scholarly journals An evaluation of age estimation using teeth from South Asian River dolphins (Platanistidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina H Lockyer ◽  
Gill T Braulik
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Growth Layer ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
River Habitat ◽  
Layer Groups

The South Asian river dolphins (Platanista gangetica minor and P. g. gangetica) are endangered, geographically isolated, freshwater cetaceans. Accurate age estimation of individuals is an important aspect of population biology as it is used for calculating parameters such as age at maturity and reproduction, longevity, and growth and survival rates. However this has never been comprehensively studied for this endangered cetacean family. A sample of 41 teeth from 29 skulls stored in museum collections was available. We compared two different aging methods to select the most appropriate. This involved decalcification and freeze-sectioning of teeth at variable thicknesses (10–25 micron), and staining with 1) Toluidine Blue, or 2) Ehrlichs Acid Haematoxylin. Stains were then compared for readability of Growth Layer Groups (GLG). The optimum section was found at 20 micron using Erhlichs Acid Haematoxylin. Both dentinal and cemental GLG were readable and comparable, but cemental GLG were generally easier to interpret because they were better defined. Ages varied from newborn / young of year (with none or only a neonatal line present) to a maximum age of 30 GLG. There is currently no validation available for GLG deposition rate, but it is likely annual because of the extreme seasonal changes in the river habitat. 

scholarly journals Accuracy, precision, and error in age estimation of Florida manatees using growth layer groups in earbones

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1350-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina L Lonati ◽  
Amber R Howell ◽  
Jeffrey A Hostetler ◽  
Paul Schueller ◽  
Martine de Wit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Growth Layer ◽  
Florida Manatee ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Layer Groups ◽  
Age Estimates

AbstractAges of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) can be estimated by counting annual growth layer groups (GLGs) in the periotic dome portion of the tympanoperiotic complex of their earbones. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission manages an archive of more than 8,700 Florida manatee earbones collected from salvaged carcasses from 1989 to 2017. Our goal was to comprehensively evaluate techniques used to estimate age, given this large sample size and changes to processing protocols and earbone readers over time. We developed new standards for estimating ages from earbones, involving two independent readers to obtain measurements of within- and between-reader precision. To quantify accuracy, precision, and error, 111 earbones from manatees with approximately known ages (first known as calves: “KAC”) and 69 earbones from manatees with minimum known ages (“MKA,” based on photo-identification sighting histories) were processed, and their ages were estimated. There was greater precision within readers (coefficient of variation, CV: 2.4–8.5%) than between readers (CV: 13.1–13.3%). The median of age estimates fell within the true age range for 63.1% of KAC cases and was at least the sighting duration for 75.0% of MKA cases. Age estimates were generally unbiased, as indicated by an average raw error ± SD of −0.05 ± 3.05 years for the KAC group. The absolute error (i.e., absolute value of raw error) of the KAC data set averaged 1.75 ± 2.50 years. Accuracy decreased and error increased with increasing known age, especially for animals over 15 years old, whose ages were mostly underestimated due to increasing levels of resorption (the process of bone turnover that obscures GLGs). Understanding the degree of uncertainty in age estimates will help us assess the utility of age data in manatee population models. We emphasize the importance of standardizing and routinely reviewing age estimation and processing protocols to ensure that age data remain consistent and reliable.

Age estimation of marine tucuxi dolphins (Sotalia fluviatilis) in south-eastern Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. de O. Santos ◽  
S. Rosso ◽  
R.M.A. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Growth Layer ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Sotalia Fluviatilis ◽  
Layer Groups

This study reports the age estimation of marine tucuxi dolphins (Sotalia fluviatilis) found dead along the south-east coast of Brazil (24°40′S–25°30′S). The investigated specimens were collected from August 1995 to December 1998. Ages were estimated through the number of Growth Layer Groups (GLGs) from decalcified and stained thin sections of teeth. A total of 36 individuals was investigated. Estimated ages of marine tucuxis varied from zero to 29 years. The growth curve was attained from a modification of the von Bertalanffy equation applied to body length and age data. It was possible to estimate the total length of 97·8 cm in newborns, physical maturity was attained at seven years of age, and an asymptotic length of 179·8 cm.

scholarly journals A review of age estimation methods in marine mammals with special reference to monodontids

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona L. Read ◽  
Aleta A. Hohn ◽  
Christina H. Lockyer
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Growth Layer ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Absolute Age ◽  
Hard Structures ◽  
Layer Groups

This paper presents a critical review of methods for estimating absolute or relative age in marine mammals. Absolute age is achieved by counting growth layer groups (GLGs) in hard structures such as teeth, ear plugs, baleen, bones and claws. Relative age can be obtained by methods such as aspartic acid racemisation, genetic telomeres, bone mineral density, fatty acid signatures and other methods. Each method is discussed in detail. Accuracy and precision, including inter-reader calibration and anomalies, as well as methods of validating GLG deposition rates are also addressed. Each section concludes with methods of age estimation applicable to monodontids, and suggestions on the focus of future age-estimation research.

scholarly journals Inter-lab comparison of precision and recommended methods for age estimation of Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) using growth layer groups in earbones

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Brill ◽  
Miriam Marmontel ◽  
Meghan Bolen-Richardson ◽  
Robert EA Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Growth Layer ◽  
Florida Manatee ◽  
Trichechus Manatus ◽  
Trichechus Manatus Latirostris ◽  
Apparent Source ◽  
Layer Groups ◽  
Age Estimates ◽  
Good Agreement

Manatees are routinely aged by counting Growth Layer Groups (GLGs) in periotic bones (earbones). Manatee carcasses recovered in Florida between 1974 and 2010 provided age-estimation material for three readers and formed the base for a retrospective analysis of aging precision (repeatability). All readers were in good agreement (high precision) with the greatest apparent source of variation being the result of earbone remodelling with increasing manatee age. Over the same period, methods of sample preparation and of determining a final age estimate changed. We examined the effects of altering methods on ease of reading GLGs and found no statistical differences. Accurate age estimates are an important component for effective management of the species and for better models of population trends and we summarize the currently recommended methods for estimating manatee ages using earbones. 

Ageing live New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) using the first post-canine tooth

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Childerhouse ◽  
G. Dickie ◽  
G. Hessel
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Growth Layer ◽  
Canine Tooth ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Layer Groups ◽  
Phocarctos Hookeri ◽  
Age Estimates

Live New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) were aged from growth layer groups (GLGs) in the cementum of a lower first post-canine tooth. A single post-canine (PC1) was removed from individuals of known-age (n = 74) between 1997 and 2001 while under a full anaesthetic. Teeth were decalcified, sectioned on a cryostat, stained and then mounted on glass slides. Age was estimated by counting GLGs in the cementum multiple times. Age estimates were calibrated with known-aged individuals and confirmed the annual formation of cementum annuli in PC1 tooth. While there is some variation in assigning exact age to individuals, it was possible to age 94% of teeth to the exact year or to within 1 year of actual age. There was no significant difference in the slope of regression lines associated with actual and estimated age using this technique (t-test, t = 0.309, d.f. = 144, P < 0.05). Accuracy in ageing was improved by discarding sets of readings with low precision and re-reading the tooth until a precise set of estimates was made. GLGs in the cementum were more accurate and robust for age estimation than using GLGs in the dentine. This paper describes a reliable method for the preparation and ageing of the first post-canine tooth (PC1) from live New Zealand sea lions.

GROWTH LAYER GROUPS (GLGs) IN THE TEETH OF AN ADULT BELUKHA WHALE (DELPHINAPTERUS LEUCAS) OF KNOWN AGE: EVIDENCE FOR TWO ANNUAL LAYERS

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur D. Goren ◽  
Paul F. Brodie ◽  
Stephen Spotte ◽  
G. Carleton Ray ◽  
H. W. Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Growth Layer ◽  
Layer Groups

scholarly journals Utilization of Trash Fish for Cultivation of Crablet Mud Crab (Scylla serrata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Heppi Iromo ◽  
Dori Rachmawani ◽  
Abdul Jabarsyah ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Width ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Trash Fish ◽  
In The Wild

The high demand for mud crabs in North Kalimantan causes catch to increase in the wild. If it is not balanced with efforts to increase its aquaculture of mud crab, in the future there will be a decline in population. This study aims to determine the growth and survival rate of mud crab seed (crablet, Scylla serrata) in the application method of different types of trash fish. This research used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The Crablet used carapace width average 0.07-0.09 cm and weigh average 0.05-0.07 g with total 150 crablets. The treatments applied by trash fish were (A) Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), (B) Longfin Herrings Fish (Ilisha elongata), (C) Sword Fish (Trichiurus lepturus) and (D) Snails (Telescopium telescopium). The results were The best weight growth of crablet occurs in the treatment of T. lepturus (P>0.05) and  the highest of survival rates of crablet were found in treatment T. telescopium (P<0.05)  than the other. The trash fish were used turned out to be able survival of crablet mud crab (Scylla serrata).

scholarly journals NURSERY TECHNIQUES WITH JUVENILE CORAL TROUT, Plectropomus leopardus WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOOD

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Alit ◽  
Ketut Maha Setiawati ◽  
Tony Setia Dharma
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Coral Trout ◽  
Juvenile Coral ◽  
Trash Fish

ABSTRACT Feed management is a critical factor in the nursery activities because food serves as an energy for growth and survival rates. The study aimed to determine the best feeding to improve growth and survival rates. Cultured of coral trout grouper seeds were used for this research in 9 fiber tubs each of  0.8 tonnes of sea water volume with 3 treatments and 3 replicates. The feeding treatments were (a) commercial feeding pelle; (b) trash fish; and (c) feeding combinations (50% pellets and 50% trash fish). The initial length of coral trout grouper seeds were 3 cm long. The pellet used was a commercial pellet with dose of 5-10% biomass, while the trash fish was clupeid fish. Feeding times were twice a daya at 08:00 and 16:00 local time. A complete random design was used as an experiment design. Data was analysed using ANOVA and descriptive statistics. Water qualities during larva rearing included water temperature, pH, salinity, DO, ammonia, nitrite, and phosphate. The results showed that growth dan survical rates was significantly affected by combination feeding method (50% pellet and 50% trash fish) with growth rate of 0.08% cm/day and survival rate of 60.20±2.34%. Keywords: Feed, trash fish, juvenile coral trout grouper, growth, and survival.

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