. Cudennec ◽  
V. Corbierre
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Water Speed ◽  
Very High

The new deterministic model H2U (from French “Hydrogramme unitaire universel”) is validated for two Mediterranean catchments, both in natural conditions, in the south of France and in the very anthropic catchment of Paris-Orly airport. It starts from a description of the drainage network by means of a density function of the hydraulic lengths. Through the mean water speed in the channels, this function is proved to be the unit hydrograph, or transfer function of the catchment. Moreover, in some cases, the production function can be directly known, for instance when the rain intensity is very high, or, if rain intensities are rather low, when the impervious surface area ratio is known and can be considered as the effective rainfall/total rainfall ratio. Then, the H2U model can give directly a good simulated curve of discharge, without any calibration except for the estimation of the mean water speed. The model can probably give good simulations in any situation provided that the production function has been evaluated. Even better, it can be used as the known kernel function in order to obtain the effective rainfall, i.e. the production function, by deconvolution of the actual hydrograph.

Note on estimating the unit hydrograph (effective rainfall unknown)

1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
W.E. Bardsley ◽  
R.A. Petch
Keyword(s):  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Unit Hydrograph

scholarly journals Relationship between rainfall and run-off In the Stratoni Region (N. Greece) after the storm of 10th February 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-431 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Soil Conservation Service ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Small Watersheds ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Flood Hydrograph ◽  
Synthetic Unit Hydrograph

<div> <p>Extreme floods often demonstrate unanticipated characteristics that pose problems for management and response. The flood in the Stratoni region in February 2010 provided an example of such unexpected response. The aim of this paper is the quantification of the hydrologic response of the torrents that outfall in the area of Stratoni of the prefecture of Chalkidiki by means of the synthetic unit hydrograph method. For this purpose, the effective rainfall is estimated with a Curve Number of Soil Conservation Service (SCS) procedure. In addition, the flood hydrograph is estimated using the Sierra Nevada&rsquo;s synthetic unit hydrograph procedure. The resulting maximum flood discharge was compared with the value obtained by the method of flood-water traces and found not to differ significantly. Understanding of the hydrological operation of floods in small watersheds helps towards the design of plans and constructions of the infrastructure against flood risk.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Development of geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) model for a new un-gauged watershed

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Jeetendra Kumar ◽  
R. Suresh ◽  
Safi Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Damodar Valley ◽  
Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph

A geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) model was developed for a watershed of Damodar valley corporation, Hazaribagh, using Nash (1959) and Itrube (1982) methods to compute peak discharge (qpeak) and time to peak (tpeak). The model was calibrated and validated for five storm events, i.e. June 24-25 (1992), October 12-13 (1993), November 2-3 (1993), June 28 (1994) and August 6 (1996) by comparing their ordinates with the ordinates of instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH). The GIUH was tested with absolute prediction errors (APE) of the ordinate of peak discharge. On comparison, it was found that, most of the GIUH models overestimated the runoff at initial stage, while underestimated at the latter stage in comparison to the IUHs, which was mainly due to consideration of const ant value of Ф-index, for computation of effective rainfall. The absolute prediction errors (APE) were computed to be 5.97, 18.09, 23.32, 9.64 and 7.52% of the ordinates of peak discharge for the storm events of June 24-25 (1992), October 12-13 (1993), November 2-3 (1993), June 28 (1994) and August 6 (1996) respectively.

scholarly journals Analisis Hidrologi untuk Perencanaan Sistem Polder di DKI Jakarta

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Segel Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Frequency Curve ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
Sea Dikes

The application of the polder system for flood control in DKI Jakarta has become a must for coastal areas, especially with the construction of sea dikes along the coast of Jakarta as a solution to anticipate tidal flooding. One thing to consider when using a polder system in flood control is how much pump capacity and reservoir are needed. To answer this quetions, a hydrological analysis has been carried out with several method approaches, starting from determining the rainfall design in the form of a depth duration frequency curve in 1 hour to 48 hours, and then applied area reduction factor (ARF) to corrected rainfall design. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) method are uses to calculated runoff or effective rainfall and then with the unit hydrograph by time area method to produce a runoff hydrograph. Based on this approach, the Sentiong Polder plan has been carried out with the result that the required pump capacity for a 25-year return period is 32 m3/s and 50 m3/s for a 100-year return period with a storage capacity used of 1,507,500 m3. If you want to reduce the pump capacity, it is necessary to increase the storage capacity.

Smoothing Facilitates the Detection of Coupled Responses in Psychophysiological Time Series

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Kettunen ◽  
Niklas Ravaja ◽  
Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Type I ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Smoothing Methods ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Different Response

Abstract We examined the use of smoothing to enhance the detection of response coupling from the activity of different response systems. Three different types of moving average smoothers were applied to both simulated interbeat interval (IBI) and electrodermal activity (EDA) time series and to empirical IBI, EDA, and facial electromyography time series. The results indicated that progressive smoothing increased the efficiency of the detection of response coupling but did not increase the probability of Type I error. The power of the smoothing methods depended on the response characteristics. The benefits and use of the smoothing methods to extract information from psychophysiological time series are discussed.

Interpreting Open- and Closed-Loop Transfer Relations Between Cardiorespiratory Parameters: Lessons Learned from a Computer Model of Beat-to-Beat Cardiovascular Regulation

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
P. Hammer ◽  
D. Litvack ◽  
J. P. Saul
Keyword(s):  
Computer Model ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Cardiovascular Regulation ◽  
Cardiovascular Control ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Abstract:A computer model of cardiovascular control has been developed based on the response characteristics of cardiovascular control components derived from experiments in animals and humans. Results from the model were compared to those obtained experimentally in humans, and the similarities and differences were used to identify both the strengths and inadequacies of the concepts used to form the model. Findings were confirmatory of some concepts but contrary to some which are firmly held in the literature, indicating that understanding the complexity of cardiovascular control probably requires a combination of experiments and computer models which integrate multiple systems and allow for determination of sufficiency and necessity.

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