scholarly journals Оценка языка-пиджина руссенорск глазами современного лингвиста(Assessment of the pidgin Russenorsk (RN) seen with the eyes of a contemporary linguist)

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Ingvild Broch
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Linguistic Description ◽  
The World ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Parts

The first linguistic description of RN was published by Olaf Broch in German in 1927 in Archiv für slavishe Philologie and in the same year also in Norwegian, at the request of the editor of the Norwegian philological journal Maal og Minne. In 1930 he published the RN texts which were known then and which he had used as a basis for the description of 1927. Broch's interest in RN was concentrated on a pure description of this phenomenon, by him characterized as "a kind of language [...] a mixture of different constituents like the ones we know from different parts of the world under more or less the same conditions». We have passed through a period of comparing RN to other pidgins, establishing RN as a grammatical system with simple morphology, with a syntax that is far from being without rules, but its syntactical possibilities are restricted, as in other pidgins. The history of RN shows that as long as RN was the only means of communication between Norwegians and Russians in Northern Norway the assessment was positive, but when Norwegian merchants started learning Russian proper, RN lost its status as "the fourth language" in Northern Norway, and was characterized in the same derogatory way as colonial pidgins. RN, however, differs from them, in having a special status as a dual-sourced pidgin, while most Atlantic and Pacific pidgin, creoloid and post-creoloid languages have a single main source.This seems to stimulate to more extensive studies into the features of the pidgin and contact languages of the Arctic and the northern regions. Such investigations can hopefully lead to important modifications and necessary redefinitions of the theoretical models employed in pidgin and creole studies.

Christianity in the Twentieth Century

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Different Parts

This book charts the transformation of one of the world's great religions during an age marked by world wars, genocide, nationalism, decolonization, and powerful ideological currents, many of them hostile to Christianity. The book traces how Christianity evolved from a religion defined by the culture and politics of Europe to the expanding polycentric and multicultural faith it is today—one whose growing popular support is strongest in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, China, and other parts of Asia. The book sheds critical light on themes of central importance for understanding the global contours of modern Christianity, illustrating each one with contrasting case studies, usually taken from different parts of the world. Unlike other books on world Christianity, this one is not a regional survey or chronological narrative, nor does it focus on theology or ecclesiastical institutions. The book provides a history of Christianity as a popular faith experienced and lived by its adherents, telling a compelling and multifaceted story of Christendom's fortunes in Europe, North America, and across the rest of the globe. It demonstrates how Christianity has had less to fear from the onslaughts of secularism than from the readiness of Christians themselves to accommodate their faith to ideologies that privilege racial identity or radical individualism.

Access to Internet and Internet Shutdown: A Rights Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internet Freedom ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Union Territory ◽  
Different Parts

Access to the internet is fast becoming a basic right given the plethora of information available on the net these days. In the current scenario, the issue of internet shutdown has become an important concern in India. Internet shutdown affects people socially, psychologically and economically. On one hand, many democratic countries of the world are discussing about digital freedom and human rights, while on the other hand, some countries including India are continuously practicing Internet shutdowns in different parts of their countries. India has become the top country of the world in terms of the numbers of Internet shutdowns. The Internet has become such a prominent source of information for all of us that when Internet connectivity is suspended, many people are affected as they depend on the Internet services for various purposes. Internet shutdown is not only harmful to democracy and governance but also to the economy of the country. Internet shutdowns are direct violations of digital freedom and human rights. The main objective of this paper is to argue that access to internet is a basic right and highlight the problem of Internet shutdown in India and its adverse impact on the lives of Indians. In addition, this paper attempts to highlight a brief history of Internet shutdowns in India. The paper shows how frequent clampdowns on internet affects the economy, as has been the case of Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir thereby highlighting the case for internet freedom for the survival of the economy especially in Digital India.

scholarly journals The way we were (and how we got here): fifty years of technology changes in dental and maxillofacial radiology

2020 ◽  
pp. 20200133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Molteni
Keyword(s):  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Maxillofacial Radiology ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Technology Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phosphor Plates ◽  
Different Parts

The history of the last 50 years (1970–2020) of technological changes and progresses for equipment and procedures in dental and maxillofacial radiology is related from the insider perspective of an industrial physicist and technologist who has been instrumental at innovating and developing medical equipment in different parts of the world. The onset and improvement of all major categories of dental and maxillofacial radiographic equipment is presented, from the standpoint of their practical acceptance and impact among common dentists and maxillofacial radiologists: X-ray sources and detectors for intraoral radiography, and panoramic systems, both film-based and digital (including photo-stimulated phosphor plates); and cone beam CT.

Covenants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Kingston
Keyword(s):  
World Council Of Churches ◽  
Methodist Church ◽  
The Road ◽  
Church Of Ireland ◽  
The World ◽  
World Council ◽  
History Of ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Church ◽  
Different Parts

This chapter explores the notion of covenant as an instrument which may facilitate closer and more binding relationships between or among churches wanting to commit to each other in a further step on the road to complete unity. The history of the term is outlined, noting its origin with the World Council of Churches. Several recent covenant relationships in different parts of the world are examined, with comments on their development and documentation. It is observed that a leading motivation in the establishment of covenants has been that of mission, while a significant challenge has been varying theologies of ministry. Particular note is taken of the covenant between the Methodist Church in Ireland and the Church of Ireland (Anglican), in which these churches are formulating legislation to facilitate interchangeability of ministries.

The Discovery of Diamonds in Siberia and Other Northern Regions: Explorational, Historical, and Personal Notes

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří (George) Strnad
Keyword(s):  
White Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Short List ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Somerset Island ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

Only four known diamond locations are near and north of the Arctic Circle. What is believed to be the oldest diamond find in this region was made in the gravels of the Pasvik River on the U.S.S.R.-Finland-Norway border. This was followed by the discovery of the northern fields of the Yakutian diamondiferous province in the U.S.S.R. Somerset Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and southwestern Greenland conclude this short list. Geographically close to the Arctic but south of the Arctic Circle are the diamond locations on the shore of the Beloye More or White Sea and in the Timan Range (U.S.S.R.), western and eastern Alaska (U.S.A.), and in the Mackenzie Mountains (Canada). Farther south and partly in the Subarctic are locations in the Ural Mountains and Yakutia (U.S.S.R.), as well as in Labrador and Saskatchewan (Canada). While the discoveries in Canada and Greenland belong to our times, the history of the others is hidden in ancient records. For the Yakutian fields, which are of major economic importance and among the world leaders in the production of gem quality diamonds, an ancient reference dating back to 1375 is presented here for the first time.

XXV. An account of the Kingdom of Thibet. In a letter from John Stewart, Esquire, F.R.S. to Sir John Pringle, Bart. P.R.S

1777 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 465-492 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Short Notice ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intimate Knowledge ◽  
Different Parts

Sir, During my late residence in India, a transaction took place in Bengal, which, in its consequence, led to a new and more intimate knowledge of a vast country, hitherto unexplored by Europeans, and hardly known to them but by name. As every discovery of this sort tends to the advancement of natural knowledge, I have thought a short notice on this subject might prove no disagreeable communication to the Society; and therefore take the liberty, with your approbation, to submit it, in this manner, to them. The kingdom of Thibet, although known by name ever since the days of Marco Paolo and other travellers of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, had never been properly explored by any European till the period of which I am now to speak. It is true, some straggling missionaries of the begging orders had, at different times, penetrated into different parts of the country; but their observations, directed by ignorance and superstition, placed in a narrow sphere, could give no ideas but what were false and imperfect. Since then, the Jesuits have given the world, in Duhalde's History of China, a shore account of this country, collected, with their usual pains and judgement, from Tartar relations, which, as far as it goes, seems to be pretty just.

scholarly journals LINGUISTIC INVESTIGATION OF CONDITIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE WORLD LINGUISTICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-77
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Linguistic Description ◽  
Componential Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic Approaches

The article is devoted to the investigation of the problem of conditional relationships and their expression peculiarities in the world linguistics. In particular, a special emphasis is placed on the discussion of leading approaches, perspectives from which conditional relationships are studied, their representation and classification from different viewpoints. The aim of the research is determined by the analysis of the expression of conditional relationships from different perspectives and the formulation of main principles and basis of such approaches to the study of the issue under discussion. The following tasks have been set to reach the goal: a) description of the history of the study of conditional relationships in the world linguistics; b) investigation of peculiarities of the expression of conditional relationships in world linguistics; c) analysis of the basic approaches to the investigation of conditional relationships in the world linguistics and identification of certain principles of each approach which focus on the study of conditional relationships from a particular angle; d) identification of classification of conditional relationships in the world linguistics and analysis of criteria for such classifications. The following methods of investigation have been used: linguistic description (to analyze and criticize the works related to the problem of conditional relationships in world linguistics), componential analysis (to reveal semantic peculiarities of conditional relationships in world linguistics), classification (to classify conditional relationships in world linguistics). The following results have been obtained: a) the conditional relationships in world linguistics have been studied from the following perspectives: semantic, syntactic, stylistic, functional, speech act, pragmatic, comparative-typological, pedagogical, historical-etymological; b) each perspective is characterized by certain principles; c) the conditional relationships can be classified from the viewpoints of semantics, syntax, speech act and pragmatics; d) each classification is based on certain criteria.

scholarly journals The Birth of the Clinic and the Sources of Archaeological History

2018 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
François Delaporte
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Medical Gaze ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Year 2013

The year 2013 marked the 50th anniversary of the publication of a classic of the historiography of sciences, Michel Foucault’s The birth of the clinic: An archaeology of medical gaze. In different parts of the world, events were organized to reflect on this important work. The article argues that if one cannot draw a direct line linking the work of the leading historians-philosophers of the twentieth-century sciences in France to Michel Foucault’s archaeological study of the clinic, we must recognize that the author of The Birth of the Clinic has taken up from these historians-philosophers the methodological and conceptual tools that made it possible to study the history of science and knowledge in a new way.

scholarly journals محمد عبده واتجاهه الأدبي في التفسير

Teosofia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sihabuddin
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Description ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qur'anic Exegesis ◽  
Research Show

<pre><em>This research strengthens the findings of the previous research which stated that Muhammad Abduh used literary paradigm in his Tafsir. Abduh, although he was known as a man of letters but there is a statement that it does not mean that Abduh’s Tafsir entirely stands on the methods and literary paradigm. Due to this reason the study is purposed. The findings of this research show that Abduh’s interpretation toward the Qur'an is not much different than what is done by the contemporary interpreters such as Amin Al-Khulli. The literary approach used by Abduh in interpreting the Qur'an it could be reviewed from linguistic description given upon words in the Qur'anic verses and the aspect of the history of the development of the meaning of those words. In addition, Abduh’s literary approach is also identical to rationalism tradition in the world of the Qur'anic exegesis scholarship. This caused Abduh to be accused as of the leftist Mu'tazilah. However, by using the inter-textual method, this research concludes that the allegation is not true.</em></pre>

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